Albert Hoffman - kemisiti Swiss, baba LSD: A Biography

Albert Hofmann, kuti kemisiti Swiss uyo akapa nyika LSD, simba kupfuura psychotropic fuma ikozvino kuzivikanwa, akafa muna April 2008 kumba kwake pamusoro pechikomo pedyo muBasel, Switzerland. Aiva nemakore 102 okuberekwa.

Maererano Rick Doblin, muvambi uye CEO ane multi-nechirango kuwadzana Psychedelic tsvakurudzo, vachishandisa California, mhaka rufu rwakanga chomwoyo. Sangano iri muna 2005 ikazobudiswazve mubhuku, iro muna 1979 yakabudisa Albert Hoffman, "My Problem Child LSD."

Masayendisiti Swiss pakutanga synthesized mukomboni lysergic acid muna 1938, asi haana kuwanikwa kwayo psychopharmacological migumisiro kusvikira papera makore mashanu, iye netsaona akashandisa pfuma iri counterculture pakati Kuma1960 pakuzivikanwa se "asidhi".

Ipapo akatora LSD kakawanda, asi akazviona somunhu simba uye nengozi psychotropic zvinodhaka inoda kuremekedza. Asi kupfuura mafaro enyika Psychedelic chiitiko chaiva kwaari kukosha mushonga kuyamura kufungisisa uye kunzwisisa chii akatumidza kubatana vanhu zvakasikwa. maonero ichi, rakasvika kuna Dr. Hoffman vanenge epiphany kwechitendero pauduku, anotungamira akawanda upenyu hwake pachake uye nyanzvi.

jekeso

Albert Hofmann akaberekerwa Baden, yokuzororera guta kuchamhembe Switzerland, January 11, 1906 Aiva mukuru pavana vana. baba vake, avo vasina dzidzo yepamusorosoro, aiva toolmaker mufekitari dzeko, uye mhuri vaigara mufurati yairendwa. Asi Albert yakawanda ake kupembedza nguva mumugwagwa.

Iye atandira zvikomo pamusoro muguta uye vachitamba panguva mumatongo Habsburg "Stein" Castle. "Pakanga paradhiso chaiyo - akati ari bvunzurudzo muna 2006. - Takanga tisina mari, asi ndakanga zvinoshamisa uduku ".

Panguva imwe famba ake aiva epiphany.

"Zvino zvakaitika May mangwanani - ndakanganwa gore, asi achiri anogona kuona nzvimbo zvakaitika, ari Footpath musango pedyo Martinsburg, - akanyora mubhuku rake rinonzi. - I paaifamba kuburikidza musango pamwe yakachena mashizha, vakazadzwa birdsong uye aibvira mangwanani zuva, uye kamwe kamwe akava chiedza kugomo pachena. Nature vakabata yakaisvonaka Kupenya, akabata pamwoyo, sokunge aida kusvika ukuru hwake kwandiri. I yakazadzwa usingarondedzereki manyawi mufaro, kubatana uye yomufaro mukuru ine runyararo. "

Kunyange zvazvo baba Hoffman aiva muKaturike uye mai vake - muPurotesitendi, akatenda kuna vaduku, chitendero akarasikirwa chinonyanya kukosha. Paakanga ava 7 kana 8 makore, Albert akanga achitaura shamwari pamusoro kana Jesu aiva mwari. "Ini ndikati Handina kuzvitenda, asi Mwari anofanira kunge, nokuti pane nyika uye munhu akamusika, - akati. - Ndine zvikuru chokuita zvakasikwa ".

Pakusarudza basa

Hoffman akapfuurira kudzidza kemisitiri paYunivhesiti Zurich, sezvo aida kuongorora nyika pa zvese apo simba uye zvinhu zvine maatomu akafanana zvinobatana kuti kusika upenyu. Muna 1929, paakanga chete 23, Akagamuchira doctorate zvoruzivo. Ipapo akatora basa pa "Sandoz" rabhoritari muBasel, kwaakanga nokukwezvwa chirongwa pamusoro kwetunhu mishonga zvinhu kubva makwenzi.

"Day of bhasikoro"

Pandaishanda ergot kurova rye, iye vakagumburwa pamusoro LSD, uye tsaona Chishanu masikati muna April 1943 aishandisa zvinodhaka mukati. Nokukurumidza zvaaiwana ane zvakachinjwa ezvinhu pfungwa, akafanana paainge somwana.

Zvinotevera Monday, LSD Albert Hofmann ndeimwewo akatora. The gadziriro yakatanga kuita paakanga bhasikoro pamba. Kuti zuva, April 19, yakazonzi immortalized ne mudzidzi zvinodhaka. Ivo akaitumidza "paZuva bhasikoro."

revelation Chemistry

Dr. Hoffman akasika zvimwe zvinodhaka zvinokosha, kusanganisira metergin kushandiswa pakurapa postpartum ropa - huru kukonzera rufu yokusununguka. Asi kwakanga LSD zvakaumba basa rake vachiedza pakunamata.

"Pamusana manzwiro angu kana achitora LSD uye mufananidzo wangu mutsva chokwadi, ndakaziva kuti chishamiso yokusika, nechinhu zvakasikwa, kasvisto uye fauna of, - akati Hoffman, mumwe chiremba wepfungwa Stanislav Grof muna 1984. - ndakava chaizvo tisanzwe chii chichaitika izvi zvose uye tose ".

zvinodhaka matsvene

Dr. Hoffman akava kuchitsigira zvakatikomberedza. Akati kuti LSD haisi chete chombo mu wepfungwa, asi zvinogona kushandiswa kumutsa zvakadzama kuziva nzvimbo zvakasikwa vanhu, kuti vadzivire kuparadzwa zvakasikwa.

Asi wakati nehanya kuwedzera kushandiswa LSD sezvo mushonga kuti varaidzo. Maererano naye, mushonga inofanira kushandiswa uyewo chinyakare nzanga vaishandisa zvinovhiringidza pfungwa miti matsvene - nokungwarira uye nevavariro pakunamata.

Pashure yawanikwa zvivako zviri psychotropic fuma Albert Hofmann makore vachidzidza zvirimwa matsvene. Pamwechete shamwari yake Gordon Wasson, aiitawo Psychedelic tsika nevashamani mesatekov kumaodzanyemba Mexico. Akakwanisa synthesize zvinoshingaira yeimwe howa psilocybe Mexicana, akadana psilocin uye psilocybin. Mukuwedzera, kemisiti rave dzinounzwa zvinoshingaira mbeu hurongwa Convolvulus iyo Mazatec rinoshandiswawo sechinhu intoxicant, uye akawana kuti ayo makemikari anoumba rakafanana LSD.

Panguva Psychedelic yaitonga Hoffman akauraya mumwe ushamwari vakadaro zvinoshamisa unhu sezvo Timoti Liri, Allen Ginsberg uye Oldos Haksli, uyo, kunyange vava kuda rufu muna 1963, akakumbira mudzimai wake kuti kuvapa jekiseni LSD kuderedza kutambura nekenza huro.

nhaka

Zvisinei, pasinei kufarira zvinovhiringidza pfungwa yeimwe LSD baba vakasara kusvikira pakuguma imwe kemisiti Swiss. Murabhoritari, "Sandoz," akatungamirira Natural Medicines Research Department kusvikira mudyandigere yake muna 1971.

Rwakanyorwa pamusoro zana nyaya masayendisiti, rakanyorwa Albert Hoffman. Books vakazvitsaurira kuna Swiss kemisiti hallucinogenic zvinhu. In "Eleusis: achifumura sakaramende" (1978) iye anoti ane nhamba echiGiriki mhemberero dzechitendero pamwe nokushandisa zviri hallucinogenic howa. Naiyewo co-akanyora "bhotani uye Chemistry pakati Hallucinogens" mabhuku (1973), "Plants wavanamwari: kwakatangira kushandiswa hallucinogens" (1979). Muna 1989 ndakaona chiedza chawo Insight / Outlook bhuku (1989) pamusoro omumwe chokwadi uye basa "mushonga Hoffmann: LSD uye Eleusis itsva" rakabudiswa pashure pokufa kwake (2008).

Albert Hoffman wake, Anita, uyo akafa nguva pfupi asati afa, akamutsa muBasel vana. Mwanakomana akafa udhakwa nemakore 53 okuberekwa. Hoffman akasangana vazukuru anoverengeka uye vazukuru zvikuru.

Kunyange zvazvo kemisiti Swiss rinonzi LSD "mushonga nokuda mweya", ne 2006 mazuva Wakati achitora hallucinogens, kare akasiya. "Ndinoziva LSD; Handifaniri kuita nayo pamusoro - Akati uye akawedzera, -. pamwe kana ndikafa se Oldos Haksli " Maererano naye, LSD hakuna kukanganiswa pfungwa dzake nezvorufu. "Mushure rufu, ndichava kudzokera apo ndakanga risati aberekwa, ndizvozvo zvose."

Albert Hoffman: prices

Pazasi pane anozivikanwa zvinotaura Swiss kemisiti.

• Kushanduka vanhu pamwe kukura uye kuwedzera kuziva.
• LSD - ndiyo chete nzira kuti isu tinofanira kuva.
• Ndiende kumunda, vaende kuminda, kufamba musango. Svinudzai meso enyu!
• Mwari anotaura vaya kunzwisisa mutauro wayo chete.
• Ndinotenda kuti kana vanhu vakadzidza kushandisa kurudziro zviratidzo LSD mukurapa uye nokufungisisa zvine musoro, pasi zvimwe zvinhu, mwana uyu dambudziko aigona kuva mwana prodigy.
• Kuziva - chipo chaMwari kuti vanhu.