Cape Canaveral. Pedyo Stars

Cape Canaveral, Florida - pano Nde nezvekutanga ikanyanya kuEast chitundumuseremusere siyana - huru inosvika kuUnited States chiteshi.

pakati nzimbe

Yakawira muzana remakore rechi16 pamahombekombe Florida, vokuEurope akapa zita Cape Cañaveral, iro rinoshandurwa kubva Spanish rinoreva "shuga sengere mumatenhere." Pashure makatodzinga runodiwa - marudzi Indian timakua, Calusa uye Seminole - vakagara pamusoro nyika Cape vapararire mapurazi, uye pamahombekombe - Vabati vehove uye vateresi shrimp.

Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore rapfuura, nzvimbo chirongwa zvichiitika American akatora pasi kuti chombo nemiedzo. Kubvira 1948, takatanga kuita basa iri nokubatanidzwazve Naval chechitima "Banana River" (US Navy) uye zvisikwa panzvimbo yaro achishandisa US Air Force chawo uye yokuedzwa pakati. The nzvimbo haana kusarudzwa netsaona. Sparse kwevanhu uye napedyo of Atlantic Ocean kuderedza ngozi kwezvakatipoteredza iri huye kukundikana Sub-orbital chinonyengera.

Kana kuwana Cape Canaveral (spaceport) pamepu, akauraya pedyo panzvimbo yakaderera Latitude an - 28 ˚ N Enzanisa: Baikonur - 45 ˚ N Izvi zvinoita mamwe zvakwakanakira:

• Kuti vabudirire wokutanga yepasi pose velocity achishandisa kinetic nesimba vachishandisa kutenderera Earth.
• Kuwedzera uremu pamusoro payload yacho chitundumuseremusere kusvika 30%.
• Huni upfumi nokuti goho chikwata kune geostationary muchadenga.

kutanga chinonyengera

The chikepe maviri padanho motokari kanda Nzvombo Cape Canaveral kutumirwa kudenga muna July 1950. Booster chitundumuseremusere Motokari "Mouse 2" kunoita kuti asvike zvinyorwa panguva kukwirira - 400? Km. Asi kuedza kuunza kupinda muchadenga yokutanga chakagadzirwa Satellite muna December 1957 wakaguma kukundikana - nokuputika chinotsva Matangi akaparadza mutakuri chitundumuseremusere mumasekonzi maviri pashure kutanga "Vanguard TV-3". Muna 1958, basa iri kudzidza muchadenga uye kuumba nesayenzi uye hwokugadzira hwaro kwakaita richangobva akasika sangano hurumende yeUnited States - NASA.

Mashandiro kwenzvimbo kanda yakaoma uye kunaka zvinhu yakaratidza: Cape Canaveral dzakazara madutu simba uye mabhanan'ana. Double-pokutangira zvivako vakanga zvishoma kuparadzwa dzinongoitika dzoga, uye nokuda urongwa mheni aifanira goko kubva mamwe emamiriyoni emadhora.

Cape Canaveral - Spaceport kana Force Base?

Muna 1962, National Agency akatanga kuvaka yayo kanda zvivako, rinozivikanwa Launch Center, uye kubva November 1963 (pashure chigaro pamusoro 35th purezidhendi USA), vakanga kunzi Kennedy Space Center. In yose, cape uye chitsuwa Merritt Island yakavakidzana, dzaibatanidzwa vakawanda kwezvivako kuti yakavakwa vanopfuura makumi Mapedhi.

Nhau Kazhinji spaceport pana Cape Canaveral anonzi Chokwadi, vaviri administrative zviyero yomumwe hurumende masangano akasiyana. chinonyengera All rwaiitwa kusvikira 1965 pamwe Air Force chawo. The kupfuura nomukurumbira pakati basa:

• Kushanda American Satellite wokutanga (1958).
• The American Sub-orbital yokutanga (1961) uye orbital (1962) Flying asitironati.
• Kushanda American vashandi vaviri (1964) uye nhatu (1968) vanhu vokutanga.
• Kudzidza kwemiviri yokudenga kubva zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri interplanetary otomatiki zvechitima.

From "Gemini" kuti "Space Shuttle"

Top nyeredzi Epic of Center. Kennedy wakatanga kurwisa dungwerungwe aigarira chitundumusere-musere "Gemini" pamwe muchadenga kunoongorora maviri mundege. Vanosvika 12 nzvimbo Flights yaiitwa ichi basa. The huru budiriro yaiva spacewalk asitironati E. White.

Cape Canaveral vakaperekedza pamusoro kutiza muchadenga kunoongorora aishanyira dzinongoitika Satellite Pasi. Zvose rinotanga panguva chirongwa kugadzirira uye Implementation pakati aigarira ndege uye kumhara pamusoro mwedzi ( "Apollo") kugadzirwa Mapedhi of Center.

Nokudaro, zvakare, vakatanga rwendo rwavo kuenda pedyo-Pasi trajectory shanu American "Shuttle" - university. Kubva 1981 kusvika 2011, 135 Flights Zvaiitirwa. Mumaoko muchadenga 1,6 thous. Matani payloads nemidziyo, akaita vakawanda tsvakurudzo, kugadzira uye basa installation.

Nhasi uye mangwana

Kubvira 2011, Cape Canaveral anotakura aigarira chinonyengera. Maererano zvinoderedza mari kuti nzvimbo zvirongwa ichishanda nayo zvinotsigirwa mana chete kanda Mapedhi. Part zvivako patsva uye upgraded kumhanya Vatakuri itsva. Somuenzaniso, kugadzwa LC-39A (kekutanga kubva 2011) Arikugadzirira kutuma dzinotevedzana chitundumuseremusere Falcon 9FT nzvimbo. February-March 2017 matatu dzakarongwa kutanga.

Pakakoromoka zvoupfumi ukama Russia anodana kupinda mubvunzo vamwe akatisiyira US zvirongwa. Zvinonzi kuva kukura kuramba inokosha private nzvimbo masangano. Saka, zvirongwa Dragon uye Falcon-9 kubva SpaceX wekambani vavarira kuti kuderedza kuvimba ari indasitiri pamusoro zvinoumba kubva Russia. Zvichakadaro NPO "ENERGOMASH" akasimbisa kuda kwayo nenzvimbo U.S. mukati mumakore 14 chitundumuseremusere injini RD-181 vaviri chibvumirano kare akagumisa.