Diethyl Eteri - kushandiswa mune zvokurapa

Esters pakati - kuzvitsinhanisa zvibereko rehydrogen atomu rimwe hydroxyl boka iri alcohols kana phenols kabhoni yakakura R: R1-O-R2. Diethyl Eteri - the nzira H3C-O-CH3. Nokuti kwese Ester isomerism yeHydrocarbon nengetani uye metamerism. Wokutanga mhando isomerism yakafanira mapazi yeHydrocarbon cheni. Metamerism - mhando isomerism umo maviri kana kupfuura Ester zvakafanana samolecular payakavakirwa, asi samolecular yakasiyana chimiro, nokuda dzakasiyana radicals kumativi maviri yakachena "zambuko".

Diethyl Eta: kuwana

Ethers vakagadzirira zvokugadzirwa nevanhu (zvakasikwa havasi kuitika mune akasununguka state). To synthesize esters inogona kushandiswa nenzira dzakawanda: kuti kupera mvura mumuviri kuti alcohols kushandisa chicherwa acids, alcoholates kudzorera pamwe halogen alkyl. Dimethyl uye methyl ethyl esters vari gaseous mamiriro, rinotevera shoma vamiririri - zvinogadzirisa, yakakwirira - nezvishoma. Esters kuti taita soluble nemvura asi nyore mune zvinoita zvokufembedzwa, uye paavhareji vamiririri (diethyl Ether, dipropyl neEteri, uye propyl) - kwazvo zvinoita zvokufembedzwa. ehupfumi zvokunyama vavo zvinosiyana zvichienderana samolecular uremu. Diethyl Eteri akapora hwakakanyiwa ane doro, chloroform, benzene, Eteri, uye mafuta anonhuwirira. Kana kukanganisa Ester okuchengetera zvinhu zviri yakaumbwa muna putika uye chepfu yeimwe - hydroperoxides.

Diethyl Eteri inoshandiswa mukurapa. Rinoshandiswa kuti inhalation yokutindivadza. Izvi mhando iri dzinoratidzwa raidudzwa yokutindivadza excitation danho (yakakura cardiac basa, kunowedzera vascular matauriro, kusashanda catecholamine excretion, wevasungwa kuti shuga muropa kunowedzera, pyruvic asidhi uye lactate, ndiye chinovatadzisa secretory uye gwenya kushanda zvomudumbu turakiti). Tapota ziva kuti kana uchishandisa izvi mhando raEta yokutindivadza kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma, zviri chaizvo Kazhinji zvakakosha kuti vachengete simba asina kuzvironga uye motokari basa. A vakawanda yokutindivadza ine chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda zvainoita muviri womunhu (tsandanyama, unonyaradza marwadzo uye marwadzo).

Local Action Ester akaratidza sezvo kweiyi tsinga harinzwi naro murwere ruchiramba kutonhora maturo. Panyaya iyi, dzimwe nguva rinoshandiswa mukati gwenya waidzora gastric motility, uye subcutaneous - nokuti excitation pamusoro dzepanguva kufema uye kuvandudza kufamba kweropa. Inhalation peya Ester kutsvinyira Airways kuti hunokonzera wokutanga dzepanguva chinovhiringidza kufema, zvino Activate ari secretion pamusoro Árbol mumasero. Kokutanga nokuda inhalation rufimbi diethyl Eteri Raishandiswa hunoshamisa Russian chiremba ARMENIA Pirogov, muvambi munda kuvhiyiwa, panguva Crimean War (1853-1856 gg.).

Diethyl Eteri iri nyore kunyura mucous membranes ari kufema turakiti, asi yokutindivadza wakakwana kunouya pashure pane pamwe chloroform. Marwadzo mugumisiro kwakaratidzwa chete inhalation pakati 5-8% ethyl neEteri mhute uye azere yokutindivadza kunoitika mukati maminitsi 30 inhalation 10% of musanganiswa. Marwadzo mugumisiro zvinodhaka riri wevasungwa inobva 110 kusvika 150 MG chete 100 ml ropa, kufema rutivi rwomuviri ndepana nechepakati 200 MG / 100 ml ropa. Total toxicity Eteri asingakoshi. Chisinga- kubva yokutindivadza kunoitika pashure 20-40 maminitsi pashure kumira inhalation raEta, asi kune zvakajairika muviri anouya maawa mashomanana. Kunopiwa kufema turakiti Eteri netsvo. Inenge 50% of yaipedzerwa yabudiswa mumuviri panguva yokutanga 30-60 maminitsi mushure yokutindivadza. Zvinofanira akati kuti vamwe zvibereko hydrolysis pakati diethyl Eteri zvinogona vemunyika mune triglycerides uye mamwe lipids kuti mazuva anoverengeka.