Transnistria guta: Tiraspol, Bendery, Rybnitsa. Dnestr Moldavian Republic

Munyika yanhasi, havasi kudaro shoma harimboonekwi kana zvishoma zvinozivikanwa inoti. Pakati pavo ndiko, uye Transnistria. nyika iyi zviduku ine mubvunzo chinzvimbo, riri kumaodzanyemba-nechokumabvazuva Europe. Nyaya ino ichakubatsira kuziva izvo maguta ndezvaMwari Transnistria, uyewo nehurukuro nezvavo zvakawanda dzinonakidza.

Transnistria: nhoroondo pfupi pamusoro harimboonekwi mamiriro

Transnistria (pamutemo Pridnestrovie, mu rakapfupikiswa - TMR) - rakamanikana kanyika munyika pakati Dniester uye Ukraine. De jure, kundima izvi ndezvaJehovha Republic of Moldova. De facto pane kuzvipira dare, asi haana kuzivikanwa vomunyika dzakawanda zvokuvhoterwa, izvo akataura ayo rusununguko muna 1990. Nhasi zvinhu pamwe Transnistrian nharaunda iri Classified mune zvematongerwo enyika European munharaunda se "akachengetwa kurwisana".

Nzvimbo wepanguva Transnistria duku kunyange hunofananidzwa vakasiyana Moldova (pfuurei 4000 sq. Km). Mukati zvokuvhoterwa musha vanhu vanenge 500,000 (kubva nhamba iyi, vanenge 70% mumaguta munzvimbo). The kwemadzinza Urongwa vanacho hunodzorwa vanhu vatatu: vokuMoldova, Ukrainians uye Russian.

The Nhaka hwenyika Soviet, kuti TMR akagashira inoverengeka guru maindasitiri mabhizimisi. Pakati pavo - Moldavian GRES, metallurgia uye Whitehead Textile mafekitari, cognac fekitari. maguta makuru Transnistria kuti takashandisa kuchinjanisa pamwe European Union. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvose zviri kugadzirwa munyika, kunoratidzwa Made muMoldova chiratidzo.

Pakapera yedu nyaya pfupi pamusoro Pridnestrovie zvimwe zvinofadza zvinenge ichi miganhu inotungamirwa:

• PMR - nyika chete munyika, mureza uye dzokurwa maoko unoratidza huru Soviet unhu (sando, jeko uye shanu-rwakavakwa nyeredzi);
• Transnistria ane nevamiririri venyika nevamwe harimboonekwi chinoda maviri - Abkhazia uye South Ossetia;
• guta Transdniestria akasiyana neatness, tidiness uye rucheno, iyo kazhinji zvichienzaniswa Belarus;
• ari Transnistrian muguta Bender akafa Ivan Mazepa, pano muna 1710, mumwe Ukrainian Hetman Kuvshinov Orlik akapa kuruzhinji wokutanga remitemo European;
• maviri maguta kupfuura nyika (Bender uye Tiraspol) rinobatanidza rimwe vashoma Europe intercity trolleybus bazi kureba 13 makiromita;
• Transnistria ane mahofisi rebato rezvematongerwo enyika "United Russia";
• Transnistrian Ruble muna 2012-2015 zvakazivikanwa sendarama akasimba mari Soviet Union.

Nyaya imwe hondo

Kuparara Soviet Union yakatowedzera separatist kufamba uye nesimba rakawedzerwa chakakonzera anoverengeka kusawirirana munyika dzakasiyana-siyana eumambo hwacho. Mumwe izvi inopisa makwapa aiva kuruboshwe kumahombekombe Dniester.

Mukutanga kuma1990 yakawedzera zvikuru kurwisana pakati richangobva akaita nezviremera zvomuMoldova uye Transnistrian nomenklatura. Transnistrians ndisingadi kuva chikamu Moldova, Vachitya rapprochement pamwe Romania.

Makakatanwa yakapinda chehupenyu yakazaruka muchiuto kunetsana muchirimo 1992. Muna March, Moldova akasarudza kudzorera simba simba rake pamusoro kwokupandukira rworuboshwe kumahombekombe Dniester. Zvisinei, kurutivi Pridnestrovians vaiva chikamu rechi14 Russian Army, uyewo varindi pakati Armed Forces rweUkraine. Naizvozvo, kuti asimbise kudzora Transdnestr Moldavians hwakatadza, uye rwizi Dniester nokukurumidza akava mutsetse mberi.

Mugumo hondo iyi yaiva kurwiwa kuti guta Bendery. Muna July 1992, mapoka nezvombo Pridnestrovians zvinotsigirwa Matangi Russian akayambuka Dniester uye midzi Bender. Mumigwagwa yeguta vakatanga kuponda chaiyo, dzikavauraya 600 vanhu upenyu. Pashure muhondo iyi, mapato vakatanga kutsvaka nzira rugare kugarwa makakatanwa, uye pakupedzisira dzakasaina chibvumirano runyararo muMoscow.

Kazhinji, muna Transnistrian kurwisana akauraya vanhu vanoda kusvika 1,200.

Transnistria guta

PMR administrative ndima rakakamurwa 5 maruwa. Mukati harimboonekwi mamiriro, pane 8 Maguta (akarongwa kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba):

• Kamenka;
• Rybnitsa;
• Dubossary;
• Grigoriopol;
• guta Tiraspol;
• Bender;
• Slobozia;
• Dnestrovsk muganhu guta.

Transnistria riri dzinoverengeka nharo ndima uye Dual chinzvimbo. Kune avo vanosanganisira dzimwe misha (Cosnita, Parata, Dorotcaia and said.), Maruwa Varnitsa Bender uye kugarwa Korzhevo muna Dubossary.

Zvinenge guru - guta Tiraspol

Transnistria, uyewo mimwe nyika, ane pachake guta rayo. Iri ndiro guta Tiraspol. Kunyange zvazvo munhu ane nzvimbo post-Soviet Zvakaoma chaizvo kufungidzira guta guru rine vanhu 130 zviuru vanhu. Kunyange zvakadaro, "Capital" Runonzwika. Yakanyarara dzematunhu mumigwagwa Tiraspol akasiyana nevamwe kuoma, uye vanonzwa "mudzimu nesimba" hombe paruzhinji zvivako, kunyange harimboonekwi.

In Tiraspol ndivo hurumende uye Parliament PMR. Uyezve, guta rinokosha zvenhau netsika muzinda Transnistria uye kwete chete yose Moldova.

Kubva Greek zita anoshandura Tiraspol riri nyore chaizvo uye akajeka - ". Guta riri Dniester" Iye zvechokwadi riri kuruboshwe pamahombekombe makurusa Eastern rwizi European, nhanhatu chete chete kubva kumuganhu pamwe Ukraine. The guta rakaumbwa muna 1792. Panguva ino kuti pano Suvorov akatanga kuvaka nhare. Muna 1806 Tiraspol akava weruwa muzinda chikamu Kherson dunhu, uye pakati mbiri dzenyika, uye nguva kushanyira muzinda Moldavian ASSR.

Modern Tiraspol zvikuru unofadza. centre Its achifara utsanana, neatness, rakafara menzira, akashambidzika ruva mibhedha uye vakawanda zvisingawanzoitiki (Soviet) zvicherwa zvakawanwa.

Wokukwezva vashanyi guru TMR wedzeredzei. Kune vaya zvinosanganisira chivako yekare (mukupera XVIII remakore), kuti Cathedral of Wokuzvarwa kwaKristu (2000), kwezvokufuka uye vachivhaira Council House, yakavakwa muna 50s. Uyezve, vashanyi vanoda pandaishanyira Tiraspol, rechimanjemanje mitambo kunzwisisa "SHERIFF", iro ane nzvimbo yakakura nharaunda 65 hectares.

Bender - the nzvimbo muguta Transnistria

maguta mashoma anogona pamusoro Transnistria kuramba kushanya evashanyi vanobva pedo uye kure kure. Bender - mumwe wevaya. Kana vafambi uye kusarudza kuenda PMR, muguta rino vanodana mu zvakakodzera.

City Bender - wechipiri kukura uye Vagari reRepublic. Uye rokutanga uwandu nhoroondo uye mapurani sezvivako. Pakati peguta munhu anogona kuona zvakawanda ezvivako XIX-XX emakore. Asi chikuru nzvimbo kukwezvana muna Bender chinhu Turkish nhare yekare uye zvakanaka zvichengeteke. Nenzira, chikamu wenhare unongoramba ari kushanda reuto.

Pamwe chete zvetsika mapurani Zvivako muna Bendery chaizvo "Zvivako" ari 1992 hondo. Somuenzaniso, vanorohwa shrapnel masvingo City Hall vakasarudza kudzorera. Kungoda hondo dzinogona kuonekwa nhasi pamadziro ayo.

Ribnita - maindasitiri nechepakati Transnistria

In kuchamhembe, harimboonekwi nyika, yakapoteredzwa anoyevedza Podolsk Upland guta vakaparadzira Ribnita. Transnistria kwayo maindasitiri kunzwisisa simba kunonyanya kukonzerwa kunyatsoreva guta rino. Ribnita anopa pamusoro hafu kwemari iri bhajeti iri TMR, uyewo vanenge 60% kuti Belarus 'ekisipoti. Kune makambani akasiyana pamusoro 400.

In mashoko ushanyi guta riri kunyanya kuoneka. Vomunharaunda zvinokwezva - hombe-pamwero Victory Memorial Cathedral Arhangela Mihaila (the pakukura TMR), uyewo kwazvo (pa munhoroondo ukoshi) kumakuva. Chimwe chikuru Ribnita vanogona kutaurwa vakasiya cableway (maindasitiri), zvinobudirira uchigara pamusoro Dniester.

Kamenka - dzisina parera rimwe Transnistria

Kana musoro nzvimbo mecca of Republic kodzero ndezvevanhu Bender, kuti "guta guru kuzvivaraidza" of harimboonekwi mamiriro anogona zvakachengeteka kunzi guta Kamenka. Transnistria anogona zvechokwadi kuzvirumbidza yokuzororera yakanaka, iyo yave kuzivikanwa kubvira 1870s. City Kamenka iri kwazvo kuchamhembe PMR, panguva confluence of Dniester rwizi zvakafanana zita. Pano akaumba rakasiyana okunze: dzine mabwe, anenge muhomba yakachengeteka chiteshi guta kubva mhepo inotonhora, ichipa Transnistrian uyai refu yechirimo uye zvakarurama nepakati muchando.

In Kamenka musha vanhu 9.000 chete. Nheyo yeko upfumi - zviri mumaruwa uye dzisina zvivako. Guta rine vakawanda vakakurumbira munyika pachipatara pacho "Dniester", akagadzirirwa kuti mawa kuzoita vanhu 450. Uye Kamenka inozivikanwa ayo mazambiringa anonhuwira uye zvinonaka uye, naizvozvo, mumwe waini yakanaka.

Dnestrovsk - simba mumwoyo zvokuvhoterwa

Dnestrovsk guta raiva munzvimbo yokunyanyisa kumaodzanyemba PMR, pedyo napedyo kumuganhu Ukrainian. Zviri pano kuti kupfuura simba chirimwa munyika. The nemagetsi pano, kunyange iri aivigirwa (kuna Moldova uye Ukraine).

By tsaona, Moldavian GRES muna 1964 zvakanzi yakavakwa kuruboshwe kumahombekombe erwizi. Kana ichi vasina zvaitika, rusununguko zvoupfumi ari breakaway zvokuvhoterwa yaizova zvino mubvunzo guru. Nhasi, guta musha vanenge 10 zviuru vanhu. A guru chikamu Dniester yevanhu inoshanda panguva yomunharaunda simba chirimwa.