Lustration - chii? Murayiro pamusoro lustration. Lustration muUkraine

Shanduko hurumende neChikomonisiti kunowanzoguma disclosures uye anoenderana nezvaakatonga pezvakaitwa uye kumupomera. Shoko rokuti "lustration" chinhu chitsva. Shoko kuziva kunyange kurovedzwa inokanganiswa. Asi chii anoita lustration, zvazvinosarira kujeka kuti anenge munhu wose.

Nhoroondo panowanikwa Lustration kurapa

Saka, muRoma yekare uye kare Greece paiva mitambo yokuchenesa. Tradition kubata vacheche kucheneswa kuburikidza zvibayiro kuna vanamwari. In ezvinhu ano, achishamisika: "Lustration - kureva," tinogona kutaura inofanira wokunatswa zvose wevakuru vehurumende kubva dzakananga mhando vakuru.

Kazhinji lustration zvinoshanda zvose vakuru vakuru wenyika, uyewo zvose vamiririri mutemo uye kuti uye National Security. Vashumiri, vamiririri nevarikutonga uye zvemitemo masimba, kuchengeteka mauto, vatongi uye mapurisa - ane kukwana mazita vashandi vehurumende pamusoro dzinoshandisa pfungwa "lustration".

Sei kushandisa lustration

The initiators acho nguva dzose itsva, uyai panguva dzimwe nokumukirana (kana kubvuta masimba) hurumende. Vanoedza munzira dzose kuratidza kwavo mhosva zvose zvichiitika munyika pamberi pavo. Kazhinji vanhu munyika kutamburawo "zvemashoko" vose yapfuura vatongi munyika itsva. Uye haina kuwedzera kuvimbika kwevanhu kuna hurumende itsva, asi exacerbates ane kare akaoma iitike pezvakaitwa.

Naizvozvo, hurumende itsva vakapfuura murairo pamusoro lustration, iro rinoti mamiriro ezvinhu ayo machinda asare muhofisi. Vose vaya nzira imwe kana mumwe munyaya kodzero dzavo, kudzvinyirirwa vanhu, ivo falsification enyika uye nhoroondo chokwadi, uye zvichingodaro. E., Usabvumira kuzvidzora mitumbi akamisa nehurumende itsva.

Lustration - ndiko kutsiva vamutangira

Lustration - chii? Revenge vamutangira. Ndiko kuti vamwe European uye American masayendisiti enyika, uye vanyori venhoroondo vanofungidzira izvi. Hazvina nguva zvichiita kuti aratidze pachena pamutemo mhosva kudarika pachinhu kodzero dzevanhu nerusununguko. Kazhinji zvakakwana nenguva zvivabatsire "mureza" kune basa, izvo oruramisa nyaya iyi, uye vakuru pane zvakawanda nezvinetso.

With kuyerera nokutsamwa rakatarira matanda uye Czech, umo machinda lustration kuitwa pashure pokuwa Communist Party. Kuwanda mafomu kubva vagari nemazita zvichipomerwa kubatanidzwa kwekodzero dzavanhu munyika idzi kwasvika chikero zvokuti chete Danho rokutanga - kana kugamuchira chiratidzo - vari kare arongwe muzvikamu zvitatu. Wokutanga nokuwa vakuru vane mhosva kwakaratidzei, uye haana zvinoda ongororo; wechipiri - avo vane zvivi vasina nekusimba, asi ivo akavavanza chokwadi pamwe wake kuchengeteka zviremera. Zvino boka rechitatu akatendeukira kuna vanhu vane mhosva kuona aitenge nokuda kuitwa mabasa avo. Kazhinji pazvinhu zviduku vakuru izvi kwete sunga, asi muchikwata ichi chaiva chikuru.

Chinokosha Misimboti lustration

Sezvambotaurwa, lustration - tsanangudzo vakuru panguva dzakasiyana siyana mazita, izvo wairambidza kushanda munzvimbo yaitonga. The inonyanya kwacho yaiva Eastern Europe mushure pakuputsa yeutongi hwechiKomonisiti. Pasinei kusiyana nzira yokuziva Vanotyora mutemo kodzero dzevanhu munyika dzakasiyana, zvakanga zvichiri zvinotaurwa zvakafanana uye kuitisa lustration.

Chokutanga, States zvose zvakanga mhosva mabasa utongi hwechiKomonisiti, akarayirwa kwokubatsira nyika uye kushandisa vezvenhau vomanikidza vanhu. Chechipiri, yose panguva yeutongi hwechiKomonisiti kunotsanangurwa segororo. Ndizvo duku caveat kuti kukura mamiriro -. Hazvina makore 1948-1990. Chechitatu, mune dzakawanda kumisa kuwana vaimbova vakuru managerial nzvimbo sei kwete chete hurumende uye kwemitemo, asi masangano dzidzo uye masangano ezvitendero.

dzimwe pfungwa dzose pamusoro chii lustration simba, akanga national maitiro. The chakarebesa uye loudest lustration pezvakaitwa ruzivo Czech Republic uye Poland.

Lustration muCzech Republic

The aparadzane of Czechoslovakia huviri inoti uye sapakuparadzwa utongi hwechiKomonisiti kwakaita kuti chokwadi chokuti Czech Republic zvakatanga chirongwa zvakarurama vanachandagwinyira uye rakadzika Kuchenesa vakuru. Saka lustration - kuti yaiva tsika?

Kubvira muna 1991, Federal Council of Czech Republic akatora nhamba mitemo decommunisation. Zvikurukuru, mumwe wavo - "On kusiri pamutemo utongi hwechiKomonisiti" - vakasarudza kuti mutoro zvose zvakaitika yepashure pehondo muCzechoslovakia, riri Communist Party uye hutungamiri kwayo. Vari kupomerwa kwete chete upfumi utariri renyika uye nomurayiro mitemo pamusoro gutsaruzhinji, asi mune tsika misoro kushora pane mumwe.

"Softness" uremu lustration muCzech Republic

Somugumisiro chiito ongororo kwave kuchiita vanopfuura 140 000 vanhu - .. Machinda ose pemisara, vatongi, rectors ose kumayunivhesiti, vatungamiriri tsvakurudzo Kudya, etc. paakangobuda mureza mumwe kana mumwe mukuru mukuru, akanga pakarepo adzingwa mabasa avo (kana basa muhurumende) uye chiziviso hoc komiti kuti atange kudzokorora pamusoro iyeye. Maererano hurongwa yatangwa, check hakusi kupfuura aiva nemwedzi miviri kuti aitwe, asi kazhinji kunonoka kwemwedzi mitanhatu kana kupfuura.

Kana Committee akakwanisa mhosva munhu, kana kanenge mifananidzo inokukurudzira kumusoro zvinhu pamusoro wake zvinoita pamwe chete kuchengeteka vehondo, akanga kunyimwa mukana kuomerera kutungamirira zvinzvimbo zvose hurumende hurongwa kuti 5 years. Zviri nokuti vakadaro "kurangwa" Czech lustration pezvakaitwa uye vanonzi nyoro.

Kunwa of lustration kwacho

Pasinei pachena pamusoro pezvakaitwa zvose, kuti izvo hurumende itsva akatsvaka 1996. The vaitungamirira nzvimbo nokuda vakundi zvose hazvina kukwana. Saka, kunyange vamiririri hurumende itsva gutsaruzhinji, akatanga kushandisa kuti lustration muitiro kuti neutralize enyika vavengi.

Yakasvika kunyange Vatslavu Gavelu, uyo aiva wekutanga purezidhendi Czech Republic uye vairidza chete seri de-communization kuzvidzora uye simba. In zvakachengetedzwa of State Security akawana faira paari, iyo, pashure imwe kurukurirano mumiririri zviremera Havel anorondedzerwa se "nzvimbo zvichibvira aikwikwidza kuti pamwe."

Nechekare muna 1996, kuti vazive pamwe mafaira dzavo, kana, mune zvakachengetedzwa, munhu wose aigona Czechs. Asi sezvo kwakanga dzinoverengeka "kwezvakazarurwa scandalous", uye kuvatsoropodzi lustration zvatowedzera anotaura fallacy uyu muitiro, kurambidzwa vamwe pamusoro Kuziviswa mashoko pamusoro venhau, zvidzidzo uye vadzidzisi yunivhesiti vakanga hwakatangwa.

Lustration kuPoland

Polish "kubatana" kufamba akatora Baton kwesimba pamaoko vaKomonisiti. Zvairatidzika chaizvo murunyararo uye pamurairo. Hurumende itsva kwakagonesa inviolability ari nhengo Communist Party uye kuchengeteka. Zvisinei, vamiririri kukuru dzakanaka kuti "kubatana" vachitsvaka kuti kunonyanyisa kuwana hurumende zvinganaka kusuma chirango chokushandira pamwe utongi hwechiKomonisiti muchimiro mujeri.

vaitaura izvi havana kugamuchirwa, asi parukova okushora vaaishanda navo chaizvo zvokuti kwacho zvinoreva hwapararira nyika. Somugumisiro, wePolish Sejm kushandisa mutemo pamusoro lustration, umo mudenderedzwa vakuru zvakawanda chete nevafundisi, mukuru muhurumende, navabati uye vatongi. Panguva iyoyowo, kuita pamusoro utungamiri chinzvimbo, abatwa mukuru akanga pachena kupfidza uye nokugamuchira kuregererwa vanhu kushanda yeutongi hwechiKomonisiti. Pakutanga, izvi nezvazvo.

Wandisa nokufumura nevakuru vatsva

Pakazosvika 2007, Poland yakatsvairwa zvinonyadzisa zvikuru zvinoverengeka. Pashure Kuziviswa Archive magwaro vakaenda wemutungamiri wehurumende Yanushu Tomashevskomu, kunozivikanwa murwi kwekodzero dzevanhu zvaakawanda Walesa, Aleksandru Kvasnevskomu (purezidhendi Poland rechinomwe) uye vamwe vakawanda vanozivikanwa enyika Polish uye voruzhinji.

Muna 2006, wePolish Sejm kushandisa yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuti lustration mutemo, maererano iyo akawedzera kuwanda vanhu vane mabasa paitonga yeutongi Party akanga pasi paruzhinji. Venhau, zvidzidzo uye kuyunivhesiti mapurofesa, vatungamiriri zvikoro nevamwe vakuru vakuru zviduku vaivawo kuzviisa pasi lustration kuzivisa kana kushandisa basa kana kumbotambudzika cheki iri chiitiko kuti panguva wokugamuchirwa yacho yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita atova rwaigara pambiru. Zvakare kutsiura kuyerera yawedzera kumboitika kukura, saka kuti Constitutional Court aifanira muPoland muna 2007 kucherechedza zvinoverengeka yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita izvi, zvisiri pamutemo.

Last wokupomera, achipa mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti "lustration - kuti" rakamuka muna 2007 ari panhengo Catholic Church. pambiru yake Metropolitan pamusoro Warsaw akamanikidzwa kusiya Stanisław Wielgus, uyo yakavigwa paunenge uchibvunzurudzwa iri Vatican pamwe waro Polish eHurumende miviri iri 70s.

Lustration anofanira mainstreamed kupinda zvose muupenyu hwevanhu, asi nuances uye mamiriro ezvinhu umo vanhu vari kuonekwa.

Lustration iri nzvimbo post-Soviet

Vaimbove dzeSoviet Union, vakawana rusununguko muna 1991, hazvina zvakare kakawanda akataura kuti lustration, izvo mutengo inonyanya overrated, kunodiwa.

In Russia neUkraine vakaramba vakaedza atange lustration, asi hapana bhiri haana kushandisa. MuRussia, mwero wakatangwa sechikamu rokuchinjwa vaidzvinyirirwa nokuda utongi hwechiKomonisiti wemurairo, maererano iyo vatongi vose vakuru vanobatanidzwa udzvanyiriri, vakaunzwa pamberi pedare. Zvisinei, chinokosha kupararira tsika iyi haina kuwanikwa, kwaizotevera kuedza zvose panguva lustration Zviremera hazvina kutsigirwa.

In Georgia, yeutongi uye Nazi zviratidzo rakarambidzwa panguva lustration. Nokuti zvinokosha nzvimbo havabvumirwi vaimboshanda vepahofisi kuchengeteka nadzo uye functionaries of Communist Party.

Lustration mu kuBaltic States

Mukuru resonance lustration yakasvika muna kuBaltic munyika. MuEstonia, Somuenzaniso, mutemo anopa mukutonga vanhu zvinobatanidzwa uremu udzvanyiriri munguva yeutongi hwechiKomonisiti. Latvia uye Lithuania vakavimbika zvikuru nemafungiro kare vanhu vavo, asi pano mitemo kuhupenyu inorambidza kuwana simba nokungwaririra collaborated pamwe kuchengeteka mauto eSoviet Union. Zvisinei, sezvo iri Europe, vakanga vachida kuti vatsive vavengi vake pachake - rokuti "ziva Kudyidzana" riri nzwisisika kwazvo, uye saka mhosva munhu asingadi kurasikirwa chinhu.

Ukraine uye kutamburira kuchena zviremera

"Lustration muUkraine zvinofanira kuitwa pakarepo!" Zvakanga aiva mashoko akadai seokuti ndivo vaitsutsumwa harisi chimurenga wokutanga. First zvakakomba vakatanga kutaura lustration mushure "Orange Revolution" 2004.

Zvadaro, muna Verkhovna Batsirai rakanyoreswa pakarepo 2 bhiri iri lustration. Maererano nomumwe wavo, lustration yaifanira pachinhu avo munyaya kwokubatsira ehurumende, kunze President vake adhimini functionaries. Mune imwe bhiri, kungopfeka munhu zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kunanga pamwe KGB of USSR.

The unoda Ukrainian muvanhu kukanganwira

Kana zvino kana ikozvino hakuna bhiri haana kushandisa. Maererano nenyanzvi (evanhu, masayendisiti enyika, uye zvichingodaro. P.), Lustration muUkraine hazvibviri, t. To. The nzanga zvakare anoda kutsiva uye ungangova usina zvechokwadi noruremekedzo upi uye zvose machinda.

Zvinodiwa kuti "zvokungoitawo hurumende" kurovedzera of the maidan muna 2014, ndivo iroro zvinodiwa rwevamiriri vari: nepakuchena kuzviremera, kubva 2010; hunoshanda chiitiko dzinenge 5 makore mukuru zvinzvimbo t bare uye muhurumende ..; mhosva kuna 100 vakapfuma vanhu muUkraine , uye zvichingodaro. n.

Muna April 9, 2014 muna Verkhovna Batsirai rweUkraine yakatobuda vakanyorwa 4 bhiri, inosanganisira rokuchenesa zvose kwevari Ukrainian hurumende - iri pezvakaitwa akadai lustration vatongi, vashandi mukuru vehurumende uye diki, kwemitemo navatariri, uye zvichingodaro ..