Kwouzivi dingindira iri lyric Tyutchev ongororo. F. I. Tyutchev: mashoko ouzivi

The unyanzvi nhaka Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev iduku ndiko chete mabhuku mashomanana uye shanduro dzinenge 50 250 uye mabasa nhetembo yepakutanga, wandei izvo vakatadza. Asi vamwe zvisikwa Munyori uyu ndiwo hunokosha nhetembo kwechokwadi. Kwouzivi hunhu nhetembo Tiutchev zvinobatsira kuti chokwadi kuti kufarira basa rake vachimuvenga zvokutoda kumuponda, nekuti zvinokanganisawo husingaperi dzinotaura. nhetembo idzi, uye kusvikira nhasi yakasiyana mune simba uye kudzika pfungwa, saka haufi.

Tiutchev, mashoko ouzivi chichakurukurwa munyaya ino, sezvo mudetembi kwakasimbiswa kumativi kwezana 1820-1830 wacho. In iyi iri ounyanzvi ounyanzvi ake: "Summer Evening", "hope", "Last dambudziko", "chiratidzo", "Cicero", "Autumn Evening", "tsime remvura" uye vamwe.

General unhu nhetembo

Azadzwa zvikuru pfungwa uye wakazadzwa panguva kusachengeteka kukuru pfungwa dambudziko upenyu, nhetembo Tiutchev runoratidzwa unyanzvi okuti zvose kupokanidzana uye kunzwisisa chokwadi. maonero ake kwouzivi yakaumbwa pasi pokudzora rwokuzvarwa-kwouzivi maonero Schelling. Lyrics Fedor akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya mwoyo. Nature, murume, nyika iri mabasa ake ane kurwisana husingaperi mauto rinopikisa zvakasiyana. Man pachisikirwo chichatadza "dzisakarurama", "tariro" kurwa "wakaora" Zvinotambudza zvakafanorongwa, uye upenyu pachahwo. Kunyanya, mudetembi akakwezvwa mufananidzo mumadutu uye tempests kwomweya womunhu uye nyika. Landscape mifananidzo yake nhetembo akazotevera inopendwa Russian mavara nyika, mukusiyana kune zvaakasika kwokutanga.

Zvinoumba mashoko ouzivi

Pamwe chete E. A. Baratynskim F. I. Tyutchev - mumiririri akakurumbira wenhetembo kwouzivi munyika yedu muzana remakore rechi19. nzira yake rikava unoratidza unhu nhetembo nguva kufamba kubva romanticism kusvikira realism. Fedor tarenda, mudetembi vakatendeukira nechido kunyongana kwaiva kumaruwa masimba upenyu, rakanga pachahwo chinhu zvakasikwa. Kwouzivi nhetembo Tiutchev racho Pfungwa kugutsikana kunoratidzwa kusiyana kunyange kudzika kukuru. nzvimbo Last mune iyi anotora chinangwa tsitsi, iyo inogona kuwanikwa nhetembo akadai "Uyai, Ishe, rangu nomufaro" uye "Misodzi womunhu."

Kusiyana Tiutchev kuti nhetembo

Uise zvishande nemano mitemo yevanhu, zvokukwegura ruzivo kwevanhu, tsananguro yezvakaita, batanidza nayo, mugwenga uye munyoro kuziva zvausingakwanisi rudo - ava zvikonzero kwouzivi nhetembo Tiutchev. Chimwe dingindira - dingindira usingaonekwi uye ita mhirizhonga primordial zvose zvipenyu zvose.

Tiutchev, lyrics ouzivi riri anonakidza, ndiye nevamwe uye yepakutanga nyanduri chaizvoizvo, kana kwete chete munzvimbo yose mabhuku. Izvi zvinokanganisa vose refraction wenhetembo ake. Somuenzaniso, nhetembo "O ouprofita mweya wangu," "O Holy Night", "Night Sky", "Usiku Manzwi", "Upengo", "Masikati Nousiku" uye vamwe nevamwe adzo enhetembo uzivi rwokuzvarwa kuipa, nyonganyonga noupengo. Zvino Zvisaririra rudo, uye tsanangura hunhu zvakazadza ari munyori uyu pfungwa kuti shure izvi zvose yakavanzika chakavanzika, dombo, kutyisa, kunaka hunhu. Naizvozvo kwouzivi pfungwa Fedor nguva dzose zvapararira nokusuruvara, kuyemurwa dombo, achiziva painogumira.

Periodization kuti okugadzira zvinhu Fedora Ivanovicha Tyutcheva

Chidzidzo "kwouzivi nhetembo Tiutchev" chikoro Kazhinji kunotanga periodization basa rake. Nezvazvo, ndizvo zvinotevera zvokukura kukura nhetembo nemunyori.

1st Period - makore 20. Izvi kutanga nguva. Poems pamusoro Fyodor Ivanovich panguva ino kunyanya dzokufungidzira, zvemasanga. Zvisinei, kare mumakore 1820, ari nhetembo ari munyori zvishoma nezvishoma zvapararira pfungwa youzivi. Mukuru wenyaya: kubatanidzwa nomumwe vose - uye uzivi hunhu uye rudo.

2nd nguva - makore 30-40. Panguva ino, Fedor kuramba nyanduri akafunga. Themes zvakasikwa uye norudo vachiri kushanda mubasa rake, asi ivo kuridza vavariro zvinovhiringidza. Ivo vakaratidza namavara siyana uye dzokuAustralia, zvakadai muna nhetembo ari dingindira outorwa ( "Kubva magumo magumo ..." etc.).

3rd nguva - 1850-1860 makore. Pane kudzama mwoyo vavariro izvo kuva tariro uye kujeka nemaonero upenyu.

Tiutchev, lyrics ouzivi iyo yave simba chaizvo, aiziva kuti vakawanda vomuzuva rake, haana hanya, kubudisa mabasa avo. Yokutanga guru boka mabasa ake yakabudiswa tichibatsirwa I. S. Gagarina mu Pushkin kuti "Contemporary" mumakore 1836-37. Rinotevera zvikuru bhuku Runowanzobatanidzwawo chete "Contemporary" yakanga 1854, akagadzira nokubudiswa I. S. Turgenev. 1868 - wokupedzisira yakararama shanduro mabasa. Zvakare, Tiutchev rinobviswa gadziriro yayo, rinotaura mwanakomana wake I. S. Aksakov.

The gangaidzo kunoita unhu zvinhu uye Tiutchev

Munyori uyu haana akanyora Genres umo vanyori akasika mabasa avo nguva yake. Aida zvikuru prose pane nhetembo. Fedor mangwanani akaonga Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo, Turgenev aiva feni.

Vatsvakurudzi Vakawanda youzivi nhetembo Tiutchev. The kunyora nezvenyaya iyi akasika Somuenzaniso, F. midzi. Mubhuku "Tiutchev. Mudetembi-Muzivi" nokutora mashoko Fedor tsamba uye anovaka kwegadziriro maonero ake. Asi nekuti zvakafanana zvinyorwa zvinogona kuwanikwazve uye mumwe akasiyana zvachose vaishora pamaonero. Vanhu vaiziva Tiutchev kuti runako pedyo, akataura kuti akaita kukangaidzika (Wed mashoko I. S. Aksakova, nyanduri tezvara, uye mwanasikana Anna tsamba). Unhu Fedor hwokuratidza duality; iye unotsvaka mumwe, asi panguva imwe chete riri kutya kwayo. Zvinoratidza hunhu munyori, ari dingindira kunyanya kwouzivi uye mashoko arwo Tiutchev.

The simba ezvinhu ari mavambo uye mashoko arwo Tiutchev

Fyodor Ivanovich akaberekwa musi wemunda Ovstug riri Bryansk muruwa, mumhuri yevarombo vabereki. Mumba vabereki vake vakataura French. mai mudetembi rakanga zvokunamata chaizvo, saka iye nokukurumidza akadzidza zvekare matauriro. Education kuti nyanduri yemberi akatungamirirwa S. E. Raicha muMoscow. Murume uyu akanga ari purofesa uye nyanduri mediocre, pasuo Moscow enhetembo boka: Bura, Merzlyakov, Milon. Ivo vanonzi nyanduri yakanaka, nyanzvi, uye mashoko arwo zvavo maonero - ndiko chete chibereko basa rakaoma.

Fedor akatanga kunyora nhetembo mangwanani chaizvo. Early Zvisikwa nyanduri akasikwa muMunich. Akavatuma Russia, uye kubudiswa anthologies rakabudiswa Raich. Doma Tiutchev apo flits pakati tuzvikanganiso vadetembi.

Tiutchev nzvimbo iri mabhuku muitiro

Fedor wakafanana kunze mabhuku, nekuti haisi aiva chero mabhuku mumisasa, handina mubasa gakava.

Karamzin yaitonga kushorwa aisa mberi zvinotevera: nyanduri mudzidzi - nyanduri-nyanzvi. It Tiutchev vaiva kumakwai wokutanga.

Kusiyana vamiririri Moscow denderedzwa, mudetembi mudzidzi anotungamirira murenje upenyu, iye usimbe, imwe ignoramus, vaEpikuro, haafaniri kushumira munhu. "Usimbe" - rokutema kubvisa tsika murume, mu pfungwa marongero ari hwokusika utsanzi.

Fedor anowanzoonekwa kubatanidzwa nemamwe mudetembi Russian - Afanasiem Afanasevichem Fetom. Uye haasi masanga. Uzivi lyric Fet uye Tyutchev zvakawanda zvakafanana. Athanasius Afanasievich - impressionist, nyika yake - nyika pakarepo nemaonero: Rinofembedza, zvinoita, mavara, chiedza, ndokusanganisa kupinda mumwe, mu pfungwa yokuva. Tiutchev kakawanda correlated pamwe Baratynsky nokuda generality zvidzidzo (mashoko ouzivi), asi nyika yake chaitwa kuti kusiyana, terminologichnosti, izvo haasi Fedor Ivanovich.

Tiutchev munyika

Chero zvachose mufananidzo wenyika Tiutchev, kunyanya akasikwa kubudikidza diaries, tsamba, kana kuti kuongorora unyanzvi nhaka yaro, pane zvinodiwa. Fedor inoda gadziriro kuenda kure naye. Horizons wedzerai mashoko ake mawa fungidziro siyana maonero.

Maererano Tynianov, munyori uyu aiva nyanduri ari pfupi chimiro, kusiyana kwavo vamutangira, vadzidzisi (Trediakovskii, Bobrov). Kutaura zvazviri, Fedor zvaanobata European tsika kunyora nhetembo pfupi zvokusarudza uye zvishomanana, chaizvoizvo achiishandura.

Center nemafungiro Nyanduri ndiwo manzwire chokuvapo / asiri kuvapo. Zvino ndima, uye mune zvakanyorwa Fyodor Ivanovich zvakare uye zvakare vakadzokera nyaya fragility woupenyu. Art hurongwa hunobva Nyanduri anosiyanisa kuvapo / pasina chokwadi / maturo pamusoro nzvimbo / nguva.

Sezvataona, Tiutchev anotya kuzvitsaura. Anovenga nzvimbo, achiti kuti "unoparadza isu." Ndokusaka nyanduri zvinodziya anogamuchira njanji, ndivo vakundi ari nzvimbo nokuti.

Panguva iyo pane yakawanda Tiutchev kuti nhetembo vakazvitsaurira nzvimbo. Mumwe wavo - "On musana nzira", akasikwa 1859. In basa iri, mudetembi chipo panguva nenyota upenyu, uye pfungwa yacho fragility, uye Ukuwo - pfungwa yokuparadza. Tiutchev, lyrics ouzivi hakusi nyore, haana kunzwa chaizvo mupenyu. Fedor anoenzanisa unhu hwake imba, ane mahwindo zvakazorwa nesuko.

Sezvo saka, munyori uyu - hwaro zvose. Asi zvinokosha iyi nyaya iri imwe chinhu kuvapo, ayo pakatarisana - achiparadza pachavo kuparadza (rudo, zvakadai somunhu kuzviuraya). In ichi ruremekedzo zvinofadza nhetembo "Twins", wokupedzisira mutsetse iyo - "! Kuzviuraya uye rudo" - dzinobatanidza pfungwa mbiri idzi kupinda chimwe indivisible rose.

In Tiutchev munyika zvakakosha kuva miganhu: mutsetse, mutsetse uye dzinga, uye kuronga. Pfungwa kuparadzwa sechinhu Hurukuro inokosha kuronga zvose "denisevsky" kutenderera, iro rinobatanidza kune rudo uye nouzivi nhetembo Tiutchev.

Pfungwa yokuti "rufu" nokuti nyanduri ari chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda chaizvo. womukati senhetembo Its norudo Tiutchev. Kwouzivi mashoko, nhetembo, yakavakwa pamusoro Asi kunyanya ndiyo yose. Nyika pamiganhu, overlaps. Mumwe stanza rinobatanidza zvose chiedza uye mumvuri. Izvi ndizvo Somuenzaniso, nokuti kutanga nhetembo "Spring Water". Rinoti muminda achiri chando, asi mvura kare ruzha.

Zvinofadza? Lv Pumplyansky Tiutchev vaiona mumiririri bodlerizma. The aesthetic kunaka rufu nhetembo zvinoratidzira "Mal'aria" (mu mushanduro - "utachiona mhepo"). The urongwa chigadzirwa ichi chine kunaka uye zvakanaka: nyika yakanaka (kunhuhwirira Roses, ngwerengwere dzemvura, denga) - iri zvose nyika rufu.

Tiutchev nokuti kuvapo - chinhu kwekanguva nokukurumidza chokwadi, izvo anodzivisa kuparadzwa. Zviri mupfungwa iyi, iri pamukova pakatarisana danda riri yokuti "nguva" sezvo zvose kare - kuti zvose vakafa. Asi pane chinokosha simba - mundangariro (hapana tsaona nhetembo zhinji saka rwakazvitsaurira kwaari). Kwouzivi nhetembo nemabasa Tyutchev chaizvo zvakajeka anovandudza dingindira iri.

The kweshoko okuyeuka ari lyric Tyutchev

To kuyeuka nyanduri Maonero okurwadziwa, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva akasiyana-siyana imperatives: "! Rangarirai" "Rangarirai"! uye nevamwe. Inogona ndimutsidzire kare, asi izvi hazvirevi kuva zvechokwadi. In tsamba nyanduri rataurazve kuti haadi kuti kurangarira, nekuti anofunga kuti kuyeuka hazvisi zvechokwadi. On pakudzoka kwake achibva kuGermany kuRussia pashure makumi makore kusavapo, akasangana neshamwari dzake dzakare, uye iri kudhumhana zivo uye ndangariro vakanga zvinorwadza kuti nyanduri.

Tiutchev ndangariro imwe nyika miviri; Anotyisa uye wokufananidzira panguva imwecheteyo (sezvo chaiye kare kwete zvechokwadi mune chipo).

Chinhu achiri, vachinzwa zvakajeka munhu tinogomera, nokuimba nguva. Kufanana upenyu, rufu runoyerera. Pari, kusimba, uye hakuna kare, nokuti - chete mumvuri. Asi kunyange nhasi anogona anoonekwa somumvuri kare. Saka ichichinja mumvuri chaiye. Being hahugoni kuvapo pasina mumvuri, akati Tiutchev. Kwouzivi mashoko, nhetembo vakazvitsaurira kuna ari (zvikurukuru, "Last dambudziko") - iri rinokosha vavariro upenyu norufu, kwete chete munhu, asi pasi pose. Tiutchev anofembera kuti rimwe zuva achava kuguma zvakasikwa, nyika viomak mvura, izvo zvinoratidza "chiso chaMwari."

Space uye nzvimbo muna nyanduri

Next nguva Fedor Ivanovich pane nzvimbo, asi - ndiwo nguva mune spatial mupfungwa. Izvi chete chenguva marwadzo uye kuwedzera. Pane imwe - zvipfuwo (chinjikira). Zvinofanira kukurira somunhu asina kunaka, Anti munhu, akati Tiutchev. Kwouzivi mashoko inoongorora nzvimbo uye Ukuwo. Kumusoro kusaverengeka nguva dzose chokwadi yaizoongororwa. Asi zvakakosha - the pasi muitiro, sezvo ikoko - kudzama kusaverengeka.

Landscape uye nhetembo kwouzivi Tiutchev ine maitiro ayo. The vaiongorora Nyanduri iri pachena ichingoshora kumakomo uye mapani. Flat nzvimbo kutyisa uye utsinye. Mudetembi kufara kuti pane gomo munyika ( "Paaienda"), nyaya musicality wavo ane nzvimbo unokosha serakavakwa nemunyori.

Kweshoko mu mugwagwa inoshanda Fedora Ivanovicha Tyutcheva

Kwouzivi mashoko F. I. Tyutcheva unosanganisira kweshoko ichi. Muna detembo "The nemudzungairi" mugwagwa sokuti, uye kwete nemadimikira, basa rake "Ndinofarira Service weLutheran" yaizivikanwa pamwe chete nguva: kuwana imwe pfungwa enzira ndiyo chete.

Tiutchev nokuti ose misangano, kugadzwa - ndiko upenyu, uye kuparadzana - rufu. Road unomirira kutarisirwa. Kunyange zvazvo iye chinobatanidza izvi zviviri pfungwa, asi unoparadzanisa kubva pakutanga saka akasarudzwa muna kunaka.

Kwouzivi maitiro nemabasa Tyutchev

Sezvaunogona kuona, nyika Tiutchev ndiko chaizvo kunzwisisa. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti zvakavhiringika. Mukupesana, inobva pakadzika kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro kubatana, akanzwisisa sezvo pamwe uye siyana. Izvi zvinoratidzwa mabasa mazhinji. Somuenzaniso, muna nhetembo "The nemudzungairi" pane pfungwa connectedness (gwai uye Zeus) uye kubatana kusiyana. World, kutamira mufambi, ari chaiwo Zeus. Hazvina akapfuma kusiyana uye chinomiririra kubatana yeimwe apo kusiyana anoumba rimwe rose. Mune dzimwe ndima, zvisinei, kwemapazi vanofungidzirwa negative ane zviratidzo pokuparadzwa ane akafa nyika. Chii rinomiririra kuzara, wakapfuma, panguva imwe chete ikoko uye kuparadza.

Saka, lyrics ouzivi F. I. Tyutcheva Paaiita kuti dzinokosha mashoko dzimwe nguva pakatarisana kukoshesa uye semantics. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe anokosha pfungwa nyanduri uyu ane anoreva zvakawanda. Chero basa Fyodor Ivanovich yakavakwa somunhu achiipa pfungwa, kwete kundoongororwa. Pfungwa rinogona kureva zvose rufu uye upenyu.

uprofita

Musoro ndiwo uprofita inokosha basa Tiutchev raMwari. Asi kunoratidzwa munzira chaiyo. Asi ichi hachisi kufanotaurwa kwechimwe Pushkin kana mubhaibheri muoni - uprofita of Pythia. Pakati paro uye vanhu panofanira kuva murevereri, mune mamwe mazwi mupristi. Saka zvinotora zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope chinzvimbo; iye mupristi, Pythia. Tiutchev dzimwe nguva anopa uprofita kududzira, asi ivo, kufanana yevapristi, kwete zvakawanda, haasi aizvinzwisisa. Muverengi anofanira kufunga vakazvimiririra, kududzira (sapamazuva kare).

Rugare Poetry

For Fedora Ivanovicha Mir - chakavanzika uye nhetembo - haanzwisisiki kaviri. Hazvina chivi, nekuti, maererano munyori, kaviri nyika nechivi. The dambanemazwi anogona kugadziriswa, asi zvinofanira achiri kukwanisa kuita. Zviri Nyanduri - chiratidzo (kureva inonanga zvichishandurwa), kwete vatambi (multi-ukoshi). Kunyange zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti multiplicity tsika. Tiutchev anobvumawo kuti nyika pachayo ine chakavanzika, rine zvarinoreva, kukosha. World mumwe akabvunza. Asi ani? Tora Tiutchev detembo "Kwete kuti crease iwe, hunhu ...". Mumwe anogona kuona kuti zvakasikwa pane pfungwa. Nyika anotaura kwatiri, asi kwete mose waakazvinzwa. Genesis - shoko rakataurwa munhu munhu. Uye vanhu havagoni kunzwisisa mutauro uyu wokudenga, uye kuramba matsi (. "Nature - sphinx ...", zvakanyorwa muna 1869, uye vamwe).

Kwouzivi nhetembo Tiutchev akanga muchidimbu kudzokororwa munyaya ino. Kana Kunyora yaishandiswa zvakawanika Yuriya Lotmana - anozivikanwa mabhuku mutsoropodzi. Unogona kureva mabasa ake uye kutsivira ruzivo rwavo, uye akaona vamwe zviri kwouzivi nhetembo Tiutchev, kwete munyaya ino. Unogona kushandisa kumwewo kuti kudzidza okugadzira zvinhu Fedor, zvakadai sebhuku Irina Ilinichny Kovtunova "Essays pamusoro mutauro Russian vadetembi", apo unogona kuwana chitsauko pamusoro okugadzira zvinhu Tiutchev. Kana kureva rakabudiswa muna 1962 rinonzi "Life uye Basa Tiutchev", rakanyorwa Kirill Vasilyevich Pigareva. Takaedza, kunyange zvishoma asi muchidimbu sezvinobvira kujekesa munhu akapiwa musoro.