Zarostok Fern sokunge chii? Wakadiniko anoita Fern zarostok (mufananidzo)

Ferns ndaona mumwe nomumwe wedu. herbaceous izvi zvinomera zviri rinoparadzirwa mune unozvidzora mapazi. Uye chii akaita zarostok Fern? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu inogona kuwanikwa nyaya yedu.

General zvechadenga dhipatimendi

Fern muri vamiriri dzakakwirira spore zvinomera. Ndiyo kutanga nyika zvinomera, izvo maererano anotevera zvinhu dzinoratidzwa:

• Chimiro munyama izvi uye nhengo;
• Manyoro upenyu siyana;
• chokuwanziridza pachishandiswa asexual kubereka masero - spores;
• alternation zvizvarwa muupenyu yatinofema.

Kubva mhuka ano, kunze ferns, ichi boka enderana rinosanganisira mosses, tsvimbo mosses uye horsetails. zvirimwa zvose izvi pabonde uye asexual chizvarwa ndiyo nzira yakasiyana wokuberekana uye morphological zvinhu. Saka, Fern sporophyte chinhu vachiwaridza chirimwa. Izvi chizvarwa asexual. Asi gametophyte - zarostok Fern, ane zvakasiyana chaizvo chimiro.

Features lifecycle

Asexual chizvarwa chirimwa ferns rinoumbwa mumidzi uye matavi. Pamusoro pemvura, tinogona kuona mukomboni mashizha chete. Iye pachake vakapukunyuka mutates uye anovandudza pevhu. Inonzi rhizome. Nechokunze, mamiriro ichi chaizvoizvo fananei chinhu pachivande nenyere. Asi rhizome ari kupukunyuka, nokuti ine internodes, nodes uye itsvo.

Musi underside kuti Fern anoenda akashama ziso unogona kuona chiduku shava anorovera. It sporangia, umo masero vari inoumbwa asexual kubereka. Kana kuibva, vanogumburwa mu ivhu nyoro. Ikoko vanokura, pova zarostok Fern. maumbirwo ichi ane zvakasiyana chaizvo mhando - flat girini ndiro. Dimensions prothallia vashomashoma - millimeters mashoma. Naizvozvo, kusiyanisa navo makobvu kavha makwenzi miti yakaoma chaizvo.

Kworudzii Fern ndiye zarostok

Pasinei nemaziso kukura, marongerwo uye kushanda padariro chirimwa kukura vari kunzwisisa. In mufananidzo prothallia Fern kunyatsoona kuti zviri Virtual aparadzane miti asexual chizvarwa. Advantageously, ine akaita somwoyo fomu Wavy kumicheto. In pakati ndiro riri guru. Kumicheto chete wokutanga wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose, translucent zvishoma.

Zarostok Fern ane chimiro hwendefa akaita somwoyo, pasi ayo vakaumba rhizoids batana tufts. Kubva Midzi izvi, zvivako izvi akasiyana tisina tishu. Zvinosanganisira masero izvo ikashandiswa anatomically, asi chimwe nechimwe mitambo iyi yoga. Rhizoids aite kushanda aida substrate gametophyte.

Essential nokuti kukura sporophyte ndiko prothallia masero ane chlorophyll. Izvi zvinopa inofanira photosynthesis uye Kuwanikwa zvakafanira Organic zvinhu vaite miriwo asexual kubereka, iro rine kukura zvaitoshamisa.

gametophyte budiriro

Fern spores kutanga chete ivhu nyoro. kuparadzirwa yavo zvinoitwa mvura, mhepo, zvipembenene neshiri. Somugumisiro, kumera kuti spores akaumba ndiro. In yayo muchinjikwa-sectional kukura haawanzotauri rinosvika 3 mm. Zarostok Fern vasiyana pasi achishandisa rhizoids, iyo inopa zvakare mamwe simba miti.

Pasi divi mamiriro ichi vari vakaronga sikarudzi - gametangia. zvivako izvi zvinhu nemaziso kukura, riri nyore kunyange kufungidzira. Ivo vari marudzi maviri. Varume vanonzi antheridia. Ivo vachiyaruka dzisingaoneki. Izvi utachiona masero kuti flagella. Asi kufamba dzisingaoneki zvinogoneka chete pamberi mvura. Naizvozvo, kuvapo mwando chinhu chinodiwa kuti muitiro wekusangana mune spore zvose zvinomera. Female pabonde nhengo dzinonzi archegonium. Vari inoumbwa yakamisirwa zai.

For ferns dzinoratidzwa muchinjikwa muchangosangana. Izvi imhaka yokuti antheridium kuibvisa uye archegonia zvinoitika panguva dzakasiyana. Naizvozvo, Fusion pamusoro gametes kazhinji kunoitika pakati nhungirwa siyana.

sporophyte

Of zai hwapedyo asexual chizvarwa chirimwa, riri koshesa muupenyu kutenderera Fern. Inonzi sporophyte. Kana zarostok Fern ane chimiro ndiro, asexual Zera iri herbaceous chirimwa. It ane pevhu kutiza dzakachinjwa - rhizome. Nekuti vegetative Mafundo dzinongoda payo mashizha kutanga. Ndivo nezvezvikwata zviviri. Young mashizha vanonzi webwe. Ndivo spirally nepasipo uye akangosikwa predpobegami. Fern Vakakura kunosiya yakaoma, vaizvambarara.

Pakati pabonde uye asexual rudzi Fern pane imwe inokosha musiyano. Zarostok Fern ane rhizoids uye sporophyte - adventitious midzi.

yekare mhando

Modern Fern zvinomera kusiyana kwazvakaita zvakakwana. Vose spore, boka iri kupfuura vazhinji. Izvi imhaka yavo pakukura marongerwo. Panguva ino pachikuva, mune zvinopfuura 10,000 marudzi.

Asi ferns vekare akasiyana zvachose nechitarisiko. Parainge asvika kunyanya vari Carboniferous munguva. Nepo muti ferns vanosvika 40 metres kureba. Raishamisa, noupamhi hunde dzacho dzavo. Yakanga 2 mamita.

The chidzoke zvinomera izvi panyika Mikoko kudzokera Paleozoic yaitonga. Nokufamba shanduka, vava zvizvarwa kubvira pakutanga nyika miti - Rhyniophyta. Rakanga mamiriyoni 400 apfuura. ferns Ancient vakava yakatotsakatika nokuda mamiriro ekunze. Ndivo nheyo inokosha mafuta zvicherwa - marasha.

Saka, munyaya ino takazoziva kuti mhando Fern zarostok - gametophyte. Hazvina wakanaka roga ndiro zvakasvibirira. Zviri dzepabonde chizvarwa ferns. Zarostok yakatanga oga kubva asexual chizvarwa miti anogona photosynthesis, ane rhizoids. It yakatanga pabonde kubereka nhengo umo gametes vari aumba. Somugumisiro Fusion kwavo uye mberi kwemashoko zygote aumba sporophyte Fern rine vachiwaridza chivako.