Mapoka ehove uye mamiriro avo

Hove - vertebrates vanogadzira mvura ufuridzire pamwe gills. Munyika kwavo, kune vanopfuura zviuru 3 marudzi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vakatanga vakasvika panyika, achipa kukonzera mhuka munyika. Ndezvipi zvidzidzo uye mapoka hove varipo? Sei vakasiyana mumwe? Iyo yokuzviparadzanisa zvinoreva sunfish - panonyanyisa hove munyika? Mibvunzo yose iyi isu achapindura munyaya ino.

The akasiyana hove?

Hove - chinhu chinokosha zvinhu zvipenyu zvakawanda uye zvinokosha vechikamu chuma zvokudya. Vari rinoparadzirwa munyika, vaigara munyu uye mvura yakachena kubva mumakungwa kusvika YOMUMAKOMO makungwa, riri pane imwe nekukwirira vanopfuura 6 makiromita.

Vazhinji vanopedza mumvura upenyu, saka mukuru kufema midziyo navo ndivo gills. mapoka akawanda hove vane vamiririri vanogona kubuda kwechinguva pfupi pamusoro pemvura (mudskipper, Anabas, kubhururuka hove). Vamwe kunyange kuva mamwe kufema nhengo - mapapu (lungfish - protopterus, kweQueensland Lungfish, etc ...).

Anenge kugara upenyu pemvura hove akabvunza ne chaiwo namano. integument dzavo dzokunze akapa chikero - mahwendefa dentin kana gaonina Kosmin, izvo seari pane mumwe akafanana usina kukonekita.

Vanotanga tichibatsirwa zvimbi uye mitumbi kuderedza muviri wavo ane streamlined chimiro. hove zhinji ipapo kushambira dundira. Nokuchinja kumanikidza, izvozvo zvinoita kuti kutwasuka fambisa mhuka mumvura, uye anovabatsira kugara imwe kudzika.

kupatsanura hove

Hove - boka chordates, umo akataura zvidzidzo. In zvinyorwa siyana nhamba diverges. Kazhinji vanenge akakamurwa shwashwa uye mapfupa. Dzimwe hove mhou kumira kunze ave superclass, uye mukati maro chinosiyanisa makirasi Ray-finned uye akafukidza.

Mapoka ose cartilaginous hove - mumwe Chimaera, katranooobraznye, rajiformes, angelfish, mnogozhabernye, lamnooobraznye uye shamwari. Dzinokwana vanenge 13, uye zvakasiyana mhando Sharks, mwaranzi uye chimaeras.

Marangwanda hove chakagadzirwa shwashwa. Panguva stingrays uye Sharks gills Musafukidza pachifunhiro charo, uye dzisina slits. Swim dundira vasipo, kuti zvinoita kuti nguva iri kufamba, zvimwe ivo ruchawira pasi. Kwezvimwe regai mazai uye tinobereka mhenyu pakuberekwa.

Mapoka kirasi mhou nehove vawanda. Sezvo zita rinoreva, marangwanda wavo akaita mapfupa. Gills tiri chikamu marangwanda, vari rinoumbwa petals uye Stamens, uye musoro akafukidzwa lids.

Munyaya chete kunyora zvose mapoka hove hazvibviri, saka pano tichava kutsanangura kupfuura zvinofadza uye yakakurumbira kwavari.

Perciformes

Kudeuka hove yokuzviparadzanisa, inotaura vanenge zviuru 7-8 marudzi. Vazhinji vavo vane hove. The chikuru chepfungwa hove kukupfura Perciformes - ctenoid pachikero. Its micheto havasi mvere, asi rakakamurwa clove duku zhinji. The pectoral zvimbi dziri pazasi mubhokisi, uye chikamu TOUR zvimbi ikava minzwa.

Perciformes siyana chaizvo mumakuriro azvo. Dzimwe vanosvika chete masendimita mashomanana (lyutsionsky mistihtis), apo vamwe vachikura mamita 3 (bluefin Tuna). Vamiririri Typical vari mackerel, bullhead, knot, Tuna, gourami, swordfish. Asi haazi groupers kwavari, uye nhengo hurongwa scorpaeniformes.

chimera

Chimaera hove yokuzviparadzanisa ane wandei quirky kutarira. muviri ravo elongated uye zvakasimba kujekesa kuti bichevidnomu muswe. Pamberi maviri dorsal zvimbi chinhu munzwa kuti zvinogona kuvanzwa mudanga kuseri.

Uta hwevanhu yakarodzwa uye ane mativi chimiro. Nokuti mamwe marudzi, zvinonzi unoratidzwa zvakasimba, uye anoyeuka proboscis. Muromo riri pasi. The pectoral zvimbi makuru uye yakaita imwe bapiro.

Kauhukuva mungashambira zvishoma nezvishoma, "dzinodzengerera" mumuviri mvura. Ichi hove pasi-achigara kuti kurarama panguva huru pakadzika kana pemvura shoals. Ivo inowanikwa Indian, Atlantic uye Pacific mumakungwa. Rora mazai shelving.

Sturgeon

Maererano mamiriro Sturgeon kugara ane zvenguva nzvimbo pakati cartilaginous uye mhou mauto hove. Kazhinji vanopinda mukirasi pfupa lucheporyh hove uye subclass hryaschekostnyh. Izvi zvinosanganisira beluga, zvose zvamarudzi ose Sturgeon, kaluga, Sturgeon, uye zvichingodaro. D.

marangwanda yavo chakagadzirwa shwashwa, rine Chord uye haisi divisible maererano vertebrae. muviri hove iri elongated uye zvinenge zvakazara mitsara mashanu makuru mapfupa matete, pakati iyo flakes zviduku. Muromo riri pasi. Pamberi pake muri barbels mana, kuridza basa kubata nhengo.

Sturgeon vagere nzizi nemakungwa of Northern Hemisphere. Hove kwavari zvakajairika chaizvo, kunyanya inoremekedzwa caviar. Chinhu hove rakanaka hombe. Beluga Somuenzaniso, kusvika 4-9 metres, Sturgeon - 6 mamita.

Tetraodontiformes

chikwata ichi zvinosanganisira mhou nehove pamusoro mhuka 250. Ruzhinji vamiririri kujairika chimiro muviri: .. idenderedzwa, flattened Disc serin'i, cubic, etc. Muromo hove iri kazhinji duku, yokumusoro shaya pfupa zvakasimba kuvharwa. Panzvimbo zvatinosiita zviyero, mitumbi yavo akafukidza spines kana tsono diki.

Ivo vanogara inodziya yomugungwa mvura pedyo neequator, vachisarudza havo nekorari kumboongororwa. Vamiririri Mutsindo muri hove-urchin, sunfish, yellow boxfish uye nevamwe. Sunfish - panonyanyisa hove munyika. uremu rawo pfuura matani 20. It ane dhisiki serin'i, flattened laterally uye dzakasvikira 2 metres dhayamita.

flatfish

Flatfish - sandara hove, akayangarara norutivi rwayo. Vanovata kudivi rimwe, saka meso avo vanoiswa rimwe divi chete. Ruvara kazhinji pedyo mavara pegungwa. Izvi kudikanwa masking, nokuti zvinenge zvose hove yokuzviparadzanisa uye zvikara uchidzidza crustaceans, mollusks uye nehove diki.

Ivo vanogara gungwa kubva dzinopisa kusvikira vakadzikama zvikamu, kurarama kazhinji pedyo pasi. Hove vanosarudza mvura shoma, mutsa mhando nyore kushambira kupinda estuaries. Izvi zvinosanganisira seflounder, halibut, waAminadhabhi. Kukura duku vamiririri 7-8 masendimita, chikuru - vanenge 5 mamita.

Clupeiformes

Clupeiformes anomiririra mumwe kupfuura chinyakare mapoka mapfupa hove. muviri wavo flattened zvishoma akafukidza chikero Semi-tenderera chimiro. The dehenya ine vazhinji shwashwa hove. The kupenya pakati zvimbi vari chaizvo nyoro, zvichiita yokuzviparadzanisa anowanzonzi "myagkoporye". By yokuzviparadzanisa anorondedzera menheden Atlantic herring reBaltic, Pacific, sardine, sprat, anchovies, herring, sprat.

hove Ava chaizvo siyana mararamiro, vazhinji vanokwanisa kuita nguva akatama. Ivo akaparadzirwa kwose nyanza zvenyika, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa munzvimbo uye subtropical munzvimbo. Polar nharaunda inogarwa mhuka mashomanana, vamwe kurarama nemvura yakachena. Ruzhinji ndohwaJehovha pelagic hove - kurarama okumusoro akaturikidzana penyanza.

muramba

Kujairika dzinomiririra hove mhou - muramba kukupfura. Nokuda refu, kumakumi mumuviri, vanogona kuvhiringidzwa nenyoka. Zvisinei, muviri hauna kujekesa kuti muramba wacho muswe uye vasingawanzotauri kunyange flattened laterally.

Vanotanga meanders. Pelvic zvimbi nehove imomo, tsoziva uye pachikero. The ganda rokufukidza madzihwa. Kufanana nyoka, vangava mbabvu, uye kusvikira akatevedzana 300 ari vertebrae. Most uturu muramba uye vari nezvikara. Kunyanya makuru kwemarudzi (hofori moray eels), kunyange kurwisa the reef uye ingwe Sharks.

Ichi hove dzegungwa, achisarudza mvura inodziya. Ndivo marudzi akasiyana moray eels uye muramba. The chete mhuri Freshwater - anguillidae. Yavanogara mumvura kuti ndezvaJehovha mikombe yeAtlantic, Pacific uye Indian Ocean.

pfumbu shaki

Pakati ose Sharks, chinonyanya dzakawanda ndiye yokuzviparadzanisa karharidnye kana pfumbu shark. Zvinosanganisira zvinopfuura 250 marudzi, kusanganisira rehove, hammerhead, ingwe, sirika, nzombe rehove, uye zvichingodaro. Nhengo D. Its inokurukurwa pakati pavagere megungwa kupfuura ngozi. Ivo akakunda yakawanda vanotambura.

Yavanogara kumahombekombe dzinodengenyeka yamakungwa inopisa, subtropical uye unozvidzora zvikamu. Hove tichingotarisira kutamira, ipapo pamudyandigere kwakadzika penyanza, ipapo kushambira ari mumvura isina kudzika. Kwezvimwe kuoneka uye mumvura yakachena.

Gray Sharks vane majoko mashanu dakashwa slits, vaviri dorsal uye mumwe nekunobuda netsvina zenze. Ivo rora kana mazai, kana mhenyu kubereka.

Vane muromo guru, riri nechepasi uye yakagadzirwa chinoshanda mberi. Vamwe Sharks, zvinonzi vakagumisa zvakasimba (mu nzombe shaki). A dzakananga mhando hammerhead shark. yakagadzirwa wavo flattened kumusoro uye upamhi hwazvo mumativi, nowenyika nokuveza mucheto sando. Chokutanga dorsal zenze iri curved chairatidzika jeko renyu.