Mari yekugovana ndeyei?

Kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvemari uye zvehupfumi (kugutsikana kwezvimwe zvinhu nezvimwe zvinoda), vanhu uye masangano ose anogadzira masangano anobva pauri - makambani. Mumushambadzi wezvokutengeserana, ndeye simba rechitatu uye ndeimwe nzira yevamwe vanhu uye yega. Kubatana kunobatana zvakananga nehupfumi (kana zvimwe) zvinodiwa nevatori vayo.

Kuumba sangano rakadaro uye kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvaro, mari inoshandiswa, iyo inoumbwa kubva kune nhengo dzebato. Uyu ndiwo rudzi rwekutsvaga zvakananga, kunzi "mugove wekugovera". Aya ndiwo mari yakabhadharwa nevatori vemasangano (vatori vechikamu) pamatanho akasiyana-siyana kuti vaone mabasa emitemo yebambani pamwe nekutsinhanisa kugoverana munharaunda yavo. Mamwe mashoko pamusoro pekuti chikwata ichi chii uye chinopa chii kune nhengo dzebambani, tichazotaura munyaya yacho.

Chikamu chechikamu: tsanangudzo

Pfungwa yekugovera chikamu inopiwa, kunyanya, muDare reMutemo we 1995 "Nekurima Kwekudyidzana". Maererano naye, chikamu chipo chepfuma kune chikamu chekugoverwa chakaitwa nhengo yemubatanidzwa mune mari kana imwe nzvimbo (iyi inogona kuva yakasiyana-siyana kodzero dzeminda, nyika, zvivako, nezvimwewo).

Mumutemo wehurumende, chikamu chinomiririrwa se:

• Kodzero yekutora chikamu munharaunda yekambani, yakagamuchira mushure mekubhadhara zvipo zvekugoverana (zvichida nekutsvaga mari kana imwe nzvimbo, kana nekubatanidzwa kwevanhu vagari mumabasa ekambani);
• Chikamu ichocho chebasa rekubambisana rakagoverwa kune rimwe nhengo dzaro, iro rinosanganisira zvipo zvekugoverwa zvakagadzirwa naro uye chikamu chakafanana cheimba yakagadzirwa munguva yebasa rebambani.

Kukura kwemugove wekugovera kune zvakakonzera zvakananga pakupararira kwezvikomborero pakati pemhengo dzebambani. Zvisinei, hazvina kukanganisa kodzero yekutora chikamu muhutungamiri: nhengo imwe neimwe yevanhu ine vheti imwe chete pamusangano mukuru. Basa reimwe nzvimbo panzvimbo yekushanda pamwe chete rakasununguka nehukuru hweiye aripo ari kuita chikamu chekugovera. Ichi chinhu chinokosha, chinoratidzwa mu Civil Code yeRussian Federation.

Mutemo wekubatana nekambani

Vagari venyika uye masangano edzimhosva akaita shanho uye kugoverana zvipo uye anogamuchirwa senhengo dzebambirano dzinonzi vagovhendi. Zvinogona kuva zvose mukusika uye kupinda mune imwe nharaunda iri kushanda. Muchiitiko chekutanga, vatori vechikamu vanoita sevakiki varo uye vanova vagoveri chete mushure mekunyorwa kwehurumende kwekambani sehurumende yepamutemo. Muchipiri - avo vanoda kujoina kubatanidzwa, kutanga vatumira chikwata kumakurukota avo, chinotarisirwa mukati memwedzi, mushure mekunge chisarudzo chakaenderana. Kana iri yakanaka, zvino inotevera:

• Ita mari yekupinda - inonyanya kuvhara mari inobatanidza nekupinda;
• Bhadhara mupiro wemugove - ichi chikwata chinonzi chikwereti (mari yacho inoshandiswa nemutemo wekambani);
• Tora bhuku remubatsiri - chiiti chehutano mubambani.

Zvikamu zvakabhadharwa maererano nemupiro wakaitwa, iyo inobhadharwa pamubhedheni kana kuendeswa kumutsivi wechirungu.

Vashandi vanovewo nekodzero yekureva kushanda mubasa rekushanda sechinhu chinokosha pakuenzanisa nevamwe vagari venyika (Mutemo weDare "Pamakambani Avatengi"). Nhamba yakawanda yevatori vechikamu muvashandi vekambani haina kukwana.

Chibvumirano pakati pevashandi pamwe nekambani

Nyaya huru inogadzirisa nzira yekubhadhara nemugoveri wemari kana imwe nzvimbo ndiyo chibvumirano chekugoverana. Inosimbisa pfungwa dzose dzinobatanidza nekupinda uye kubatanidzwa kwechizvarwa mune sangano rinobatanidza:

• Mitemo nemari yekubhadhara zvipo zvekugovera;
• Kodzero uye zvisungo zvevashandi;
• Mirairo yekubviswa kwechibvumirano ichi;
• Nzira yekudzoka kwemari kumunhu ane chikwereti paanenge abviswa kubva kubambani.

Chibvumirano chingave chakataurawo mitemo yekuita misangano yevamiriri vebambani, kusarudza kodzero dzakakosha dzemugoveri, kutonga kupatsanurwa kweimba yebambani mumatambudziko akasiyana-siyana.

Chibvumirano chekugoverana chinogadzirisa chimiro chemugove wekugovera. Mvumo inoshandiswa mumakambani ekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumutengo wakafanana wehukuru hwose, mumutengi wevatengi - maererano nehuwandu hwakaenzana hwokubatanidzwa kwehugari mumabasa ehupfumi emubatanidzwa uyu.

Mukuwedzera kune zvinotenderwa, nhengo dzenzanga dzinogona kupa zvipo zvezvipo kune imwe mari kuitira kuti kuwedzera mugove wavo wekutora zvivako mubambani. Pamusana pavo, vatori vechikamu vanobatanidzwa, izvo zvinosanganisira kubhadhara mari yekubatira pamwe kwegore zvichienderana nehuwandu uye nguva yekuparidzirwa kweizvi kuchengetwa kune mumwe mugoveri.

Kubatsirwa kwebambirano: share share

Iko mari yekugovera, yakagadzirwa nekuda kwezvipo zvevatori vechikamu mumubatanidzwa, ndeimwe yemakona ayo akasimba. Mune mutemo weRussia, mupiro wakapiwa nemunharaunda pakubatanidzwa kwebambirano haina kuziviswa uye haisi pasi pemitero. Izvi zvinopa chikamu chesununguko chekusununguka kwekushandiswa uye kutumirwa kwezvivako zvevatori vechikamu, izvo zvinoita kuti zvibatanidzwe, zvakabatana-stock capital.

Saka, somuenzaniso, mune rimwe boka rekubhadhara zvinokwanisika kugadzira kwete mari chete, asiwo zvivakwa, zvigadzirwa, nyika, kuchengetedzwa uye imwe nzvimbo ine mari yemari. Izvi zvinoshandisa hurumende yepamutemo, hurumende yekuteresa uye zvimwe zvikwereti zvinoshandiswa nekushandiswa kwayo. Pasi pebvumirano, iwe unogona kupa semari, kunyange kombiyuta, kukurukura kukosha kwayo chete nevatungamiri vebambani. Munyaya iyi, kubhadharwa kwemugove wekugoverwa kunogona kugamuchirwa mumari, pasina kubhadhara mitero kubva kune mari iyi. Mukuwedzera, vagovani vanogona kushandisa zvakachengetedza dzimba (ivo pachavo uye dzimwe nhengo dzebambani), kusanganisira mari yavanowana pane kuchengeteka kwekugoverana kwavo mugove.

Imba iyo inosanganisira unit unit yakachengetedzwa zvakanaka pamusoro pekupindira kwekunze kwemaitiro emubatanidzwa maererano nemutemo uyu weRussian Federation. Nokudaro, makambani anowanzotumidzwa kushandiswa kwemasangano ehurumende uye ehurumende.

Mhedziso

Kubva munyaya yawakadzidza pamusoro pekugovera mugove. Iyi haisi mari chete yekubatanidza kubatanidzwa, iyo kodzero yekuwana mugove weimba yake nemari inowanikwa kubva pakushandiswa kwayo. Aya ndiwo mikana yakawanda yekushandiswa kweiyo (uye kwete chete) pfuma pasi pemamiriro akawanda akavimbika (pasina chikonzero chekupa mvumo yekupa mvumo, kuzivisa, kubhadhara mitero, nezvimwewo).