Mariya Ermolova: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Mariya Nikolaevna Ermolova - Star Russian theatre Chiitiko ndiyo inozivikanwa zvinoshamisa tarenda rayo. upenyu wake rave akaisa basa yemitambo, nzira yake yose - ndiwo muenzaniso rusina udyire ounyanzvi.

Childhood ramangwana nyeredzi

July 15, 1853 akaberekwa starlet Chiitiko Maria Yermolov. Biography kuti mutambi rakatanga mumhuri chokuita yemitambo: sekuru wake aimbova serf violinist panguva Machinda Volkonsky, mabasa ake, akagamuchira rusununguko rwake uye navamwe hwake akashanda wenguvo of mały Theater, baba vomusikana akanga akamira ipapo kuva prompter. Naizvozvo, iye ane kubva pauduku mukusanzwisisa upenyu backstage. Kutarisa zvaitaurwa mubhokisi prompter wacho, ikagutsikana kuti iye achava nani mutambi. Ane 4 makore akanga achitamba pamberi mugirazi yakasiyana zvikamu zviri, uye vabereki ari kutambirwa.

Baba Yermolova akanga nutty uye romubati unhu, akaverenga chaizvo, kupendwa, akanyora nhetembo uye mitambo. Asi raiva hunhu zvakaoma, vana ndakarerwa yokunyanyisa nehasha, akanga asingatani nechisimba nokutsamwa pamusoro pezvisingakoshi. Izvi chachinja hunhu mwanasikana, uyo upenyu hwake hwose achinzvenga vanhu takawanda, aizvininipisa chaizvo uye vane mwero.

Kudzidza uye zviroto

mhuri Yermolova aiva pakati murombo, vakatsaurwa zvikuru, apo kudzidza, musikana aiva asipo. Baba vaidavira kuti vana mwana anofanira kujaira nematambudziko zvoupenyu, uye kunyanya haana hanya mafaro avo. The musikana akanga kunyange ABC, akadzidza kuverenga dambe, dzakanga zhinji padhesiki yababa. At mwana 9 makore kwakasarudzwa kutumira kudzidza paChikoro Moscow Theater School, paiva akasununguka, "ehurumende anazvo" nzvimbo panguva kutamba dhipatimendi, apo Yermolov vakanyoresa. Uye akatanga makore yakaomesesa muupenyu hwake. Dance tarenda, Maria akanga asiri, chidzidzo chimwe nechimwe chaiva kurwadziswa wake, asi vadzidzisi uye nevomukirasi vakacherechedza mano ake hwokudhirowa.

Mumakore 13, baba akakwanisa kuronga hwomwanasikana kwavaizoenda wokutanga kunoshamisa chinosiririsa, iye akapiwa basa farce "Gumi vasvitsa uye hapana murume" panguva mały Theater. Image Fanshetty Yermolova haana pedyo, uye kubudirira kwakanga, mukuwedzera, yakakurumbira mutambi Samarin akatongera: ". Ko hamuna kuva mutambi"

Asi izvi hazvina kutadzisa hope Mariya kunoshamisa chiono, aiziva zvose Mitambo vakanga vari mały Theater, aiva nechokwadi kwake guru, zvisinei chii. Uye musoro ramba kukudziridza kupupura chinhu Ballerina.

vanobudirira debut

Marii Ermolovoy simukai haana oneka uye kutarisirwa. Accident mumakore 16 akanga nomukana kuoneka pachikuva of mały Theater kunoshamisa basa. N. Medvedev Prima yemitambo kugadzirira Benefis uye kukurumidza kutsvaka yaitsiva nehosha G. Fedotova ari mabasa Lessing "Emilia Galotti" uye waanodzidza Mary zano rake candidacy. debutante kubudirira kwakaita kumbenge zvose, vateereri vakakatyamadzwa nevanhu vepachokwadi uye nemanzwiro rejaya mutambi. Akanga varangana kukotamira ka12, zvakanga zvisati zvamboitika kuti debutant. Yermolov pachake pasi dhayari ake: "Ndiri kufara nhasi." Asi kubudirira debut haana kurega zvidzidzo ayo kurwadza kutamba, makore maviri aifanira kupedza dzidzo yavo pachikoro uye chete yangopedzwa kupinda kutsvakwa mugwara kunoshamisa mutambi.

Theatre - dambudziko

Pakarepo mushure ndabva chikoro Yermolov akanga vakabvuma kuti troupe of mały Theater. Asi yemitambo utariri ainyatsotenda kuti muduku mutambi ndiyo yakanakisisa mutambo basa, uye nguva yake yokutanga kupiwa basa nouwandu vaudeville. Iye akaita zvoufuza vasikana vaduku, achivaisa zvakawanda kudzika nekuomarara pane the artist aida pakutanga. Zvisinei, basa Masha mu "varume uranda," Marita mu "The chamber kuti Mwenga" "mhuri tsotsi," Emma kuti Lida mu "Wedding Krechinsky" Marianne mu "Tartuffe" akava naye mavambo akanaka. Nokuti mabasa Maria Nikolaevna akaswedera kukoshesa chaizvo kwenguva refu nguva kutsvaka unhu, kufunga pamusoro mufananidzo muenzaniso. Okutanga makore matatu yemitambo vakatanga kudzidza kuti nguva yake, iye basa unyanzvi, pakuziva zvavanokwanisa.

A rakabudirira debut uye Kekutanga yekudyidzana omesa upenyu Yermolova ari yemitambo, pakutanga, akanga akapoteredzwa negodo malevolence. Zvakanga zvakaoma kuti aenderane kupinda boka nekuda kwake nyararisa hunhu. Akanga yakawanda rutsigiro Shchepkin mhuri, nehama yakakurumbira mutambi. musha wavo achienda kuMoscow intelligentsia, uye Mariya akakwanisa kuunza zvakawanda anobatsira vokukurukura kuti achakubatsira kwake ramangwana.

Talent inosuruvarisa Actress

Zvishoma nezvishoma, firimu vanoratidza simba tarenda Yermolova uye vadzidzise naye zvakawanda zvakakomba mabasa. Muna 1873, akanga rombo zvakakwana kushanda mufananidzo Catherine mu "Storm" A. I. Ostrovskogo, aipedza makore akawanda tichikwanisa uye honing basa iri, kuunza pakukwana. Talent anofanira kukura, uye mutambi ane kuwana ruzivo, kuti zvakanaka zvakazara simba. Zvakatora makore matanhatu asati ari mały Theater chakavhenekera simba rayo rose wechokwadi nyeredzi itsva - Maria Yermolov. Actress muna 1876, wakapinda chakanakisisa chimiro uye raibva kuti tibatsirwe. Zvikuru habitue of denderedzwa iri Shchepkin Sergey Yuryev nokuti ashandura kutamba ne "Makwai tsime" basa Lope of Vega muna Lawrence iri rakanakira yakadaro chiitiko. Mutambo kwakabudirira zvikuru, chevanhu vaizofara avhara mugwagwa uye pachinzvimbo mabhiza akanga achidzinga ngoro yake kumba, ndokubva aita kuti mutambi muimba pamaoko.

Ndipo kutanga hunofadza bhendi muupenyu Marii Ermolovoy. It anozarura munguva itsva iri mały Theater - paraiitwa dzorudo. chipo wake lyrical akaziva zvizere mabasa akadai Ophelia, Desdemona, Esterel mu "Star Thiruvananthapuram", Elisabeth mu "Don Carlos."

Asi kubwinya mukuru Marii Ermolovoy akaita zvinosuwisa uye zvinoshamisa mabasa, vakazarura pamwe kuzara tarenda rake. Phaedra, Sappho, Lady Macbeth reDare mutambi wakafadzwa nevaimuteerera uye nevatsoropodzi. Ivo akaratidza yake kuzivikanwa kuti zvakazara.

Maererano ano mutambo

Panoperera pakati 80s uye 90s remakore rechi19 Yermolov Maria anotendeukira dzinoitwa repertoire, izvo vasingafaniri nekuchiva uye pathos kuri muna ainakidza zvinhu. Pano kusimbisa riri madingindira zvezuva nezuva uye ona zvinhu sezvazviri vatambi. New zvokushanda tarenda Yermolova kutaurwa Mitambo wokuRussia playwrights A. N. Ostrovskogo, Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, AI Sumbatov-Ugine, M. I. Chaykovskogo, A. S. Suvorina. It kwete chete anoedza pachake nenzira yakanaka, asi rinorevawo akaipa vatambi.

The yokupedzisira kwemakore basa

Kubva 1910s kusvika nyanzvi basa iri mutambi yachinja, ake dzose repertoire, iye ndisisadi kuridza nokuda kwezera rake. Mariya Ermolova akamanikidzwa kureva mabasa vevanaamai nevakadzi. Asi iyi, akanga vabudirira okusika, kusanganisira basa Queen Martha mu Ostrovsky kuti "Dmitry ari anoedzesera uye Vasily Shumsky" Mamelfy Dmitrievny mu "meya" A. K. Tolstogo, Fru Alving mu Ibsen kuti "ipfupi".

Muna 1920, magnificently vaipemberera rechi50 gore wake basa rokusika, hurumende yeSoviet ibasa nayo musoro vanhu Artist of Republic, akanga ari mutambi wokutanga munhau kugamuchira ndozvaari. Hurumende yeSoviet muna 70s chikepe rechi20 remakore vatanga "Mariya Ermolova", akapa zita raro kuti kirasi yose mutakurwi watercraft.

Muna 1923, iye pamutemo anobva pachikuva. Asi anopfuurira kupa Concerts somunhu reciter wenhetembo, akasangana vateereri.

yakanakisisa mabasa

Actress Yermolov Maria Nikolaevna ane zvaimushungurudza tarenda simba, nokuti upenyu hwake mudzidziso pachikuva kupfuura 300 mifananidzo. Asi ayo chikuru basa vatsoropodzi ndakadana Joan pamusoro Arc mu "Maid pamusoro Orleans" Schiller. Izvi tamba nayo kwemakore akawanda kuti "kurova" kubva kusenza, uye chete muna 1884 kuti Danho mvumo akapiwa. Mumakore 18 akatevera, zvekuratidza haana kuenda pachikuva, uye Yermolov mairi chete kuwedzera. Pakati yakanakisisa mabasa zvinosanganisirawo: ". Winter kuti ngano" Negin mu "Matarenda uye Admirers" Ostrovsky, Kruchinina wake mutambo "Guilty Pasina Mhosva" Mary Stuart muna Schiller kuti kutamba, Phaedra Racine, Hermione muna Shakespeare raMwari

Marii Ermolovoy theatre - yemitambo ruzivo uye dives. Iye mudzidziso kwegadziriro K. S. Stanislavskogo.

Kukudzwa mutambi anozivikanwa nhasi bedzi vaairarama, Marii Ermolovoy mapikicha regai kutaura zvose hwake mashiripiti aikwanisa uye wake zvesimba pamusoro firimu hadzina filmed. Zvisinei, zvinozivikanwa kuti iye mwoyo vateereri ongorora uye simba ruzivo, akakwanisa kutaura kupfuura namano fambisa mweya uye mweya.

zvakavanzika

vomunguva All aiti kuti upenyu Yermolov aiva nomwero zvikuru uye achizvininipisa murume, iye haana kutsvaka zvomutambarakede, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda diki. Saka, kubva zvemaoresa pairi aigona chete kuonekwa tambo maparera, kubva hembe iye vaifarira pachena dema zvipfeko. Mumba rakanga wakaoma chaizvo ezvinhu, zviri chete yakashongedzwa nemaruva yezvipo nokuda vateereri.

Yermolov akaroora Nikolaya Shubinskogo kunyange vachiri vaduku kuti rudo rukuru, iro nokukurumidza akaparadza, uye akawana chinokosha dissimilarity pazvinhu nemafungiro kwevarume. Asi Mariya Nikolaevna Ermolova hwose akaramba kugara nomunhu asingachadiwi mwanasikana wake. Vomunguva akati kuti zvakanzi gare gare usapindwa zvikuru rudo musayendisiti vaigara Europe. Yermolov asi havana kuzoshinga wokuparadza muchato.

Mumakore achangopfuura, upenyu hwake chaizvo mufaro vangarwirwa muzukurukomana Nick, uyo akapedza nguva yakawanda. 12 musi March 1928 akafa guru Russian mutambi Yermolov Maria Nikolaevna.