Types zvoupfumi gadziriro

Vanhu refu kuziva mhando dzakasiyana uye yokutevedzera zvoupfumi gadziriro. Zvishoma nezvishoma akaumba mukufamba kwenguva refu nhoroondo kukura.

Kupatsanura zvoupfumi gadziriro yakavakirwa zvimwe zvinodiwa. Rakajairika Zviratidzo ravakanga dzikarongwa:

- muridzi, pakukoka zvokurarama kugadzirwa;

- nzira pakushandisa zvinhu zvebhizimisi.

Pahwaro dzemitemo izvi zvinosanganisira marudzi dzakadai zvoupfumi gadziriro: murayiro-yaiona, musika, zvetsika uye zvakasiyana. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane nzvimbo chaicho munhau. Asi kwete mhando dzose dzataurwa pamusoro apa zvoupfumi gadziriro iripo panguva imwe chete.

Saka, kare zvainzi dzaitongwa chinyakare hurongwa. Vamwe mamiriro ayo uye nhasi zvinowanika zvishoma dzakabudirira. It kunoratidzwa multi-pamwero dzezvoupfumi, dzinongoitika siyana kurima, zvakadzama kushandisa remaoko, kushaya itsva michina, inokosha chimiro sangano basa uye kugadzirwa, murombo kwezvivako, urombo pakati yevagari. Zvakachena uye mhemberero akanga achiumbwa kwemazana emakore, kukosha tsika uye zvechitendero weboka vemo kupinda vemapoka nemagariro strata - zvose izvozvo chaizvo kunokanganisa socio-upfumi kwendangariro. Idzo kuti saka kure akaramba chetsika upfumi, kumanikidzwa kutsungirira pakudzorwa vemamwe guru uye kunyanya hurumende kupindira mune redistribution mari yenyika.

Market zvoupfumi. It kunoratidzwa ne predominance pachake zvoupfumi mari. Rinoratidza kunobatanidza vagadziri zhinji uye saka, vatengi vacho mishonga yavo. vatambi zvose upfumi vane rusununguko uye rusununguko rwokusarudza basa uyewo rusununguko kuwana zvokushandisa, kuti mashoko, kuti nebudiriro zvesainzi. Zvido - huru ikurudziro maitiro mumwe zvoupfumi sangano. Somugumisiro, yakazvimirira sarudzo, anoda kuwana zvikuru kwemari. Asi pano rangu private kufarira upfumi sangano achakwanisa kuziva chete kana zviri kuwedzera zvavanoda achaparadzwa aimiririra uye zvinofarirwa kwenzanga. Hurumende ichiisa mari, kwemari, Pricing nezvimwe macro- uye microeconomic pezvakaitwa waidzora misika mashandiro, iyo yakavakirwa akasununguka makwikwi. Mamwe zvoupfumi gadziriro akasiyana zvikuru kubva kushayikwa yokupedzisira. Zvechokwadi, muchiitiko ichi, kuti makwikwi Nde chinovhura zvoupfumi.

Hurumende pamusika hurongwa apindira pazvinhu zveupfumi pezvakaitwa riri mwero chaizvo uye akadzikama. Basa raro chete kudzivirira private varidzi pfuma uye kugadzwa urongwa hwakadaro nomutemo kuti zvaizova zvakanaka nokushanda kwenhengo kumusika. chose Market vatambi vakazvimirira vachitora sarudzo kwoupfumi, kazhinji yokuzogumbura zvikuru.

Akadaro musika upfumi chete vakasununguka makwikwi predominance akavapo kusvikira 30s remakore rechi20.

Mugore mugovanisi kunyika Asia uye Eastern Europe, yaimbova Soviet Union paiva murayiro-administrative hurongwa. Uyu upfumi asiri musika. The kutonga wehurumende simba, monopolization uye nationalization hwenyika, akarayirwa, yakaoma kugadzirwa mukuronga, zvekuvaka yavaive, kushayikwa makwikwi vakasununguka inotungamirwa mitengo uye chaidzo ukama chinokosha-mari - zvinoshamisa zviri administrative-murayiro hurongwa.

Nyika mazuva ano ishande zvakakwana mune neveMamwe zvoupfumi. Its chikuru zvinhu:

- zvakasiyana-siyana tenzi;

- Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kuwadzana ehurumende nzira zvoupfumi murau pamwe musika mashandiro;

- refu azvipire pave zvibereko ehondo, kuvapo musika kwezvivako munzanga.

In neveMamwe zvoupfumi zvinobatana emhando dzakasiyana zvoupfumi enyika panguva yavo yakanakisisa.