Lifecycle Fern: danho, nhanho kutevedzana uye tsananguro

Ferns akazviratidza Pasi makore akawanda apfuura. Kare zvaigoneka kusangana sango muti ferns. To musi, miti makuru akadaro inoramba kwazvo duku. Ferns kuva decoration uye indoor. Vane akanaka uye vane mwero, unogona kushandiswa kugadzira nharaunda. Plants vari Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka uye anonakidza.

Legends of Fern

Fern - chechienzi chirimwa. With chitarisiko chake wakakodzera imwe ngano zhinji dzakanaka. On mumwe wavo, muti zvinobva mwarikadzi rudo - Venus, akadonha bvudzi rake kamwe, umo akakura ferns.

The yakakurumbira ngano - yezvechitendero kuti maruva Fern. Rinotaura kuti, kana chirimwa ruva uye muone, munhu asati azarura chakavanzika sei kuwana pfuma musi Ivana Kupala usiku. Zvisinei, kana kuongorora zvinova pachena kuti ngano dzinogona chinozoiswa chokwadi, nokuti Fern ane upenyu kutenderera hapana zvokukura maruva.

The yepamusorosoro uye ezasi mapoka zvinomera

Plants akakamurwa okumusoro mapoka. Vakasiyana pakati pachavo dzinogarisana. Yepamusorosoro miti "kunze" panyika uye vanopedza hwavo upenyu kunoita panyika. zvirimwa ava ferns. In pano zvinomera kupa kupesana yakajeka iri mudzi, chokumisa uye shizha.

Zvisinei, mumwe anogona zvechokwadi anotaura kuti ferns vakatama zvachose kubva hwemvura nzvimbo, sezvo muitiro wavo kubereka zvinobatanidzwa uye wakasununguka-kurarama gametophyte zvakakodzera kuti pakusangana dzisingaoneki kunogona chete kuvapo nenzira aqueous svikiro.

chitarisiko

Kubva sezvakarayirwa ferns vakapararira pasi pose. Vane kwokunze yakasiyana chimiro mashizha, zvakatipoteredza vane mwero, pamwe chikuru rudo nyoro ivhu.

Fern ane midzi, chokumisa uye mashizha. Mbeu akanga asina. On yomukati divi jira nechepasi vari akarongwa pouches spores, sporangia. Fern Mashizha vanonzi "frond", havana kufanana nezvimwe zvirimwa mashizha. Vanotarisira sokunge nhungirwa shoma akaisa mundege imwe uye dzakabatana hunde. ruvara wavo anogona anosiyana kubva chiedza rwegirini kune rima girini.

Fern, dzakakudzingai midzi kuchibva webwe, uye Sorus induzii apo SORUS - svinga sporangia, induziya - outgrowth chakatodzana amburera anofukidza SORUS.

Ichitanga dzakakwirira miti upenyu

Huripo panyika, chirimwa chimwe nechimwe anoenderera munzira yake. The kutenderera upenyu imwe Fern - kufamba matangiro akaita upenyu zvizere kuibvisa iri chirimwa, anokwanisa kupa upenyu hutsva. The kutenderera ine zvikamu zviviri: pabonde uye asexual. maitikiro izvi takatsunga poocherednost zvizvarwa, richiwanika Via imwe gametes - pabonde, wechipiri - kushandisa spores - sexless.

Kubatanidzwa nomumwe, gametes vanoumba diploid zygote, izvo zvinoita kuti pave chizvarwa chitsva asexual. In asexual chizvarwa kubereka kunoitika kuburikidza spores. Haploid spores kukonzera kurara chizvarwa. Mumwe kumarudzi nguva dzose akavamba pamusoro pomumwe, uye inoumba chikamu chirimwa upenyu yatinofema.

Nzendo upenyu kutenderera munhu Fern

Nokuti chidzoke vaduku rostochku itsva inoda matanho akawanda. The kutenderera upenyu Fern - the raora vose maitikiro, kubva matangiro upenyu uye anopera Kukura chokutambudzika, kana chirimwa yave kupa kuti pave noupenyu hutsva. The kutenderera anotyisa hunhu.

Fern lifecycle rwakazara yakarongwa zvinotevera urongwa:

• Gakava.
• Gametophyte (zarostok).
• The zai, urume.
• Zygote.
• Mudumbu.
• Young chirimwa.

Kana muzvikamu zvose makazadziswa, wechiduku chirimwa, kukudziridza uye kusimbisa, achakwanisa kudzokorora izvi kunoita kuti runotevera anoberekwa.

Asexual uye zvepabonde Danho iri maberekero kwacho

Fern - pamusana asexual chizvarwa. Funga kutevedzana upenyu kutenderera munhu Fern.

Kuti upenyu hutsva muna mbesa akura anofanira kuonekwa pamusoro neizvi divi jira spore SACS, izvo zvichaita kuti achikura spores. Kana spores zvaibva, bhegi dzinoputika uye vachawa kubva kusawirirana pasi. Pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu mhepo, ivo kuwarira kwakasiyana-siyana uye neZvapupu rakaorera imere. Danho iri rinokosha zvikuru, nokuti pasina izvozvo chirimwa vasingagoni kunge ariko. Tichava otrostochek - gametophyte - dzepabonde chizvarwa Fern. Maumbirwe kwayo sokunge mwoyo. mwoyo ichi ane pasi matete shinda - rhizoids, uyo wanamatira ivhu. Zarostok zvepabonde nevarume uyewo nevakadzi Fern pairi zvidiki pouches: mune rimwe zai vakura mune dzimwe - urume. Muchangosangana kunoitika nemvura.

Sezvo zarostochek vashomashoma uye ane chairwo chimiro zvakadaro, izvozvo zvinobatsira kuti anonoke zvikasabudiswa kuti vasanaiwa nemvura uye wavharirwa naye nechepasi. With dzisingaoneki ichi vanogona kushambira kuti zai uye mupfudze. Somugumisiro, pane kamuri itsva - zygote, umo embryo aumbwa sporophyte - asexual pamusana chizvarwa chitsva. musimboti ichi vanosanganisira haustoria kuti ayo chitarisiko chakafanana rutsoka, inokura kupinda zarostok, uye yokutanga nguva anoshandisa nayo zvinodiwa kuti ikure zvinhu. Kwapera nguva, pane shizha embryo, unova kutanga Fern rokutanga.

Nokudaro, koshesa asexual chizvarwa, unopa upenyu chizvarwa chitsva uye makuru uye refu-vakararama zvinomera, uye zvepabonde ishoma uye makasimba unooma muupenyu kunoita munhu Fern. Muchiitiko chino, zvakakodzera kuti muchangosangana.

Kubereka vana ferns kumba

Ferns - dzinonakidza uye yapakuvamba zvirimwa. Naizvozvo, vanowanzoororwa mubasa kurimwa mumba. Kuti Fern upenyu hwaive akanga zvachose uye kuwana chirimwa chitsva, zvakakodzera imere nharo. Adult shizha Fern, iyo yakabuda masaga kusawirirana - mashava anorovera, akagura uye akaisa pepa bhegi. pasuru iyi kuchengeta rimwe zuva muna noushamwari nzvimbo, nokudzungudza neapo.

Nepo kusawirirana ripen uye vachawa, musanganiswa yakagadzirirwa kudyara. Tora steamed musanganiswa peat chikwindi, mutema, jecha, anonzi akawedzera kune yakapwanyika marasha, zvose izvi wabviswa zvienzane zvikuru. The wakagadzirira muvhenganiswa rakagadzirwa isina kudzika hari kutsikirira uye humidified.

Kuibva uye wawa spores kubviswa bhegi ugodira takagadzirira pamusoro. Nokuti kumera kusika akanaka ezvinhu:

• Temperature mamiriro: 25 Celsius ndiye Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri.
• Ramba dzakakwirira mwando.
• Kufukidza makate girazi.

Mwisai nehari kubva sprinkler. Kana unodiridza prothallia kubhadhara vainyatsotarisirwa, nekuti ndiye zvakazosunungurwa kukura nezvinomera zvinogoneka chete pamberi ane aqueous unosvikirwa, apo muchangosangana kunoitika.

Panongotanga wokutanga mashizha kuonekwa, kuchenesa girazi. Ipapo vanopiwa zvishoma nguva kujairana zvakatipoteredza uye svetuka mugomba. Kana mashizha kutanga kukura zvishoma, pakutanga vakaramba pachando greenhouses uye ipapo usimwe nomumwe hari. Saka kuwana miriwo vaduku itsva akagadzirira akure zvakare.

Schematically kuratidzwa lifecycle

Nechepakati chirimwa kupararira mumatanho akawanda. rutsigiro schematic mumagazini ino pachii zvakajeka uye nani nomusoro. Funga huripo Fern upenyu inaye, ane zano iri pasi apa:

1. Adult chirimwa, anokwanisa kupa upenyu hutsva.

2. Fern mashizha kuonekwa nharo.

3. ripen spore SACS.

4. homwe watsemuka, ivo spores kuwa.

5. vadanana kupesana kunosimbiswa uye inokura.

6. Kuvakwa zarostok kuti vachishandisa-rhizoid tambo dzakabatana pasi.

7. Parizvino utachiona masero vechirume: archegonium uye antheridia:

• Female sikarudzi ane zai.
• Male nhengo dzokubereka nadzo dzine dzisingaoneki.
• Muchangosangana zvinogoneka chete kuderera mvura.
• Urume kushambira kuti mazai uye kuwana mukati, muchangosangana kunoitika.

8. Iwe kugamuchira zai - zygote. Kubva zygote aumba sporophyte - young shizha.

9. Tanga kukura kwako itsva zvirimwa duku.

Muna dhayagiramu rinoratidza zvakajeka upenyu ichitanga woga.

upfumi kukosha

Fern basa muupenyu hwomunhu haasi wakanyanyisa kukura. Siyana nephrolepis - kwakajairika kamuri ornamentals. Webwe Dryopteris vamwe vakashandisa nevakawanda sezvo mitema zvinoriumba maruva nziyo. Hunde dzacho muti ferns vari dzinopisa, kuvaka zvinhu, uye muna Hawaii, avo starchy moyo kudyiwa.

mhedziso

Saka taidzidza upenyu kutenderera chirimwa. Muchava kuvazivisa Somuenzaniso, panguva ipi upenyu kutenderera ferns mu embryo rinooneka. Izvi mwando-rudo zvirimwa, pasina mvura yavo kubereka hazviiti. Ivo dzakapararira munyika yose, panguva imwe chete yokuti hwake kusarudza nzvimbo dzakakwirira mwando.

Kune vanenge 10,000 mhando ferns. Vane somushonga, decoration, mumaruva.

Pakaberekwa wechidiki chirimwa hunotanga upenyu kutenderera kunosanganisira pabonde uye asexual zvizvarwa. Rudzi Sexual - nayo zarostok, iduku chaizvo uye pfupi, uye akaonekwa wechiduku simba kwenguva refu chirimwa - iri asexual chizvarwa. Muupenyu kutenderera chinokurira Fern sporophyte danho.

Saka, chikuru chizvarwa Fern - asexual, saka hunopararira, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda dzezvepabonde chizvarwa hazvibviri.