Schrödinger dzidziso: tsananguro, features, uye kushandisa kuedza

Nyaya iyi anotsanangura dzidziso Schrödinger. Mupiro nyanzvi huru iri sayenzi yemazuva, uye vakarondedzera kwavari tega pfungwa yetsvakurudzo pamusoro katsi. Muchidimbu delineate kukura kwebasa yezivo mhando iyi.

Erwin Schrödinger

Chirevo katsi kuti kana mupenyu kana akafa zvino akunde kwose kwose. About naye kuita mafirimu ari kukudzwa kwake inonzi nharaunda pamusoro wefizikisi nemhuka, pane kunyange kupiswa nguo. Asi vakawanda zvinorevei gangaidzo pamwe anotambudzika katsi. Asi pamusoro muvambi waro, Erwin Schrödinger, vanowanzoona kukanganwa. Akaberekerwa kuVienna, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva chikamu Austria-Hungary. Aiva mwanakomana vakadzidza zvikuru uye akapfuma mhuri. baba vake, Rudolf, yakabereka linoleum uye paakapiwa mu kusanganisira zvesayenzi. mai vake rakanga mwanasikana kemisiti, uye Erwin kazhinji vakaenda kuteerera ake sekuru hurukuro Academy.

Sezvo mumwe vanambuya ari musayendisiti aiva Englishwoman, kubva pauduku aifarira mitauro uye nyanzvi Chirungu. Hazvishamisi Schrödinger chikoro nerimwe gore raiva wepamusoro mukirasi, uye yunivhesiti akabvunza mibvunzo yakaoma. Zvesayenzi, pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri ava kutozivikanwa kusabvumirana pakati zvikuru pachena dzekare wefizikisi uye mufambiro micro- uye Nano-inoramba. Kugadzirisa kupokanidzana kuti simuka, uye vachikushira zvose mauto Erwin Schrödinger.

Mupiro nesainzi

Chokutanga, ngationei kuti yefizikisi mubasa dzakawanda nesayenzi. Zvisinei, kana tichiti "Schrödinger pfungwa", isu kunoreva haana akavasika ndiyo tsananguro tetepa akarongeka ari ruvara, uye mupiro kuna quantum makanika. Panguva iyoyo, mabikirwo, kuedza uye dzidziso somukombe. Dzakasimukira mufananidzo, wokutanga spectra, vawana Chiitiko kuti radioactivity akanyorwa. Vatsvakurudzi vaya vakagamuchira zvabuda kuti rakada nevanhukadzi theorists: vakabvumirana, mukwanisi mumwe, nharo. Created zvitsva zvikoro uye matavi nesayenzi. World muchinangwa mavara akasiyana chaizvo, uye vanhu vakagamuchira Puzzles itsva. Pasinei kunzwisisa kwakaita kwemasvomhu midziyo kutsanangura chii dzidziso Schroedinger, nyore mutauro sezvinobvira.

The quantum nyika - zviri nyore!

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti rapanzvimbo zvinhu rine zvakananga kukanganisa nemigumisiro. Zvinoonekwa neziso zvinhu kuteerera nyaya dzekare wefizikisi. Dzidziso Schrödinger rinoshanda kune mitumbi kukura imwe zana zana nanometers zvichidzika. Asi kupfuura zvose zviri zvose pamusoro wacho maatomu nezvimedu duku. Saka chimwe nechimwe chinhu microsystems panguva ine zvivako zvose PARTICIPLE wave (chinozunguzirwa PARTICIPLE duality). Kubva zvokunyama nyika kuti maerekitironi, protons, neutrons, uye zvichingodaro. N. tinoberekwa uremu ndokurondedzera inertia, velocity, kumhanyisa. Kubva yokungotaura chinozunguzirwa - parameters zvakadai kakawanda uye resonance. Kuti tinzwisise sei zvinokwanisika kuti panguva, uye nei haagoni kuparadzaniswa mumwe, masayendisiti vanofanira kudzokorora mukuru pfungwa dzose maumbirwo yacho.

Dzidziso Schrödinger chinoreva kuti mathematically, zvivako izvi vaviri zvakabatana kuburikidza kuvaka inonzi chinozunguzirwa chaitika. Kuwana tsananguro kwemasvomhu kuti pfungwa iyi vakauya kuna Schrödinger Nobel Prize. Zvisinei, zvinoreva izvo hwomuviri anonzi akataurwa nayo nomunyori regai uwirirane maonero Bohr, Sommerfeld, Heisenberg uye Einstein, uyo akavamba anonzi Copenhagen dudziro. "Cat gangaidzo" Nokudaro akasimuka.

chinozunguzirwa basa

Kana totaura Micro-nyika zvokutanga nezvimedu, muri maturo pfungwa kuri muna makro-pamwero: guru, vhoriyamu, kumhanya, saizi. Uye kupinda yayo shaky kutendeseka. Zvinhu kukura ichi hazvibviri kugadzirisa munhu - vanhu vane chete nzira isina kunanga kudzidza. Somuenzaniso, imwe kanyika chiedza pamusoro Switch chidzitiro kana firimu, nhamba the clicks, pakukora yacho iiswe firimu. Vose - munharaunda Masvomhu.

Fungidziro inobva Schrödinger equations zvakatungamirira musayendisiti ichi. A chinhu chinokosha chezvinonhuwira chinozunguzirwa ishande. Rinotsanangura zvakajeka mhando uye quantum zvivako zviri nezvimedu kuongororwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chinozunguzirwa basa rinoratidza mamiriro Somuenzaniso, Erekitironi. Zvisinei, iye, zvinopesana maonero ayo munyori, zvinhu hazvina musoro. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo imwe kwemasvomhu chokushandisa. Sezvo pepa rino ratinoparidza dzidziso Schrödinger mashoko nyore, vanoti mativi chechinopiwa chinozunguzirwa basa rinotsanangura ndingangokuvara kuwana wemuTesitamende akafanorongerwa mamiriro.

Cat somuenzaniso macroobject

With kududzira ichi, unonzi Copenhagen, munyori haana kubvumirana mugumo woupenyu usati. Aivenga vagueness pamusoro pfungwa mukana, uye akaramba Kujeka kwakaita basa pacharo, kwete pachivara.

Sezvo muenzaniso kukundikana kumifananidzo yakadaro, akataura kuti iyi kana Microcosm zvarinoita makro-zvinhu. Dzidziso Schrödinger katsi rinoti: kana ari mubhokisi chakapoteredzwa kuisa mupenyu muviri (semuenzaniso, katsi) uye Kamudzira pamwe gasi rinouraya, iyo anovhura kana radioactive Kufananidzira decays, uye anoramba namahwindo, kana nokuparara kunoitika, tinowana gangaidzo asati kuvhura bhokisi. Maererano quantum pfungwa, atomu rimwe radioactive chinhu neumwe mukana mukati imwe nguva achawira voga. Saka, zvinangwa atomu panguva, uye kwete mutyairi vasabatwa. Uye, sezvo Schrödinger pfungwa, nokuti chete mugove mukana katsi panguva akafa uye mupenyu zvimwe. Chii uchabvuma, haruna musoro, nokuti kuvhura bhokisi, tinowana chete mamiriro rimwe mhuka. Uye namahwindo mudziyo, pedyo zvinouraya Kamudzira, katsi akafa kana vapenyu, sezvo zviratidzo izvi discrete uye regai inosanganisira zvenguva dzakasiyana.

Fani iyi haangosarudzi, asi vasati nekusimba kwazvo tsananguro pasina vakaomerwa nguva mamiriro ezvinhu Pakusarudza Kunyanya ezvinhu tsvagai katsi kuedza ichi zvakajeka gangaidzo. Zvisinei, quantum zvemaziso mitemo hazvigoni kushandiswa macroscopic zvinhu. Saizvozvowo, tara mutsetse pakati Microcosm uye zvatinosiita hazvisati zvaitika. Kunyange zvakadaro, imwe mhuka pakukura katsi, hapana mubvunzo - macroobject.

Kushandisa quantum Vanamakanika

Kungofanana, kunyange yokungotaura, zvinokonzerwa, izvozvo zvinomutsa mubvunzo chii zvinogona kubatsira Schrödinger kuti katsi. The Big Bang dzidziso Somuenzaniso, inobva pezvakaitwa chokuita ichi pfungwa yetsvakurudzo. All rwevharanda Ultra-soro aimhanya, huno- mamiriro kwenyaya, ongororo wezvose sezvo vakadaro zvinotsanangurwa kusanganisira quantum Vanamakanika.