Lev Vygotsky: Biography, pikicha zvinhu uye

Mutsindo musayendisiti Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, mabasa makuru ayo vanobatanidzwa yegoridhe pavane nyika wepfungwa, akanga chaizvo muupenyu hwake hupfupi. Akaisa mujinga vamwe pfungwa dzake dzakawanda nekutambira nezvemaitiro pedagogy uye zvepfungwa, vachakamirira kukura. Wepfungwa Lev Vygotsky zvaiva renyeredzi remasayendisiti hunoshamisa Russian, izvo rinobatanidza erudition, kupenya isina mhinduro unyanzvi uye ruzivo rwakadzama yesayenzi.

Family uye Childhood

Lev Vygotsky, ane Biography iri rakatanga mumhuri yakabudirira yechiJudha mutaundi Orsha, akaberekwa musi November 17, 1896. zita rake pakuzvarwa akanga Vygotsky, akachinja kutanga muna 1923. zita raBaba, Simcha, asi nenzira Russian inonzi mbeu. Vabereki Leo vakanga vakadzidza uye vanhu vakapfuma. Amai vangu vaishanda somudzidzisi, baba vake aiva mutengesi. Mhuri Leo aiva wechipiri pavana vasere.

Muna 1897, rimwe kunobatsira kutamira Gomel, apo baba vake vakava mutevedzeri Maneja. Weshumba muduku aiva chaizvo, mai vangu yose nguva inopedzerwa nevana. The imba vana vaikura mukoma Vygodsky-zvikurukuru mukoma David, uyo aiva zvakasimba Revh. House anobatsira yaiva muzinda wetsika apo yomunharaunda intelligentsia vakaungana, vakakurukura tsika nhau uye zviitiko munyika. baba vangu aiva muvambi wokutanga raibhurari muguta, vana kubva pauduku vajaira kuverenga mabhuku akanaka. Zvadaro, mhuri ukabuda shoma kunoshamisa philologists, uye kusiyanisa kubva hama yacho, mumiririri wokuRussia zvetsika, Leo uye kushandura tsamba muzita.

kudzidza

Nokuti vana, mhuri akakokwa munhu kunobatsira mudzidzisi private Solomon Markovich Ashpiz, anozivikanwa nokuda kwake kujairika nzira yokudzidzisa kwakavakirwa "nhaurirano" Socrates. Uyezve, iye akabata mberi enyika nemaonero uye aiva nhengo Social Democratic Party.

Leo yakaumbwa pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu mudzidzisi, uyewo mukoma waDhavhidhi. Kubva pauduku aifarira mabhuku uye uzivi. muzivi waaidisisa Benedict Spinoza vakatanga, uye ichi chitandadzo musayendisiti akatakurwa kuburikidza hwake. Lev Vygotsky adzidza kumba, asi gare gare zvinobudirira vakapfuura kwokunze kuzviongorora kirasi jimunasiyamu wechishanu uye akaenda 6 giredhi Jewish vakomana 'kuchikoro, apo akagamuchira dzidzo yake yechipiri. Leo akadzidza zvakanaka, asi akaramba kugamuchira zvidzidzo private chiLatin, chiGiriki, chiHebheru uye Chirungu pamba.

Muna 1913, iye zvinobudirira kukunda pamukova bvunzo kusvika Moscow University rorusununguko Medicine. Asi iye nokukurumidza akashandurirwa mutemo. Muna 1916, iye akanyora yakawanda wongororo emabhuku nevanyori panguva, nyaya iri tsika uye nhoroondo, zvichiratidza panyaya "wechiJudha". Muna 1917 akasarudza kusiya mutemo uye rinoshandurwa dzimwe enhoroondo-philological mano University pavo. Shanyavsky, uyo akapedza kudzidza papera gore.

pedagogy

Ndapedza kubva yunivhesiti, Lev Vygotsky akanga nechinetso basa. Akanga naamai vake uye munun'una wekutanga akaenda Samara nzvimbo, ipapo uende Kiev, asi muna 1918 vakadzokera Gomel. Uko chinobatanidza kuti pavakwe chikoro chitsva, apo akatanga kudzidzisa Dhavhidhi mukoma wake. Kubva muna 1919 kusvika muna 1923 aishanda muzvikoro vanoverengeka Gomel, uyewo chair ari Board of Education. Dzidziso iyi chiitiko chaiva chikonzero chake mangwanani tsvakurudzo pamusoro nzira simba pamusoro kuchizvarwa chevechiduku.

Iye anongonzwa anopinda mberi kuti nguva pedological nhungamiro, izvo zvinounza pamwe zvepfungwa uye pedagogy. Vygotsky anosika ane experimental rabhoritari muna Gomel kukoreji, iyo yakaumbwa zvepfungwa ake edzidzo. Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich vanoshingaira mutauri panguva Misangano uye rinova zvinoonekwa masayendisiti mumunda itsva. Pashure pokufa musayendisiti rinoshanda matambudziko inotungamirwa unyanzvi uye kurovedza vana, vachakurumidza kubatanidzwa kuva bhuku vanoda "Educational zvepfungwa". Ichava muunganidzwa nyaya pamusoro hanya, aesthetic dzidzo, marudzi kudzidza mwana zvepfungwa uye mudzidzisi unhu.

Matanho mu Science First

Pandaidzidza paUniversity, Lev Vygotsky anofarira mumabhuku kutsoropodza, kubudisa mabasa akawanda pamusoro poetics. basa rake riri kuongorora "Hamlet" by William Shakespeare aiva shoko idzva mumabhuku kuongorora. Zvisinei, hurongwa yesayenzi basa Vygotsky anotanga kuita imwe nzvimbo - panguva mharadzano dzidzo uye zvepfungwa. basa rake akatungamirira experimental rabhoritari, iyo yakava shoko idzva pedology. Kunyange ipapo, Vygotsky akatora kushanda kwendangariro uye nyaya wepfungwa kuti simba pamusoro mudzidzisi racho. mabasa ake vari wataurwa Misangano wandei dzesayenzi, zvakanga inopenya uye akasiyana, zvichiita kuti ave wepfungwa Vygotsky.

Nzira Psychology

Mabasa rokutanga Vygotsky kwakabatana matambudziko dzidzo yevana kanganisika, zvidzidzo izvi vakaisa kwete chete hwaro pakagadzwa Defectology, asiwo kuva mupiro zvakakomba kuti kudzidza dzakakwirira mupfungwa mashandiro uye nepfungwa mapatani. Muna 1923, panguva Congress iri psychoneurology kunoitika yenhamo musangano chinoshamisa wepfungwa AR Luria. Akanga chaizvoizvo Akakunda mashoko Vygotsky uye akatanga kufamba Lev Semenovich muMoscow. Muna 1924 Vygotsky kuti ndishande pahofisi Moscow Institute of Psychology. Saka vakatanga chakajeka, asi pfupi hwake.

zvido dzesayenzi dzaiva akasiyana chaizvo. Aishanda nezvinetso akakodzera panguva reflexology, akaita rakakura kudzidza kuvakuru mupfungwa mashandiro, uye musakanganwe pamusoro ake okutanga rudo - pamusoro pedagogy. Kunyange pashure pokufa musayendisiti achava bhuku iro rinobatanidza makore ake akawanda tsvakurudzo, - ". Psychology okukura evanhu" Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich aiva maitiro zvepfungwa, uye mubhuku rino rine pfungwa dzake pamusoro chinokosha nzira zvepfungwa uye Diagnostics. Kukosha ndiyo chikamu pamusoro mupfungwa dambudziko, yemaguta mubereko 6 hurukuro masayendisiti, umo anogara huru nyaya vakawanda zvepfungwa. Vygotsky haana vanokwanisa kuzivisa zvikuru pfungwa dzavo, asi akazova muvambi wandei kuitika mune zvesayenzi.

Cultural-nhoroondo dzidziso

A kanoda mupfungwa yokuti Vygotsky anofarira tsika-nhoroondo yokuti zviri psyche. Iye muna 1928 zvinoita kwakasimba panguva evanhu kwezvakatipoteredza ndiko kwainyanya pachake kukura. Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, iyo inoshanda pedology chaiyo siyana kusvika, zvakarurama vaidavira kuti mwana ichipfuura nzendo paumbwe psyche, kwete chete zvichikonzerwa zvirongwa zvipenyu, asiwo nedanho kuvandudzika "zvishandiso nepfungwa": tsika, mutauro, chinoita maitiro. Kuziva ikabuda kubatirapamwe uye pakukurukurirana, saka kuti basa tsika kuumba nokuzivikanwa hunokosha. Murume, maererano wepfungwa, chinhu zvachose munzanga, uye kunze vanhu, zhinji pfungwa mabasa hazvigoni kuumbwa.

"Psychology of Art"

Chimwe chinokosha vanoshandura bhuku, razova yakakurumbira Vygotskiy Lev, - "Psychology of Art". In chiedza zvakaitika makore akawanda pashure yemunyori rufu, uye kunyange ipapo akaita guru pfungwa panyika masayendisiti. Impact Its noruzivo vatsvakurudzi akasiyana minda: zvepfungwa, zvemutauro, ethnology, uri nhoroondo, evanhu. The chikuru Pfungwa Vygotsky aiva kuti uri chinhu nzvimbo inokosha Kugadzirwa zhinji pfungwa mashandiro, uye ayo akavamba nokuda yepanyama nzira yemhindumupindu kwevanhu. Art kunokosha raivapo kupona kwevanhu, izvozvo anoita zvakawanda zvinokosha mabasa munzanga uye muupenyu vanhu.

"Ndaifunga uye Speech"

Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, ane mabhuku vachiri dzakakurumbira chaizvo pasi pose, hakuna akanga nguva kubudisa basa rake guru. Bhuku "Ndaifunga uye Speech" kwave kumukira chaiyo iri zvepfungwa nguva yake. Mairi musayendisiti akakwanisa kuita zvakawanda pfungwa kuti pave paya vakanga akagadzira uye mune zvishande sainzi, psycholinguistics, mumagariro zvepfungwa. Vygotsky experimentally akaratidza kuti pfungwa dzevanhu achiumbwa uye vakava chete pakutaura basa. Nenguva mutauro chete uye tiri nzira mutange basa chepfungwa. Akawana stadial hunhu paumbwe pfungwa uye akazivisa pfungwa "dambudziko", iro zvino kushandiswa kwose kwose.

Scientist mupiro kuti sayenzi

Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, ane mabhuku zvino zvaida kuverenga wepfungwa ose, nokuti upenyu hwake pfupi zvikuru zvesayenzi akakwanisa kuita mupiro zvikuru kuti kukura sayenzi anoverengeka. basa rake rava pakati dzimwe ongororo, kuti riwedzere kuti paumbwe psychoneurology, psycholinguistics, zvishande zvepfungwa. Its pfungwa tsika uye nhoroondo pfungwa ndiyo nheyo chikoro yose zvesayenzi wepfungwa kuti vakawanda vachishingaira akatanga kukudziridza muzana remakore rechi21.

Hazvibviri dzinorerutsa mupiro Vygotsky, kukura zvezvipfuwo defectology, uye zvepfungwa edzidzo. Vazhinji mabasa ake nhasi chete kuwana Kukoshesa kwavo kwechokwadi uye kubudirira munhau Russian zvepfungwa zvino nzvimbo rukudzo anotora zita sezvo Lev Vygotsky. Books musayendisiti nhasi nguva ikazobudiswazve, rakabudiswa drafts ayo yokunyora nokudhirowa, ari kuongorora izvo zvinoratidza sei simba uye yepakutanga vaiva nepfungwa dzake uye urongwa.

Vadzidzi Vygotsky ndivo kuzvikudza National zvepfungwa, uye fruitfully dzichiri pfungwa dzake pachake. Muna 2002 akabudisa bhuku musayendisiti "Psychology", dzakanga akabatanidza tsvakurudzo yaro inokosha inokosha matavi nesayenzi, akadai mukuru, zvemagariro, kurapwa, zvepfungwa, uye Makuriro zvepfungwa. Nhasi, Tutorial iri nechepasi yose nyika kumayunivhesiti.

upenyu Personal

Kufanana musayendisiti, Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, zvepfungwa nokuti razova nyaya upenyu, nguva yake akapa basa. Asi muna Gomel akazviratidza achida mwenga uye gare gare mukadzi - Rose Noevna Smekhova. The peya akararama upenyu pfupi pamwe - makore chete 10 okuberekwa, asi zvakanga muchato unofadza. Vaviri aiva nevanasikana vaviri; Gita uye Asya. Vose vakava masayendisiti, Gita Lvovna - kwepfungwa uye chiremba, Asya L. - zvipenyu. Vakaramba mupfungwa hwedzinza nyanzvi uye muzukuru - Elena Evgenevna Kravtsova, uyo zvino misoro Institute of Psychology zita sekuru vake.

End of Road

Back mukutanga 1920s Lev Vygotsky netibhii. Akava chinokonzera rufu rwake muna 1934. Musayendisiti kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva uye vakaramba kushanda pazuva rokupedzisira roupenyu hwake akati: ". Ndakagadzirira" Mumakore okupedzisira oupenyu wepfungwa vakanga kuoma wakanaka afoot makore akapoteredza basa rake. Kwaaizoita udzvanyiriri uye kutambudzwa, saka rufu akamutendera kudzivisa kusungwa, uye akachengeta mhuri yake kubva zvaisarudza.