Mafirimu anotsvaga Oscar: runyora rwezvakanakisisa

Gore rino, iyo cinema yenyika inopemberera jubheri rayo - makore 120. MunaFebruary 1895 vaviri vekuFrance vatsvakurudzi - Auguste naLouis Lumiere-vakasika michina iyo yakabvumira kufema mafirimu ndokubva yava kuratidza zvinhu zvinofamba pahwindo.

A bit of history

Saka kwaive nemufirimu - unyanzvi hwepasi pose, hunopedza humwe hwakashandura hupenyu hwemamiriyoni evanhu. Nenguva yekugadzirwa kwehama dzaLumière kwakasimbiswa uye mukana wekuita mafirimu wakaonekwa, mafirimu efirimu akatanga kubuda kwose kwose. Iyo yakabudirira zvikuru yekusika mabhizinesi yakabatana, uye saka yakaonekwa "Hollywood" - firati inorota iyo inoenderera mberi ichibudisa mafirimu ezvakanaka zvose.

Pakutanga, kubudiswa kwemifananidzo yakatenderera kwakarongedzwa kune vateereri vanyengeri, avo vakapinda vachiratidzira matumba uye zvimwe zviitiko zvakafanana. Mukati yacho makanga maine mavara emakwikwi, asinganzwisisi muchokwadi, asi vaifarira vanhu. Zvadaro zvakatanga kuonekwa mafirimu nechinangwa chakakurumbira, icho chakakurumidza kuwana mukurumbira uye chakakunda kugamuchirwa kwemamiriyoni emafirimu emagetsi.

Zvikomborero zvinowanikwa

Sezvo mafirimu akafambira mberi, zvionekwe zvemafirimu zvakava zvakadzika uye zvakanyanya kudzidzisa. Mafirimu akabudirira zvikuru akaunganidza vateereri vakawanda uye aive nekubudirira kwebhizimisi, akatanga kupemberera nemubairo nemubairo. Zvisinei, izvi zvaive zvakangoerekana zvakasikwa, hapana chakanga chichikurudzira sangano.

Kuonekwa kwe "Oscar"

Muna 1929 chete, mukuru weMGM film studio (Metro Goldwin Meyer) Luis Meyer akagadzira rudzi rwemhando yepafirimu, iyo yakazozivikanwa seOSCAR. Kusiyana kwemubayiro uyu kubva kune mamwe marudzi ekusimudzirwa ndechokuti yakapiwa mumasarudzo akawanda: "Best film", "Best role (vakadzi nevarume)", "Best script", "Music", "Kuiswa" uye zvimwe Various nzvimbo dzakakodzerwa mubayiro.

Pakutanga, "nyika" yakadaro yemubayiro weAscarcar akatya kuvarimi veHollywood vaifunga kuti zvakanga zvisina kunaka kupa vakasika vese vhidhiyo kuvanhu vose, asi Luis Mayer akakwanisa kuratidza kuti nenzira yakasimba, mubayiro weAscar canva mubayiro wekugamuchira vose vanoita mafirimu, Icho chinoreva kuti mumwe nomumwe ari mubato remufirimu achaedza kukodzera kurudziro uye kushanda nekuzvipira kwakakwana. Saka zvakaitika: "Oscar" yakava kurota kwevose vanoita mafirimu uye nhasi ndiyo mubayiro mukuru wekushanda kwakanaka mune unyanzvi hwemafirimu.

Mune nhoroondo ye cinematography, kubvira mugore ra1929 kusvikira nhasi, zvinopfuura zana zvakavezwa zvakapiwa nemubairo unokudzwa. 100 mafirimu anotapira-makore ekukwira kwemakore makumi mapfumbamwe emakore ekugadzirwa kwemafirimu ekufambisa - ichi chiitiko chinoshamisa.

First prizes

Yokutanga "Oscar" yakapiwa kuvakadzi vefirimu "Wings", yakatungamirirwa naWilliam Wellman muna 1927. Mufananidzo wacho wakapa zvibvumirano zviviri: mumasarudzo "Best Film" uye "Mazano Akanakisisa".

Yefirimu yechipiri, iyo yakagamuchira Oscar, yakanzi "Broadway Melody" uye yakasikwa nemukuru weHarry Beaumont muna 1929 pane firimu studio "Metro Godwin Meyer." Kusarudzwa kwaiva zvitatu: "Best Film", "Best Director" uye "Best Actress". "Oscar" yakapiwa imwechete - mukusarudzwa kwekutanga.

Mafirimu anozivikanwa

Zvadaro mubayiro wepamusoro wei cinema wakapiwa mafirimu:

• "Cimarron" (1931) - wokutanga kumadokero, akagamuchira "Oscar". Pakupedzisira, firimu yacho yakapiwa zvikwereti zvitatu zvepamusoro, asi izvi hazvina kumudzivisa kuti asakundikana pahofisi yebhokisi.
• "Grand Hotel" (1932) - yakatungamirirwa naEdmond Goulding, pamwe naGrita Garbo mubasa rehurukuro. Iyi firimu yakagamuchira "Oscar" mukusarudza "Best Film".
• Iyi firimu "Cavalcade" (1933) yakatungamirirwa naFrank Lloyd. Mufananidzo wacho wakakunda matatu Academy Awards: Best Film yegore, Best Director uye Best Actress. Chimiro chekupedzisira chikwata chakaenda kumudzimai Diane Winjard. Akava iye wekutanga wekodzero yepamusoro.
• Muna 1936, chimwe chifananidzo chakatorwa, chakanga chiri pamatambo eAustralia-ekukunda mafirimu. Zita racho rinonzi "Mutiny muBounty." Kutungamirirwa naFrank Lloyd vakapedza pakurondedzera zvisinganzwisisiki zvezviitiko izvozvo zvakaenzana ne $ 2,000,000, asi kubudirira kwekutengeserana kunopfuura zvose zvinotarisirwa, uye bhokisi rebhokisi mubhokisi yehofisi yakanyanya kudhura mari. Iyi firimu "The Rebellion on the Bounty" yakakunda mubayiro mukutsanangurwa kwe "The Best Film", iyo yakaratidzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kune muiti Irving Thalberg.
• Mugore iroro, muna 1936, bhiopic "Great Siegfeld", yakatungamirirwa naRobert Leonard, yakarongedzwa. Mufananidzo uyu wakataurwa pamusoro pemutungamiriri akabudirira weVastern musical Florance Zigfelde. Iyi firimu yakagamuchira katatu "Oscars": mumwe akaenda kune studio yepafilimu "Metro Goldwyn Mayer", wechipiri - kumugadziri wekuita mafirimu Louise Rainer webasa rakanaka revakadzi, chechitatu rakapiwa nokuda kwekutsvaga.
• Tichifunga mafirimu eAscarcar, hatigone kutadza kutaurira firimu inotungamirirwa naWilliam Dieterle "The Life of Emile Zola", yakanyorwa muna 1937. Mufananidzo wakaunzwa kuvavaki vatatu "Oscars": nokuda kwe "Best Film", "Sekondari Yevarume", "Best Screenplay".
• 1938 yakava gore rekuonekwa pazvikwangwani zvemitambo yefirimu "Newe Haugoni Kutora", yakatungamirirwa nemukuru Frank Capra. Mifananidzo yakagamuchira maAscars maviri: mumasarudzo Akanakisisa emufananidzo uye Best Direction.
• Mafirimu eOscar-winning, iyo yakarongwa muna 1941 yakawedzerwa nefirimu inoshamisa "Rebecca", inozivikanwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Panguva ino mufananidzo wacho wakatorwa nemukuru weAlfred Hitchcock - mutungamiriri anozivikanwa wechinangwa chechifambisi uye mutungamiriri wekutyisa mafirimu. Iyi firimu yakabudiswa muzvikamu gumi nematanhatu, asi yakagamuchirwa chete Oscars mbiri: ye Best Film uye Best Operator.

Best Movies

Urongwa hunokosha hunosanganisira mafirimu akawanda eAustralia, ayo akagamuchira statuettes mbiri kana kupfuura. Muchiitiko ichi, panogona kunge kune mamwe masarudzo.

• "Zvakaitika husiku humwe" - ndiro zita remufananidzo kubva muchikwata "Oscar-kutambira mafirimu" naClark Gabble naClaudette Colbert vari mutungamiri. Comedy melodrama yakatungamirirwa naFrank Capra muna 1934. Iyo firimu inogonawo kuiswa se "Best Oscar-kutora Mafirimu," sezvo yakagamuchira mashanu maAustralia. Ichi chinyorwa chinokosha chakanga chapiwa mumasarudzo: "Best film", "Screenplay", "Kutungamirira", "Basa revakadzi," "Basa revarume".
• Muchikamu che "Mafirimu eAscarcar-", runyorwa rwezvakawandisa, rinosanganisira mifananidzo yekufambisa ya1940, yakanzi "Akaenda Nemhepo" naVivien Leigh uye Clark Gabble vari mumabasa ekutungamirira. Iyi firimu yaitungamirirwa naViktor Fleming. Nokuti iyi nyanzvi yemamhanzi e-cinema inofanira kuumba imwe chikamu - "Mafirimu eOncar-anowanikwa nguva dzose", saka inowanikwa uye inobudirira. Mari inokwana mamiriyoni mazana maviri emadhora uye yakapfuura mari yekubudisa mufananidzo makumi mashanu. Iyi firimu yakagamuchira 8 "Oscars" mumapoka akasiyana-siyana.
• Imwe firimu "Ben Hur", inopfurwa nemukuru weWilliam Wyler muna 1959 pa "Metro Goldwyn Meyer" studio yepafirimu, yakakura madhora 164 mamiriyoni mubhokisi yebhokisi uye yakakunda gumi nemasipiro eAscarcar mumapoka akasiyana.
• "Inzwi reMimhanzi" - firimu yakagadzirwa muna 1965 nemutungamiriri Robert Wise pafirimu studio "20th Century Fox." Mumabasa ekutungamirira - Julia Andrews naChristopher Plummer. Mufananidzo wacho wakagamuchira mishanu mibairo yeAustralia, mumasarudzo: Best Picture, Best Director, Music, Best Sound.
• Imwe firimu yekare "Gladiator" inotungamirirwa naRidley Scott inopiwa ne5 Oscar prizes. Mufananidzo wacho wakasarudzwa munzvimbo gumi nembiri, mubayiro wakagamuchirwa pamasarudzo: "Best film", "Best actor", "Visual effects", "Kushamiswa kwezwi", "Zvipfeko zvakanakisisa".

• "Hamlet" - firimu yakagadzirwa muna 1948 nezita rimwechete rakaitika naWilliam Shakespeare, rakataurirana naLaurence Olivier naGen Simmons. Mufananidzo wacho wakakundwa mumasarudzo mashanu: "Best film", "Basa revakadzi," "Best actor", "Work of artists", "Best suits".
• Iyi firimu, inonzi Forrest Gump, yakapfurwa muna 1994 nemutungamiriri Robert Zemeckis, inhau inofadza yehupenyu pamusoro pevanoda. Nyeredzi - Tom Hanks naRobin Wright. Mifananidzo yakagamuchira mastarita matanhatu eAscarcar.
• "Murwere weChirungu" - mutambo, wakabudiswa muna 1996 naAlexander Minghella. Iyi firimu yakasarudzwa kune 12 Oscars, uye yakakunda mipfumbamwe. Mutungamiriri anotenda kuti 9 "Oscars" - mubayiro wakafanirwa weboka rake.
• Imwe firimu inonzi "One Flew Over the Cucate's Nest", iyo yakaita kuti furore uye ichiri kuonekwa sechiitiko chikuru cheAmerica cinema, yakasikwa nemutungamiriri Milos Forman muna 1959. " Iyo protagonist mukushanda kwaJack Nicholson mutwere wekliniki yepfungwa. Iyi firimu yakagamuchira mishanu mitsva ye Oscar.
• Iyo firimu "Titanic" - chimwe chezvinyorwa muboka "Mafirimu akawanda eAustralia." Yakasikwa nemutungamiri James Cameron, nekuda kwekunge pasina imwe huru yemuchina weprofilimu. Nyeredzeri Kate Winslet naLeonardo DiCaprio. Iyi firimu yakagamuchira zvikwereti zve "Oscar" zvine gumi nemana, kusarudzwa kusinganzwisisi uye yakapinda mafirimu epamusoro eOscar-winning. Kubudirira kwemufananidzo hakusi pamusana pemhando yemararamiro aKameron - chido chake chekukura uye zvakanakisa.

Rwendo rwemafirimu eAustralia-kukunda gore

Zvose zvinowanikwa mafirimu zvinoteererwa nemitemo yakagamuchirwa kune mafirimu efirimu. Chokutanga pane izvi, izvi ndezvemhando yekutangira: vashandi vari kutarisa kuti vaone kuti kune imwe nzvimbo yenyika isati yatanga purojekiti yemufirimu, iyo inenge iri mumabasa. Izvi hazvibvumirwi mumitemo, asi munhu wose anonzwisisa kuti imwe nehurukuro imwe chete haigone kufamba, regai kuve mubhokisi yebhokisi. Nokudaro, kune chibvumirano chakanaka chekutsinhanisa kwemashoko pakati peklasi studios. Murairo uyu hauna kushandiswa ku-studios iri kuHollywood, sezvo pane zvose zvisingaratidzike kuti zvinowanikwa, asi kune dzimwe nyika, kunyanya apo vanhu vanofarira kupfura kumavirira nemamwe mafirimu emamerican, kuwirirana kunokosha.

Nguva kubva muna 1929 kusvika muna 1951

• "Wings",
• "Broadway Melody,"
• "PaWestern Front pasina Change,"
• Cimarron,
• "Grand Hotel",
• Cavalcade,
• "Zvakaitika usiku humwe,"
• "Mutinyane muBounty,"
• "The Great Siegfeld,"
• "Upenyu hwaEmile Zola,"
• "Haugoni kutora newe,"
• "Akaenda Nomhepo",
• "Rebecca",
• "Ndakanga ndiri mutema sei mupata wangu,"
• "Mai Miniver,"
• Casablanca,
• "Enda iwe pachako,"
• "Yevhiki Yakarasika,"
• "Makore akaisvonaka ehupenyu hwedu,"
• "Chibvumirano chaGentlemen,"
• "Hamlet",
• "Hondo yose yeumambo."

Kubvira muna 1952 kusvikira muna 1971

• "Zvose pamusoro paEvha,"
• "America muParis,"
• "Kuratidzwa kukuru kwepasi,"
• "Kubva zvino zvichienda nekusingaperi nekusingaperi,"
• "MuPort,"
• "Marty",
• "Munyika yose mumazuva makumi mapfumbamwe,"
• "Bridge pamusoro peRwizi Kwai",
• "Upenyu",
• "Ben Hur,"
• "Imba",
• "West Side Story",
• "Lawrence yeArabia",
• "Tom Jones",
• "Mai vangu Vakanaka,"
• "Inzwi reMimhanzi",
• "Munhu Kwemwaka Yose,"
• "Midnight Night Heat",
• "Oliver!",
• "Midnight Cowboy",
• "Patton".

Kubva muna 1972 kusvikira muna 1990

• "French connect",
• "The Godfather",
• "Scam",
• "Mumwe Anopedza Dendere reKuckoo",
• "Rocky",
• "Annie Hall,"
• "Deer Hunter",
• "Kramer v. Kramer,"
• "Vanhuwo zvavo",
• "Ngoro Dzomoto,"
• Gandhi,
• "Mutauro worudo",
• "Amadeus",
• "Kubva kuAfrica,"
• "Platoon",
• "Mambo Wekupedzisira,"
• "Munhu Wemvura,"
• "Mutyairi ndiye Miss Daisy."

1991 kusvika muna 2014

• "Kutamba nemhumhi",
• "Kunyarara kweGwayana,"
• "Usingaregereri,"
• "Schindler's List",
• "Forrest Gump",
• "Braveheart",
• "Murwere weChirungu",
• Titanic,
• "Shakespeare muRudo",
• "Runako muAmerican style,"
• "Gladiator",
• "Mind Games",
• "Chicago",
• "Ishe weRings",
• "Mamiriyoni Dollar Baby",
• "Kurwisana,"
• "The Departed",
• "Vanhu vakwegura havasi vari pano,"
• "Slumdog Millionaire",
• "Ishe wemhepo,"
• "Mambo anoti!",
• "Artist",
• "Operation Argo",
• "Makore 12 euranda."

Mifananidzo yakanakisisa yeAsscar-winning, iyo yakarongwa inogona kuenderera mberi, inonyorwa mune tsamba dzegoridhe munhoroondo ye world cinematography.