Maguta akaipisisa muRussia: kukosha

Nhasi nyika yose inofunganya nekuderera kwemamiriro ezvinhu ezvakatipoteredza, kuedza nguva dzose kuchengetedza mamiriro ezvinhu nekudzivirira njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, kunyange izvi zvisingaiti nguva dzose. Vatungamiri vezvakatipoteredza vari kutinhira alarm, vachitya kuchengetedzwa kwemasango edu, makungwa, nzizi, maruva nemhuka.

Zvinosuruvarisa, dzakawanda dzemaguta enyika, anozivikanwa sezvisikwa zvisingagamuchiri, ndiyo mhepo dzeRussia.

Mhedzisiro yakasvibiswa inokonzera kusvibiswa kwezvivako zvemaindasitiri, mabhizimisi emari ekumba mabhazi uye, nenzira chaiyo, inokonzera kupisa gasi yemotokari dzemazuva ano.

Pasina mubvunzo, nyanzvi, dzinofadza nezvemashoko aRosstat, dzinogara dzichigadzirira mharidzo, umo maguta ezvitsvina zvikuru eRussia anonzi ane imwe nguva yenguva. Uye, nokuda kwekururamisira, inofanira kuonekwa kuti vamwe vavo vanochengetedza hukama hwakasimba hwekugadzikana, ndiko kuti, mamiriro ezvinhu haana kuchinja kuti ave nani kwemakore mazhinji.

Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, maguta anonyanya kuchena muRussia - izvi chaizvoizvo kuMoscow neSt. Petersburg, kunyange zvazvo vasingatori mutsara wepamusoro. Uyewo mune zvinyorwa zvezvisikwa zvakashata zvisina kufanira zvaisanganisira Volgograd, Tomsk, Nizhny Novgorod.

Maguta anonyanya kutyisa muRussia anogarawo misha, uko kunatswa mafuta, makemikari, metallurgical makambani anogadzirwa. Kutanga, Cherepovets, Lipetsk, Asbestos, Magnitogorsk, Omsk neAngarsk ndevamwe vavo. Munzvimbo dzose dzataurwa pamusoro apa, nyanzvi dzakaona kuwedzera kwekusavadza kunokuvadza mumhepo, izvo zvinotungamirira kumhepo yakasvibiswa.

Hapana chinhu chokufema muNorilsk

Zvechokwadi, munhu anofema mweya wakaipisisa haagoni kuzvikudza pamusoro pehutano hwakanaka, uye kutarisira hupenyu hwake, zvakasikwa, kunowedzera.

Guta rakasviba reRussia muna 2014 ndiNorilsk, uko vanhu vanosvika 201 000 chete vanogara. Munharaunda iyi yenyika yedu, iro rinozivikanwa neguta-rakagadzirisa sarudzo, iyo Norilsk Nickel, inoshanda.

Icho chikonzero nekuda kwekuti nzvimbo ino ndiyo iyo yakabatana yekubudiswa kwemhangura, cobalt, nickel, palladium, cobalt, ndarama, platinum nedzimwe simbi. Iko inopa 35% ye palladium, 25% yeplatinum, 20% ye nickel uye 10% yecobalt kumusika wepasi. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Norilsk Nickel inobereka selenium, sulfuric acid, tellurium uye industrial sulfur. Nenzira, Norilsk haikwanise asi kutungamirira runyoro rwemaguta akaipisisa muRussia. Muguta rino chete inenge hafu yezvinhu zvakabatanidzwa patafura yaMendeleyev inobva mumatumbo epasi.

Pamugumo wenjodzi yezvakatipoteredza

Ecologists vanoziva kuti kana mamiriro acho asingashanduki kuti ave nani, ipapo Norilsk ichasangana nenjodzi chaiye yezvakatipoteredza. Ichokwadi chinotaura ivo pachavo. Nhengo ye carbon dioxide inobudisa mumhepo ino iri 2% yenyika. Uye izvi zvose zvinotarisana nechekupedzisira kwekuti nhare dzeNorilsk dzinoshandiswa kubudisa zvinhu zvinotyisa mumhepo dzomusi wezuva rose, uye zvikwata zvemhepo zvinowanzovatakura zvakananga kuguta. Somugumisiro, vagari vayo vanofema mweya unokuvadza kumhepo.

Ichokwadi kuti Norilsk inonyanya kutungamirira maguta akaipisisa muRussia, inotsigirwa nedzimwe nyika pamusoro pemamiriro ekudenga. Sulfur dioxide mumhepo inokwana makumi matatu nemaviri, formaldehyde 120, uye nitrogen dioxide inowanikwa kanomwe nguva inobvumirwa. Muchiitiko ichi, kukuvara kunokonzerwa kwete nehutano hwevanhu chete, asi kune zvakatipoteredza, kureva, ivhu nemiti.

Nyanzvi dzakaongorora hupenyu hwemiti inowedzera pedyo nemharaunda yemunharaunda uye zvipatara, uye yakazosvika pakugumisa kwekuti: kuwanda kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira zvakasvibirira mumiti uye mushwa zvinongowedzera. Kunyanya vazhinji vavo vaiva mhangura, zinc uye mutungamiri.

Zvichida zvine ngozi

Mune zvinyorwa zvemaguta akaoma kwazvo muRussia, Dzerzhinsk, iri muNizhny Novgorod, yakawirawo. Munharaunda ino pane nhamba huru yemakemikari makambani emabhizimisi. Makumi mana emakore akapfuura, zvombo zvemakemikari zvakagadzirwa pano , zvichiita kuti guta "rakatapukirwa" nezvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakadai sa phenol, sarin uye mutungamiri.

Somugumisiro wekushanda kwemahofisi emabhizimisi, masimbi akaremara akabatanidzwa mumhepo, iyo yaifungidzirwa kwete chete nevagari veDzerzhinsk, asiwo nemaguta evanhu vanogara munharaunda.

Rimwe dambudziko

Maguta akawanda akanyanya kusvibiswa muRussia akawanikwa munzvimbo yeFar Eastern. Tiri kutaura nezve Ore Dock naDalnegorsk. Vagari vomunharaunda vanotambura zvikurukuru kubva kutungamirira chepfu. Zvose zvinokonzerwa nemiti yemetallurgical, uyewo nzira yekufambisa mutungamiri wekutungamirira haisi yakachengeteka yehutano hwevanhu.

Zvimwe Zvimwe Ngozi Dambudziko

Panguva imwecheteyo, nyanzvi dzinoona njodzi dzenjodzi yezvakatipoteredza kwete kungobudisa zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvemabhizimisi emabhizimisi mumhepo. Kusagadzikana kwehutano hwevanhu kunoratidzwa uye kunokonzerwa nehutu hwezvinhu nemugwagwa. Chikamu chayo chekushambadzira kwakakwana inenge 40%.

Maererano nevamiririri veRospotrebnadzor, mamiriyoni gumi nemaviri emhando yehutu inopinda mumhepo gore rose, iyo inogadziriswa mumapapu evanhu.

Maererano nehuwandu, inenge 58% yehuwandu hwenyika yedu inotambura nekudengenyeka kwemhepo yekudenga.

Munharaunda dzakawanda, kunyanya Samara, Novosibirsk, Astrakhan, Omsk, Orenburg, Kamchatka, Krasnoyarsk, Khabarovsk, chinoratidza pamusoro apa chakanga chatova 75%.

Zvakanaka, kusvika pamwero wakawanda kubva mumhepo yakasviba inotambudzika, zvechokwadi, vagari veguta reguta guru neSt. Petersburg.

Dharaunda nekunaka kwemamiriro okunze

Zvechokwadi, munyika yedu yakakura kune nzvimbo dzokuti vanhu vanoita zvakasikwa mumamiriro ezvisikwa hazvisi chikuru (zvinopesana nemamiriro evamwe). Pano, mhepo yakachena, uye zvakatipoteredza hazvina kusvibiswa. Tiri kutaura nezveMurmansk, Novgorod, Pskov, Yaroslavl, Smolensk, Tambov, nzvimbo dzeNorth Ossetia, Karelia, Karachay-Cherkessia, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District.