Hydrostatic Galileo anorwisa. Galileo Galilei: pfupi Biography

Galileo Galilei - musayendisiti wokuItaly, mumwe philologist, samakanika, mutsoropodzi, mudetembi, muongorori wenyeredzi uye yefizikisi. Aiva chinokosha simba pamusoro pokumuka sayenzi nguva yake. Hwaro ruzivo uye ruzivo zvaiona varwa pamusoro yepamusoro muviri. Zvino rizivikanwe pamabasa ake ose; Galilei tega munhu hydrostatic zviyero, thermoscope uye vakakwana kuti teresikopu. The musayendisiti ndiye muvambi wesangano experimental wefizikisi. Munyaya ino, tichakurukura kukuudza pamusoro upenyu uye zvigadzirwa Galileo. Rega kutanga.

Uduku uye kuyaruka

Galileo Galilei, pfupi Biography iyo zvichakurukurwa pazasi, akaberekwa muna Pisa (Italy) muna 1564. baba vake akashanda somuimbi uye yemasvomhu akasarudza kuti mwanakomana zvokurapa. Mushure mukomana apedza chechechi chikoro, iye rinorondedzerwa pamberi University of Pisa rorusununguko Medicine. Asi namanomwe Garireya zvakanga zvisiri dzinonakidza. Akabva yunivhesiti akaenda Florence, apo akatanga kudzidza mabasa Archimedes uye Euclid. baba Galileo vake, kupa zvikumbiro mwanakomana akashandurudza kupinda fakaroti kwouzivi.

In pauduku Galileo vanodiwa afunge zvemaziso matoyi uye huripo yokutevedzera ngarava, zvigayo, michina. Mboni Galileo Viviani, gare gare akanyora Biography pamusoro musayendisiti kutaurwa kuti atova hwake, Galileo akanga cherechedzesa chaizvo. Zviri nokuda uhwu akakwanisa kuita chinokosha chakawanikwa: kuona Pisa Cathedral swinging chandeliers, jaya akauya pamwe mutemo isochronism pakati zvakavamba kuchinja oscillations (kuzvimirira kubva kutsaudzira of oscillation nguva). vaongorori vakawanda havabvumirani Viviani uye vanodavira kuti izvi zvakawanikwa haisi kuGarirea. Asi zvinozivikanwa kuti Galileo kakawanda achiongorora mutemo empirically. Akashandisawo chive yakati rebei. kuedza uyu nechido yakagamuchirwa navanachiremba.

Galileo hydrostatic Makwande

Muna 1586, mumwe musayendisiti wechiduku rakabudiswa basa rinoshanda hunhu wokutanga yesayenzi. Galileo akavaka chaiwo hydrostatic zviyero, uye rondedzero yakatodzama navo mubasa rake. Tinogona kutaura kuti akasarudza mugumo wake semusayendisiti.

Hydrostatic achirema chikero kubvumira kuona kana arambe achirema anokosha uye simbi. Nzira pacharo akavhura mamwe Archimedes. Galileo basa rakanzi "Small Scale" aiva Florentine yemasvomhu Guido del Monte. The musayendisiti anozivikanwa pakarepo muna Galileo matarenda makanika uye vaida kusangana naye.

Rakanga riri dzinoenda kuna Del Monte muna 1589 Galileo akagamuchira professorship pa yunivhesiti ake, akanga asingakwanisi kupedza nokuda matambudziko zvemari. Zvisinei, zvakatora risingamboshandisi muhoro, asi masayendisiti achiri akafara nokuti hydrostatic pamakwande Galileo akaita yakakurumbira munyika sayenzi. Akanga kunyanya kuzivikanwa pakati vokuItaly mathematicians.

The yekutanga "On Kutama"

Akatanga kudzidzisa paUniversity wemasvomhu uye uzivi, Galileo vaifanira kusarudza rakaoma. Kune rumwe rutivi - the inviolable Dzidziso maonero Aristotle, pane dzimwe - zvichiratidza dzavo, kunotsigirwa ruzivo. Maererano Aristotle muviri nokukurumidza inodonha zviri Proportional wayo uremu. Galileo akaramba mashoko aya, apo dzimwe zvapupu zvakawanda kwakadonha kubva Leaning Tower balls akaenzana, asi pamwe zviyereso zvakasiyana. Aristotle akadzidzisa kuti mitumbi siyana vane zvakasiyana "nenyama pfuma", saka vamwe vavo vanowa zvikuru kupfuura vamwe. Kuti muviri ari inofamba, anofanira mhepo kusunda, saka kufamba muviri kunoratidza kusava voids. Kuedza Galileo vanoti zvimwe.

Muna 1590, kuti muongorori akanyora bhuku "On kufamba". Mairi, akashora pfungwa vateveri Aristotle (Peripatetics). Izvi zvakakonzera asambofarirwa musayendisiti kubva vamiririri breech yepamusoro nesayenzi. Uyezve, haana wakanyatsokodzera salaried Galileo. Rakanga chaizvo kutsvikinyidzika mune zvenhau. Zvakamubatsira rataurwa del Monte, achirumbidza Galileo muna Padua University.

Padua kumwedzi

Kubva 1592 vakatanga kupfuura zvibereko nguva muupenyu mutsvakurudzi. Tatotaura pamusoro Galileo hydrostatic zviyero, rwakazokura zvakawanikwa yake yokutanga. Saka, mumakore kudzidzisa paUniversity Padua musayendisiti akaita mumwe maviri. Galileo akazogadzira thermoscope chidzidzo pamusoro chafariz mananara uye vakakwana kuti teresikopu kuti kwaari teresikopu.

Kutaura chokwadi thermoscope lämpömittari aiva kumumvuri. Kugadzira izvozvo, Galileo aifanira zvikuru uongorore zvakare huripo panguva nheyo kutonhora nokupisa.

The kweteresikopu muVenice vaiziva kare muna 1609. Akafarira mashoko zvakawanikwa, Galileo vakwana kweguyo akachinja kuti vachengete nyeredzi denga. Pakutanga 1610 zvakavabatsira Vanotsvakurudza vakawana satellites vatatu puraneti Jupiter. Zvepasi nyika panguva dzakasiyana, Galileo akakwanisa kunzwisisa kuti satellites dzitendererane naye, uye kwete vakutarisire. Izvi akasimbisa Kepler womuenzaniso hurongwa, waiva mutsigiri musayendisiti.

Uyezve, Galileo akaziva nheyo relativity ari simba. Akaumba hwaro aripo dzidziso relativity. Galileo akawana pamazano pamusoro kufamba Aristotle. musayendisiti Empirically vakawana kuti sangano (zvokuimba muitiro) ihama. Kuti hachisi kutaura sangano, pasina kuziva pachinhu imwe "muviri nezve" zvinoitika. Pachavo sezvo mitemo inofamba zvose. Naizvozvo, nokuvhara wechikepe kabhini, hazvibviri experimentally kuona kana zviri noruvara kana kuzorora pasi ichifamba.

ezvemuchadenga zvakawanwa

Nokuda yemhando teresikopu ari musayendisiti paiva zviitiko itsva. Galileo Galiley akaziva maitikiro ose Venus, uye akagutsikana ariko vakawanda senyeredzi hweGwara Way. Zvepasi kufamba mavara, nevatsvakurudzi akaziva kuti izvi imhaka vachishandisa kutenderera zuva. By kudzidza pemvura mwedzi, Galileo akawana craters uye makomo. Zvose izvi, iye vasanyanya kuti kutendeseka pakati cosmogonic dzidziso kusashanduka zvakasikwa, vavesa yechimurenga nezvenyeredzi. All ake zvakawanika, Galileo inorondedzerwa mubhuku "Star Gazette", yakabudiswa muna 1610. basa iri akatsaurira upenyu kuna Duke pamusoro Tuscany akamiririra Kozimo Medichi.

Kudzokera Florence

Nokukurumidza Duke akakoka Galileo kushanda Florence. The musayendisiti akagadzwa yokutanga dare muzivi uye nyanzvi yemasvomhu of University, uyo akanga asingasungirwi kuverenga hurukuro. Pakazosvika nguva basa Galileo pakuzivikanwa muItaly. Nekuyemurwa mune pavo dzinotyisa vachivengwa nevamwe. Ichokwadi pakutanga kwete pachena ruvengo. Muna 1611 nyanzvi yakanga kunyange vakakokwa kuRoma, paakange nomufaro akakwazisa chiso guta uye nechechi yokutanga. Galileo akanga asina pfungwa vachiri pamusoro akagadzawo iye chakavanzika nokuongororwa. Tsamwisa vavengi awedzera muna 1613, apo Raibvunzurudza akamutswa nyaya kusapindirana Magwaro pamwe Zvakawanikwa Galileo. The mutsvakurudzi akapa ichi kupomera hwakadzama mhinduro, izvo akaedza zvakajeka kusiyanisa nesayenzi uye nechechi. Muna 1616 akaenda kuRoma kuti chinangwa vachidzivirira dzidziso dzavo.

Wokutanga muitiro

Ezvinhu akanga akabudirira chaizvo. Chikonzero chaiva kwakajeka kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi kugona Galileo. Mukuwedzera, musayendisiti akabatsira Duke pamusoro Tuscany, achinyora kuti Raibvunzurudza tsamba. Kupomerwa Galileo akaziva groundless. Zvino, zvisinei, pamberi masayendisiti paiva nyore: kuti kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo maonero avo yesayenzi.

Copernican Hurongwa asingagoni kuzvidzivirira pachena, asi nzira nhaurirano, gakava haisi wairambidza. Saka, Galileo akanyora manyoro "Dialogue pamusoro masaisai uye" umo interlocutors vatatu vakakurukura maviri hurongwa huru munyika - Copernicus uye Ptolemy. Muna 1630 akaenda kuRoma mubhuku rino. Masayendisiti vakatora makore maviri kukurira kusenza, kuti mvumo kubudisa shanduro. Pakupedzisira, akabuda mu Florence muna August 1632.

Chechipiri muitiro

Raibvunzurudza pakarepo pavakatambudzwa kwebhuku rinonzi, verengeka muEurope. Pakupera 1632 Galileo akarayira kuti vauye kuRoma. The musayendisiti vakakumbira kunonosa nokuda kwake urwere uye kukwegura. Asi chikumbiro chake yakaramba isina kupindurwa. Pakutanga 1633 akatorwa kuRoma pamubhedha. Pasina mwedzi, akagara Tuscan nhume, uye ipapo akadzingwa Galileo ari mujeri Raibvunzurudza. Paivawo nokutyisidzirwa kurwadziswa, renunciation zvinodiwa, Kubvunzurudzwa uye kutombonaka kuti mutsvakurudzi - kuparadzwa mabasa ake. Kupembedza "nhaurirano" ake pamberi Galileo vatongi kwakakundikana. Pashure pokutongwa, musayendisiti akaendeswa wemamongi St. Minerva, akaita kuti asaine renunciation uye pachena kupfidza pamabvi ake.

mumakore achangodarika

Muna 1637, Galileo Galilei, pfupi Biography yakange inosimbiswa ino, vakanga varasikirwa kuona ake. Asi asati kuti, musayendisiti vakakwanisa kupedza basa, yakatsaurirwa kuna pamabasa ake mumunda makanika. Labor inonzi "kwemasvomhu uchapupu uye kukurukura." Kusiyana "nhaurirano" mubhuku rino vanorondedzerwa zvose sokunge nharo vatsigiri Aristotle haasisiri akakodzera uye zvakafanira kuti kufarirwa maonero matsva yesayenzi. Nemhaka kuitwa shamwari Galileo bhuku rakanga kunyange apo vaongorori upenyu. Akanga kusimba kufara ichi.

Galileo akafa kumavambo 1642 ari Villa muna Arcetri. Muna 1732-M guruva musayendisiti akatumira Florence uye akavigwa pedyo Michelangelo.

Izvi Biography yose. Galileo Galiley nokusingaperi akanyorwa zita rake munhoroondo nesayenzi. Pakupedzisira ratinoparidza zvishomanana nezvendima mutsvakurudzi uyu.

Interesting chokuita Galileo Galilei

• Muna 1992, Papa akarondedzera musayendisiti sezvo kwakajeka yefizikisi uye akaratidza kuzvidemba pamusoro mutongo wake wokupedzisira. Rakanga wokutanga ruzhinji kubvuma of Vatican maererano vachishandisa kutenderera Pasi kunhivi zuva.
• Hydrostatic Galileo Makwande vanobatanidzwa pamusoro shanu kupfuura kupenya zvigadzirwa, zviri kushandiswa munguva yedu.
• Mashoko okuti "Asi izvozvo hazviiti kufamba!" The mutsvakurudzi haana kumbotaura. ngano iyi yakaitwa ane wenhau vokuItaly.