Albert Schweitzer: Biography, mabhuku, akatorwa

Mutsindo humanist, muzivi uye chiremba Albert Shveytser hwake hwose akaratidza muenzaniso kushandira vanhu. Aiva-chinja unhu, mubasa mumhanzi, sainzi, dzidziso. Biography yake izere kunonakidza chokwadi uye inotora mashoko kubva mumabhuku Schweitzer anorayiridza uye aphoristic.

Early upenyu uye mhuri

Albert Schweitzer akaberekerwa mumhuri yechitendero January 14, 1875. baba vake aiva mufundisi, mai vake - mwanasikana mufundisi wacho. Kubva achiri muduku, Albert akaenda basa mukereke Lutheran uye kwoupenyu hwose rudo nyore Netsika bazi ichi chiKristu. Mhuri vaiva nevana vana, Albert akanga wechipiri mumutsetse mwana uye mwanakomana mukuru. Ake muduku akanga apedza mutaundi duku Gyunsbahe. In netsamba dzake, yaiva nguva inofadza zvikuru. At 6 makore akatumirwa kuchikoro, uye isu hatigoni kutaura kuti zvaifadzawo naye. Kuchikoro, akadzidza isina, nokuti mukuru kubudirira iye kubudirira mune mumhanzi. Mhuri yave zvikuru yaiti panyaya dzechitendero, baba vake akaudza vana nyaya chiKristu, ose Sunday, Albert akaenda upenyu hwababa vake. Vachiri zera akanga mibvunzo yakawanda pamusoro musimboti chitendero.

mhuri Albert akanga tsika kwete chete zvikuru zvechitendero asiwo mimhanzi. sekuru vake haana chete mufundisi, asi airidza nhengo, iye akasika zviridzwa. Schweitzer muverengwe anozivikanwa yapedyo vakazochinja anonzi J.-P. Sartre.

inotungamirwa

Albert chikatsiviwa zvikoro zvinoverengeka kusvikira ari kusekondari Mühlhausen, apo akasangana mudzidzisi "yavo", akakwanisa afuridzire mukomana kuti kurovedza zvakakomba. Uye mwedzi mishomanana Schweitzer wekupedzisira vadzidzi wokutanga. Iye makore okudzidza chesekondari akaramba zvakanyatsorongwa kudzidza zvemimhanzi pasi kutarisira tete uyo akararama. Iyewo akatanga kuverenga zvakawanda, kuti chido yakaramba naye zvose hwake.

Muna 1893, pashure pokupedza kudzidza pachikoro chesekondari, Schweitzer anopinda University of muStrasbourg, vakambotya ichatonga zvine mbiri. Pano, masayendisiti vechiduku vakawanda vakaperekedza waunotarisira zveBhaibheri. Albert anoenda zvakananga mano maviri: yebhaibheri nouzivi, uyewo kunopinda kosi zvokuimba dzidziso. Schweitzer asingagoni kubhadhara dzidzo, bhezari chaaida. Kuti uderedze nguva yokudzidza, akaenda somuzvipiri muhondo, yakapa mukana kuwana dhigirii munguva pfupi.

Muna 1898, Albert kudzidza yunivhesiti, iye sowakajeka akapfuura bvunzo kuti akapiwa rinokosha bhezari kwenguva 6 makore. Nokuti ichi anosungwa kudzivirira kunyora nhoroondo kana vachava kudzokera mari. Iye rinotanga chido pakudzidza Kant kwakaita uzivi iri paYunivhesiti Paris Sorbonne uye gore akazopiwa doctorate ake, achinyora kwakajeka basa. Gore rakatevera akatsigira chinyorwa chake philosophy, uye gare gare vakagamuchira zita licentiate dzechitendero.

Nzira nhatu mirayiridzo

Pashure kuwana dhigirii pamberi Schweitzer anovhura mikana yakanaka sayenzi uye kudzidzisa. Asi Albert anotora nedivi sarudzo. Akava mufundisi. Muna 1901 akabudisa bhuku rokutanga iri yebhaibheri Schweitzer: bhuku nezvoupenyu hwaJesu, basa Kwokupedzisira.

Muna 1903, Albert akagamuchira nzvimbo purofesa wezvechitendero panguva College of St. Thomas, papera gore akava mutungamiriri tsika. Panguva imwe chete, Schweitzer anoramba kuita kwesainzi uye kuri kuva nyanzvi huru J. Bach. Asi Albert panguva tarenda basa iri akaramba kufunga chii asina akazadzisa chinangwa chawo. Kunyange pazera 21, waakapikira kuti kusvika makore 30, achaita riitwe dzidziso, nziyo, sainzi, uye anotanga kuti kushumira vanhu. Aidavira kuti zvose muupenyu agamuchira kurayira kudzokera kunyika.

mushonga

Muna 1905, Albert akanga averenga nyaya pepanhau pamusoro chii kwazvo Africa chinoshaikwa vanachiremba, uye pakarepo akatora chisarudzo chinokosha muupenyu hwake. Iye akasiya basa panguva kukoreji uye akapinda College of Medicine, wepaYunivhesiti muStrasbourg. Kubhadhara muripo, aishingaira anopa nhego Concerts. Saka Albert Schweitzer, ane Biography ari kuchinja zvinoshamisa, anotanga "kushandira vanhu." Ake Muna 1911 iye kudzidza kukoreji uye vakananga kuna nzira yake itsva.

Upenyu zvakanaka vamwe

Muna 1913 Albert Schweitzer akaenda Africa kuti sangano muchipatara. Akanga usingashandi zvinoreva kuti pave mishoni kuti akapa sangano mumishinari. Schweitzer aifanira kupinda chikwereti kuti kuwana kanenge risingamboshandisi iine zvakakodzera michina. Kudiwa okurapwa muna Lambarene akanga huru, sezvakanga vashoma makore okutanga, Albert akagamuchira varwere 2000.

Muna 1917, panguva World War First, Schweitzer akatuma ave mugari Germany, musasa French. Uye pashure pehondo akanga makore 7 rakamanikidzwa kuramba muEurope. Iye aishanda muStrasbourg muchipatara, kubhadhara zvikwereti kuti basa uye achiunganidza mari nokuda resumption basa muna Africa, achipa nhego Concerts.

Muna 1924, akakwanisa kudzoka kuna Lambaréné, akawana matongo muchipatara pachinzvimbo. Ndaifanira kutanga zvose pamusoro zvakare. Zvishoma nezvishoma kuitwa Schweitzer chipatara yakaoma kwava musha wose zvivako 70. Albert akaedza kuhwina chivimbo zvizvarwa zvemo, saka muchipatara yakaoma yakavakwa maererano nenhungamiro munharaunda. Nguva basa iri muchipatara Schweitzer aifanira Alternate pamwe nguva European, panguva yaakanga zvokuita, akapa Concerts uye akamutsa mari.

Muna 1959 iye vakagara zvachose muna Lambaréné, izvozvo vakatama kudzokera vafambi uye vanozvipira. Schweitzer akararama upenyu hurefu uye akafa makore 90 muAfrica. Pfungwa upenyu hwake, chipatara, akapfuura mwanasikana wake.

uzivi

Panguva First World War uye Schweitzer anotanga kufunga nheyo upenyu zvetsika. Zvishoma nezvishoma, pamusoro pemakore anoverengeka, iye formulates ake pfungwa pachake youzivi. Ethics inobva kumusoro kwokugamuchirwa uye kururamisira, zviri musimboti wezvose, maererano Albert Schweitzer. "Culture uye Ethics" - basa umo muzivi rinotaura kunzwisisa yake inokosha Unorudzi nyika. Anotenda kuti nyika nechido chokuita mberi kuti vanhu anofanira kuramba kuzviisa pasi uye dzakaora "ndimutsidzire" wechokwadi munhu "Ini", nzira bedzi yokukunda dambudziko, umo yazvino budiriro. Schweitzer, zvechitendero zvikuru murume, haana mhosva munhu, asi chete kumbozvidemba uye akaedza kubatsira.

Books A. Schweitzer

Muupenyu hwake, Albert Schweitzer akanyora mabhuku. Pakati pavo vane mabasa mumhanzi dzidziso, uzivi, nezvetsika, anthropology. mabasa mazhinji chose kuti rondedzero yakanaka youpenyu hwevanhu. Akanga aona izvozvo vari kurambwa hondo uye kuvaka nzanga iri chokuita nenheyo kudyidzana kwevanhu.

Huru musimboti iyo yakazivisa Albert Schweitzer. "Kuremekedza Upenyu" Uchapupu yakatanga inorondedzerwa mubhuku "Culture uye Ethics", uye gare gare kakawanda akatsanangura mune mamwe mabasa. It iri chokwadi kuti munhu anofanira kuedza kuzvidzora kuvandudzika uye kuzvinyima, uyewo vava "kuramba kufunganya basa." anonzi pachake akava unoshamisa muenzaniso woupenyu maererano musimboti ichi. Mumakore ake upenyu Schweitzer akanyora mabasa uye vakawanda nyaya uye hurukuro dzinopfuura 30. Zvino tinoziva kuti vakawanda mabasa ake akadai:

• "Uzivi Mutsika" muna 2 muzvikamu;
• "ChiKristu uye World Religions";
• "Chitendero mu Contemporary Culture"
• "Rugare munyika nhasi."

chinokudza

Humanist Albert Schweitzer, ane mabhuku zvichiri kukosheswa muenzaniso "tsika yemberi", kwete kamwe Akagamuchira dzakawanda mibayiro uye mibayiro, izvo nguva dzose aipedza zvinonakira muchipatara uye African vanhu. Asi chinonyanya kukosha mibayiro ake ndiwo Nobel Peace Prize, yaakanga apiwa muna 1953. Iye akamubvumira kuenda kutsvaka mari uye omerera kutarisira varwere muAfrica. Award akavakazve aibata varwere vari Gabon maperembudzi nyuchi makore akawanda. Muhurukuro yake panguva Nobel Prize awarding Schweitzer akadana vanhu kuti varege kurwa, kuti kurega zvombo zvenyukireya uye pfungwa kuwana munhu.

Mashoko uye prices

Albert Schweitzer, akatorwa uye mashoko izvo varipo yetsika Chirongwa, yakawanda achifunga mugumo womunhu uye sei kuti nyika nani. Akati: "zivo yangu tariro, uye kutenda - netariro." Izvi zvakamubatsira kuti ave zvinhu sezvazviri. Aidavira kuti "muenzaniso pachake - iyi ndiyo nzira chete rokunyengetedza," uye upenyu hwake kuti vabvume vanhu kudiwa tsitsi uye mutoro.

upenyu Personal

Albert Schweitzer akanga akaroora. Nomudzimai wake akasangana muna 1903. Akava shamwari yakatendeka wake muushumiri hwake kuvanhu. Elena kudzidza ukoti makosi uye vakashanda pamwe Schweitzer muchipatara. Vaviri aiva mwanasikana, Rena, uyo akaramba basa vabereki.