Hwemvura nzvimbo

Utachiona zvakatipoteredza mhenyu iri kuramba pachena kuti dzakasiyana-siyana kuchinja zvinhu. Utachiona vanokwanisa kuratidza zvakatipoteredza parameters. Nokufamba enhoroondo kukura zvipenyu vave kugona nzvimbo nhatu. Water - wokutanga navo. Muupenyu hwake yakatanga uye kumhuka mamiriyoni emakore. Ground-mhepo - svikiro wechipiri, iyo yakabuda uye akachinja zvinomera uye mhuka. Zvishoma nezvishoma tichichinja lithosphere, inova pamusoro wokutanga munyika, ivo akasika pasi, ndokuva dzinogarisana wechitatu.

Mumwe mhando hove kuti kurarama neimwe ezvinhu, dzinoratidzwa mhando simba uye muviri, kuchengetedzwa izvo zvinokosha muupenyu kukura. Kana mamiriro kwezvakatipoteredza, kutyisidzira muviri kusaenzana hwesimba muviri uye fuma, muviri kana kuchinja nzvimbo yayo muchadenga, kana anoisa pacharo mu nani. ezvinhu, kana kuchinja zvokutsinhanisa basa.

hwemvura nzvimbo

Havasi zvinhu zvose kuita nerechiHebheru basa muupenyu hwemvura zvipenyu. Maererano nenheyo iyi inogona rakakamurwa nesekondari. Anokosha vavo - ndiko zvemaziso uye simba maitiro pegungwa ivhu uye mvura, tembiricha, chiedza weighted ukaparadzawo mumvura uye dzimwe zvinhu.

Zvinhu aqueous svikiro

Hwemvura dzinogarisana, yainzi hydrosphere, zvinotora kusvika 71% yose nyika. Vhoriyamu mvura vanenge mabhiriyoni 1,46. Cube. ? km. Izvi, 95% - ndiyo munyanza. mvura yakachena ine glacial (85%), uye pasi pevhu (14%). Lakes, madziva, reservoirs, marshes, nzizi nehova kugara zvishoma kupfuura 0,6% of zvachose uwandu mvura yakachena, iri 0.35% hwevhu uye mhepo yakapoteredza vapor.

The aqueous dzinogarisana ine 150 zviuru zvipenyu (izvo 7% zvose zvipenyu Earth) uye 10 zviuru kwemarudzi zvinomera (8%).

Munzvimbo neequator uye dzinopisa zvikamu zvenyika mhuka uye anosima zvikuru siyana. Kure kubva munyika dzine izvi kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba nechokugedhi Qualitative Zvinoumba hwemvura zvipenyu kuri kuva varombo. World Ocean zvinenge zviri dzichiitika ainyanya pedyo nemahombekombe. Upenyu kushanda ndisipo akazaruka mumvura, iri kure kumahombekombe.

mvura ehupfumi

The ehupfumi mvura mumuviri kuona anokosha zvipenyu mairi. Pakati pavo, pakutanga kwezvose, zvinokosha chafariz ehupfumi. Izvi zvinosanganisira huru kupisa kukwanisa, pasi chafariz conductivity, yakakwirira Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa kupisa kwemvura uye utsotso, kuwedzera pfuma vasati kuoma nechando.

Water - kwazvo solvent. The ichiputswa wehurumende vatengi zvose Sechipanji inorganic uye Organic zvinhu. The aqueous dzinogarisana hwezvekukurukurirana kutakurwa zvinhu mukati mumuviri, kudzikisirana zvigadzirwa vari nevamwe mvura.

Yakakwirira pamusoro Makakatanwa pamusoro mvura iri rakaramba pamusoro pemvura zvinhu zvipenyu nezvisiri zvipenyu zvinhu, uye inoita capillaries, nokudaro pano zvirimwa zvokudya.

Water pachena kunoita photosynthesis panguva huru pakadzika.

Environmental mapoka Utachiona aqueous svikiro

• Benthos - ndiwo zvinenge kuti vasiyana pasi, avete pariri kana kurarama mukati merima sediments (phytobenthos, zoobenthos uye Bakteriobentos).
• Periphyton - mhuka uye zvinomera zviri kurerekera kana ichiitwa kuti madzinde mashizha miti kana chero hukawanika vanomuka pamusoro nechepasi uye akayangarara rwizi mvura pasi.
• Plankton - free-zvinoyangarara chirimwa kana mhuka Utachiona.
• Nekton - vachishingaira kushambira zvinenge ane streamlined muviri chimiro, isina chokuita pasi (Squid, hove, hove huru, pinnipeds, etc.).
• Neuston - tupukanana tusingaoneki, zvinomera uye mhuka kurarama mvura pamusoro pakati mvura uye mhepo runyararo. Izvi Mabhakitiriya, majemusi, algae, mazana.
• Pleuston - hydrobiont zvishomanana nemvura pamwe pamusoro pemvura. It sailboats siphonophores, duckweed uye arthropods.

Rivers anonzi potamobiontami vagari.

Hwemvura dzinogarisana kunoratidzwa chairwo ezvinhu muupenyu. Kuparadzira zvipenyu ari hombe simba tembiricha, chiedza, mvura aibuda, kumanikidzwa, ichiputswa magasi, uye munyu dzaro. Kurarama mamiriro Marine uye Continental mvura akasiyana chaizvo. Yomugungwa zvakawanda zvakanaka mamiriro ezvinhu pedyo vasiri mhinduro. mvura Continental avo vanogara vari zvishoma zvakanaka.