The arambe achirema mutobvu

Lead - rakasiyana simbi kuti ane yakawanda akanaka uye kunaka unhu, kwemakore akawanda vanhu vakadzidza kusvina kwete chete anokuvadza, asi kubatsirwa physicochemical ehupfumi ari fuma. Zvino akadaro chinhu ichocho, akadai mutobvu, ari periodic table kuverengwa 82, anonzi Pb anonzi "Plumbum". Ndiye musoro, kuti arambe achirema mutobvu - 11,34g / cm3, mumwe ari softest simbi. Asi regai kuva kuvhiringidzika pakati izvi pfungwa mbiri zvesayenzi. The arambe achirema mutobvu nemamwe mashoko - iri kwayo chaiyo uremu chete chairema bhuku, uye softness yechivako chacho kunokonzerwa sekristaro napamahwindo. Lead chinhu dzakapfavirira bedzi wakachena chimiro, asi kana pasi kudziyisa kurapwa pasi wakananga tembiricha ezvinhu, zvinogona zvakakwana vafuke simbi.

Nezvekwakabva zita "Tungamirira 'ndizvo dzinopikisana chaizvo, mumitauro yakawanda, zvinoita unorira" gaba "hazvishamisi, nokuti mutobvu akafanana netini, wakasvinudza zvikuru gare gare uye vakamusiya zita rake chipo, asi zita fuma iri mubvunzo yachinja. simbi mbiri Ava zvikuru akafanana mumwe kwete chete nemaziso, asiwo vamwe ehupfumi, kunyange arambe achirema mutobvu kwakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura arambe achirema kuti gaba.

On kutungamirira uye ayo zvivako vanhu vakaziva vanopfuura 7 zviuru. Makore BC uye zvichida kwaiva tsaona, nokuti simbi ine pasi utsotso tembiricha kuti -327 C. A nyaya apo nokuda sango moto, tsaona, pasi dota pemiti vatungamirire vara zvakawanikwa. Saka, takazoziva vapfumi deposits nesimbi iri America. Lead kuvanatsa yakatanga kuzivikanwa metallurgia pezvakaitwa kuti kunotoreva kuita muzvizhinji zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, muRoma yekare, kubva mutobvu kuita ndiro, akawedzera kuti zvizoro, wakaitwa kunyange mvura Ichibatsirwa nemupristi arambe achirema mutobvu uye kugona kutsungirira Migumisiro yakaipa simbi ichi kubva dzakapoteredza kwezvakatipoteredza. Vanhu zvino havana kuziva chii zvose soluble yeimwe ari simbi dziri muchetura chaizvo.

Pave paya, vamwe vanhu vakashandisa kutungamirira chirongwa kurwadziswa uye pakupedzisira akazogadzira rimwe inouraya zvikuru zvombo - bara. Chokwadi, achibatsirwa mutobvu raiswa zvakawanda kukuvara pamazuva akare, asi simbi pachayo nokuti vanhu vasina mhosva vari kupomera. Zvino yedu mberi zera, takadzidza zvinowana tibatsirwe zvikuru kubva ehupfumi mutobvu, sezvo hama yacho arambe achirema wakakurira mune dzimwe nzvimbo basa rinokosha. Ingangoita muzvitatu zvachose kugadzirwa yamarudzi ichi chinoshandiswa kugadzira mabhatiri kuti motokari kwakajairika. Uyewo simbi iyi rinoshandiswa chinotsva indasitiri, zvinonzi akawedzera peturu kuvandudza unhu ayo. Sezvo tine remakore kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa uye nemotokari vari kushanda zvachose, zvino kushandisa, uye ipapo kwemvura mutobvu kubva peturu mhute mumhepo kunokonzera kukuru kukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Kana uchiri kufungawo kwemvura ine Asphalt iri kupisa mwaka, kana bhitumini arambe achirema shoma kuwedzera tembiricha, tinogona kusangana imwe njodzi zvakatipoteredza. Asi murume wokushora pachake!

Chimbofunga, rimwe gore mumhepo, vanopfuura zviuru 50. Matani vatungamirire chiutsi. Achiri rinoshandiswa kuti zvedongo indasitiri kweShanduro sekristaro, uye ndiani asina wakanzwa White Lead? Izvi zvinhu inowanika akawanda, izvo, zvikurukuru, anoshandiswa pakunyora mifananidzo. Nokufamba kwenguva, vanhu vakadzidza kwete chete kuti vazvidzivirire kubva simbi uye kudzivirira uye kurishandisa. Somuenzaniso, pamusana imwe sezvamunoita vakadzidza inonyaradza marwadzo omusoro uye Anti-anogumbura zvinodhaka. Uye mumwe anobatsira zvivako nesimbi iri kwayo "opacity" X-ray uye mwaranzi radioactive kuti rinoshandiswa X-ray dzimba uye midziyo iri indasitiri yenyukireya.

In mhedziso, tinogona kutaura kuti chero makemikari maatomu akafanana ine zvakanaka mamiriro ayo uye kunaka, asi ndeapi kushandisa, anogadziriswa chete munhu, uye zvakanaka kana iye anoshandisa ruzivo rwake kuti zvakanaka tose!