Chii tibhii.

Chokwadi chokuti wakadaro tibhii, vanhu vakaziva kunyange asati azvarwa Kristu. Muna II Millennium BC, paitonga Hammurabi kuBhabhironi dzakabvumirwa kurambana vakadzi vane nhoroondo tibhii.

Panguva Hippocrates exhaustively akatsanangura chikuru zviri pulmonary tibhii. Zvinosuruvarisa, icho chiri kukonzera chirwere ichi chirwere, Hippocrates kwakarasika, nekuti ndaifunga kuti tibhii ndiyo nhaka chirwere kuti kunoitika nokuda kwazvo nokuumbwa madzihwa pamuviri. Akadzidzawo dambudziko iri kwaita tibhii Avicenna, uyo akataura kuti hosha iri chakasvitswa pamunhu nomunhu uye kukura TB kunokanganisa vainyanya kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza.

Chekutanga tibhii rakanzi kuparadzwa, saka zita chirwere ichi "phthisiology" (kubva muchiGiriki "phthisis" -. Rinodyiwa). Sezvaunoziva, tiibhii - iri ngozi zvirwere chinokonzera TB utachiona - mycobacteria. Tiibhii kunoratidzwa paumbwe mumuviri mumwe kana kupfuura foci kuti kuzvimba, izvo zvinogona kuva siyana zvomukati, asi kakawanda chirwere ichi rinokanganisa zvemapapu tishu.

Kokutanga ane chirwere hunhu chirwere ichi chakakomba, chakadai tibhii, kwave vakaratidza muzana remakore rechi19. Izvi zvakawanikwa yakaitwa muna 1882 maererano wokuGermany Robert Koch, uyo tsanangura kwete chete zvose zviri tibhii, asi akazivisawo mhando mycobacteria, ayo chikonzero.

Mycobacterium tibhii, mukusiyana nedzimwe mhando mabhakitiriya, zvikuru akaoma musoro: utachiona ichi chakaisvonaka uye anonzwa ari chando, uye munyika, zviri husingakwanisi acids uye doro. Paradzai Utachiona anogona chete refu kuita pamusoro payo dzakakwirira tembiricha kana kuiisa chlorine tubhokisi zvinhu. Uyewo haashiviriri kuti mycobacteria zvakananga chezuva mhando iyi.

Chinenge mumwe nomumwe wedu ave mwana, kana ari kuyaruka, "kuwana" kubva ezvinhu akasiyana mycobacteria, zvisinei hazvina haakonzeri tibhii. "Simba" bacilli vasingakwanisi kukonzera zvirwere, aigara kukurudzira uye kusimbisa TB kutapata. Kuti immunize womunhu muviri nezvevanakomana zvakananga attenuated mycobacterium zviri kuzivikanwa sezvo BCG (bacilli Calmette-Guerin), izvo zvinoita kuti kusimbisa kudzivirira utachiona "hasha" kupinda muviri iyo kazhinji kunotungamirira kune taisireva.

Chirwere ne mycobacteria "hasha" kazhinji kunobva munhu chirwere kushingaira chirwere, izvo, sneezing, vangakosora uye kunyange kungotaura, anovapavhurira Koch tumiti kumativi. Ndoda chirwere kunoitika apo unoparadza mukaka zvigadzirwa zvinobva pamhuka noutachiona tibhii. Active Kugadzirwa chirwere kazhinji inoitika pamberi zvinhu zvakadai rwakashata Magariro (zvose munzanga uye zvakatipoteredza); kuvapo ane zvirwere utachiona munhu chokuita (gastric urikanwi, chirwere cheshuga, pulmonary chirwere); kushushikana; zvokudya zvinovaka muviri. To yakaipa rutapudzo pamusoro kutapata, uye nokudaro pangozi yokuita tiibhii kukonzera-siyana kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka, udhakwa uye kusvuta.

Saka, chii TB uye sei kukura chirwere ichi? Kamwe ari mumuviri womunhu, tubercle bacillus inoenda chokuti iri zvemapapu, uyewo vari node nodes dzinotanga kuumbika foci kuti kuzvimba. Izvi anonzi chepuraimari tibhii. Nokufamba kwenguva, maronda aya anogona zarubtsovyvatsya, asi mycobacteria zviri mazviri, kazhinji kurichinja kuva rudzi "wakaderera" mamiriro, uye kana une kodzero ezvinhu dzinotanga nokushingaira kuwanda.

Tiibhii - chirwere umo basa chimiro tubercle bacillus neropa uye node anogona kushingaira rakapararira muviri. The chirwere chinogona kukanganisa mapapu, asi dzimwe nhengo uye nyama: mapfupa, ganda, maziso, ura, Urinary hurongwa, meninges. Zvisinei, vanhu vakawanda vari kutomboziva musi, kuti ndiye TB, vakaregeredza fluorography negore uye kuzeza kubaya, uye izvi, uyewo, zvinotungamirira ndechokuti nhamba yevanhu nechirwere ichi chirwere inotyisa, anotora zvakapararira.