Chii nemabayo uye sei kurapa?

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti mabayo - ane kuzvimba mumapapu. Asi havasi vose vanoziva kuti chirwere yakaoma uye ngozi pane nzira yakarurama hwokubata nazvo, chii vari nemigumisiro yayo, maitiro uye kurapwa zvaitika. Batsira muverengi asina dzidzo zvokurapa, kunzwisisa zviri nani zviri nemabayo - basa ino.

zvokurapa ruzivo Special nemabayo nhasi yakasvika zvinokosha musayenzi uye kunotoda kudzika. Paiva zvinodhaka ano simba kubatsira kurwisa chirwere ichi uye kuhwina nayo.

Uye vachiri kuramba kufa nemabayo. Zvikurukuru chirwere kutyisa, sezvo kare, zvinoratidza pacharo pakati pavana vaduku. Muviri mwana simba, anogona kuva kwakaoma nokuda nemabayo mune murwere yechiduku rinorema uye zvinouraya nezvimiro.

Musimboti hosha - chinotapuriranwa chirwere pamusoro zvemapapu tishu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pane kurwisa utachiona uye mavhairasi vari Formação de (tuduku matema anoumba zvemapapu tishu). Kana Formação de kufema utano kunoitika sezvinotevera. Panguva inhalation, ivo yakaomerera okisijeni zvakakodzera kuti upenyu. Zvadaro, neropa diverges yose muviri. Panguva nedzinovengwa, kuti pedza, carbon dioxide nezvimwe zvinokuvadza gaseous netsvina kuenda mhiri muviri, pamwechete chikamu chezvinhu Formação de.

An X-ray mufananidzo nemabayo kazhinji rinotsanangura achimubatsira kutanga zvakarurama zvawanikwa. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva unofanira kujekesa uye apiwa kuongorora. Panyaya iyi, kuratidza murwere zvinokuvadza nemwaranzi kupfuura kamwe hakungodiwi. Naizvozvo, zvikuru wanamatira mumwe, zvikuru nemakwenzi yokurohwa uye vakachengeteka; percussion (percussion minwe) uye auscultation (kuteerera kuburikidza "mutopota" - stethoscope). zvirwere zvinogona saka siyana kuti dzimwe nguva chiremba sokuti hazvisi pamusoro nemabayo, asi boka rose zvirwere zvakasiyana chaizvo.

Kupatsanura nemabayo - munhu yakaoma chaizvo nzira. Asi vanotarisira varwere (vakuru), uye kunyanya vabereki nevana vaduku vanoda kuti chinenge munhu usingashandi kunzwisisa mhando nemabayo, kunzwisisa chiremba ari kukurukurwa uye pakurapa chirwere.

• Zvichienderana worudzii zvishoma raparadza, akasiyana kuruboshwe madziro nemabayo, kurudyi madziro uye kaviri madziro.
• Kana zvemapapu iri rirwadze zviduku chikamu - a chidimbu (iyo ine nhamba chiedza) iri dzakaonekwa segmental nemabayo. Somuenzaniso, muna sei zvemapapu vangasimudzira kuona basal nemabayo.
• A vakwanise muviri nhau (chikamu chiedza) anopa lobar nemabayo. Wakakura zvikuru chimiro chayo - lobar nemabayo.
• It zvinowanzoitika, zvakanga zvisingaiti panguva kumisa chokutsva. Muchiitiko chino, vakafukidza muviri wose uye inonzi yose nemabayo.

Nemabayo anonzi chikuru kana akatanga pasina kukurukura chero chirwere.

Secondary nemabayo kunokonzerwa nezvimwe zvirwere (vanhuwo musiyano - nokuda bronchitis) uye anoenda navo. Kana nemabayo yechipiri kubatwa pakutanga, chikuru chirwere uye zvakafanana - zvikuru nemabayo.

Imwe nemabayo kupfuura nengozi - immunodeficient. It inorwisa hosha pavarwere immunocompromised, kusanganisira vachangoberekwa, ane kudzivirirwa haisati nguva kutanga. Dziri pakanyorwa immunodeficiency, mabayo kwakadaro inobudisa pfuma yose muviri, usingagoni kurikunda. Nzufu nemabayo yakadaro yakakwirira chaizvo.

At muchipatara (nosocomial) nemabayo, varwere kuchipatara (kunyanya vakwegura), uye vacheche muna maternity muzvipatara vari utachiwana zvinokuvadza tupukanana tusingaoneki, izvo kudzivisa nemishonga. Community-vawana nemabayo pamwe infestations vakadaro havasi zvakabatana.

Chii nemabayo kunokonzerwa tusingaoneki siyana?

Causative vamiririri nemabayo, sezvo mutemo, ndivo pneumococcus utachiona. Mune rimwe boka wavo - Streptococcus, anonzi Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. tupukanana izvi, pasinei yemaguta basa uye ngozi vari kubatwa nemishonga.

Zvaoma kuvaka kurapwa nzira kana nemabayo kunokonzerwa dzakananga tusingaoneki - Klebsiella uye Legionella, Chlamydia uye mycoplasma. Flora Iri Transitional chimiro pakati utachiona uye utachiona. Zviri nemishonga inouraya mabhakitiriya akawanda. utachiona kwakadaro kunogona anorwisa mumapapu uye principales iri pfupi, anokunda zvakawanda chaizvo muviri nyika. kazhinji Ndivo chinokonzera nosocomial nemabayo. The kuitika kuva chirwere Muzviitiko zvakadaro - ne kusvikira akasanganiswa zvatichiri nemabayo, rinorema kushurudzira.

Utachiona vari zvemapapu rinenge miviri nzira: kuburikidza kufema hurongwa kana kuburikidza muropa. Kuenda principales, kuti tupukanana tusingaoneki zviri iiswe navo uye vanotanga kuwanda. Panguva iyi, vakatarira vamwe chimiro bronchitis, chiremba anogumisa kuzvimba bronchioles (pulmonary Árbol branching ari lobules). Kupararira kuzvimba Árbol sepombi ari Formação de kunokonzera zvatichiri nemabayo. Uyezve, muna Formação de pane chigadzirwa zvigare basa - Urume. It overlaps ari lumens midziyo ropa, uye kubva mapapu kupinda ropa hunoguma iyerere oxygen. Njodzi Danho ichi, iwe unogona kunyange kutaura.

nemabayo chirwere nzira dziri rakakamurwa dzinokosha uye kukura.

Huru dzinoshandiswa:

• X-ray kudzidza;
• achitora sputum nokuti nemaziso kuzviongorora;
• achitora sputum yokudyara (tsika tusingaoneki muwande goho murabhoritari, kubereka kwacho ari kuchengetwa uye vakaongorora);
• kutora vakawanda ropa ongororo;
• kuongororwa ropa pamusoro nemakemikari omuviri;
• kuitisa ropa gasi kuongorora.

Additional nzira:

• kombiyuta-tomographic kudzidza;
• biopsy pamusoro bapu tishu;
• Weti.

Pakusarudza nzira kunobva kuna chiremba, uyo anobuda mufananidzo zviratidzo uye syndromes nemabayo.

Nokuti kurapa, sezvinoita mutemo, akasarudza inorwisa mabhakitiriya. The zvakawanda chaizvo vari vakanhonga, zvikuru kubudirira achava pakurwisana chirwere.

Munguva yedu pakanga nhomba pamusoro pneumococcus. Practice yaratidza kuti zvinobatsira. Vanotongofanana kuva mwana kuenda kukireshi zera nemashoko ayo ushandiswe nachiremba.

Kunyange kana nemabayo anoporeswa, kunosiya zvisaririra pamuviri hakuvaki, izvo zvinogona zvakare kubatsira kukura echirwere zvirwere.

Kuti tienzanisire izvi, funga kuti yakadaro segmental nemabayo uye nekutaura panyaya mycoplasma nemabayo.

Sezvo segmental nemabayo kukanganiswa chete mugove zvemapapu rinenge riri x-mwaranzi zvakajeka kuonekwa miganhu njodzi yacho. Zviri rerukei dambudziko kuongorora chirwere.

Kana segmental nemabayo, nyore, unogona kuva cyclically (pamwe chekubva kudzoka zviratidzo). Area ane zvinyama resorption kunoitika kubva pamusoro 5th kuti rechi9 mazuva kubva pakatanga chirwere.

Kazhinji kunoitika atelectasis (zvemapapu collapses, haagoni kutsemuka uye kurasikirwa kufema basa Munzvimbo).

Kana atelectasis chirwere inofambidzana kuramba tichishanda - masvondo uye mwedzi. Akazorora zvemapapu rinenge germinated fibrous (connective) tishu. Fibrous zvinyama haakwanisi kuita unyanzvi mashandiro, hachigoni kubatanidzwa kufema. In zvemapapu fibrotic zvikamu zviri akaumbwa kufema nemaonero - akafa.

Somugumisiro, segmental mabayo anogona kuva chirwere zvemapapu kuzvimba uye fibrosis (zvakawandisa mari atelectasis chirwere).

Pulmonary fibrosis harirapiki. upenyu murwere achatambudza zvikuru kupfupika mweya. The muviri nokuda kwokushaya kufema basa, acharamba kuona kusava okisijeni.

Mycoplasma nemabayo anokonzerwa utachiona hwakakura kuti husingakwanisi zvimwe nemishonga (kuti penicillin, streptomycin, etc.). Panguva iyoyowo, iyo mycoplasma havagoni kuramba mushonga tetracycline.

Kurarama mycoplasma ari urogenital zvomukati. Kubva ipapo kuburikidza muropa naro anopinda kufema hurongwa. chirwere svikiro nokusaziva zvirwere utano munhu ne kuenda neherikoputa mumate (mweya pamusoro payo, hotsira kana chikosoro), uye kurara kuonana. nemabayo ichi pamuviri anotyisa: pane njodzi intrauterine hweHIV azvarwa.

Hosha rinowanikwa zvinotevera siyana:

• chenjera kufema chirwere (kuzvimba womukati yemweya hukawanika);
• chenjera nemabayo;
• urethritis (kuzvimba urethra);
• gynecological anogumbura zvirwere.

Mycoplasma nemabayo ikarapwa pamwe tetracycline, uyewo dzinokosha nzira mhosva chero mhando nemabayo. Maitiro akadaro zvinosanganisira kurapwa pamwe okisijeni uye bronchodilators (mishonga, somugumisiro iyo kugamuchirwa dilate principales, uye mhepo unowana kuwana mumapapu).

Mycoplasma mabayo ramangwana zvakanaka. Zvisinei, kana musingadi kuona kutanga chirwere uye kutanga kurapwa mushakabvu, matambudziko kana rufu zvinobvira.

A pfupi karwendo kupinda sayenzi kuzvimba mumapapu achiedza razyasnit chii nemabayo, rinobatsira kuyeuchidza muverengi nezvengozi chirwere ichi. Dry, "kuhukura" chikosoro, iyo nguva dzose kuchisimba uye zvakawanda zvinorwadza, munyoro fivha, kushaya achipindura antipyretic zvinodhaka - chikonzero kurapwa pakarepo kuna chiremba. Kunyanya kana tiri kutaura pamusoro vana vanoenda kukireshi zera uye vakwegura vanhu.