Maxim Gorky, "Amai": chidimbu. Kuongororwa kweGorky's novel "Amai"

Tinokutaurira iwe ruzivo rwandakaitwa naMark Gorky, "Amai," muchidimbu muchidimbu uye nekuongorora. Iri basa rakabudiswa kwekutanga kokutanga USA (1906-1907). Tine kuvhiringidzika kwekunyanya kushandiswa munyika yedu, yakabuda muna 1907-1908. Uye chete mushure mekuvandudzwa kwegore ra1917 - muhupenyu hwepakutanga.

Andrei Nakhodka

Andrei Onisimovich Nakhodka (Andrei - "Khokhol") - revolutionary-pasi, yakagamuchirwa mwanakomana waIlovna uye shamwari yaPavel Vlasov. Ndiye chiKukraine, nherera-yakagamuchirwa (sezita remurwi anoti), "haisi mvumo". Zita rake rinoreva kuti iye "mwanakomana wevanhu vose," achifananidzira vanhu, "vose-vanhu vekutanga kwekuvandudzwa, iyo iyo M. Gorky (" Amai ") yaida kusimudzira.

Nhepfenyuro yeruzivo ine zviitiko zvinotevera.

Kusungwa

Iyo hero inotaridza pfungwa pamusoro pehama dzepasi rose dzevashandi, dzine zvinyorwa zveEvhangeri. Nilovna anomupa kuti agare mumba mavo. Somugumisiro wekutsvaga, zvinoitika kuti Andrei akatove akabatanidzwa kaviri mukutsvaga kwemhosva dzezvematongerwo enyika. Anosungwazve, asi mushure memavhiki mashomanana ivo vakasunungurwa. Mukukurukurirana naye kweNilovna, pfungwa yekuva amai muzvinhu zvose, zvakakosha, kunyange pfungwa yezvakaitika ndeyezvino. Uyu gamba anotora mukuponda kwaIsaya Gorbov, mutauri wepaguta uye musori, kusanzwisisana kwepamberi. Inokonzera kutambura kwakanyanya kwetsika, kunyange zvazvo Andrei anonzwisisa kudiwa kwekuparadza iyo "Judhasi" akadaro. Panguva yekuratidzwa musi waMay 1, iye ari pedyo naPauro, uyo anotakura bhanhire, uye ivo vakasungwa. Panguva yekutongwa, Andrew anogamuchira shoko mushure mePauro, asi iye anoregererwa mukana wekutaura. Shamwari pamwe chete dzinotongerwa kutapwa kuSiberia.

Nilovna

Vlasova Pelageya Nilovna i heroine, iyo inofananidzirwa mumutsara weRussia. Inosanganisira "vanhu", maonero evanhu vose nezvezviitiko. Izvo simba reNilovna unhu hwakagadzirirwa kuratidza kuchinja kwepfungwa dzevanhu. Rudo rwake kumwanakomana wake runoshandurwa kuva rudo rwevanhu vose. Izwi rekushingaira kwezvematongerwo enyika kunosanganiswa mumunhu uyu nechinangwa chechiKristu. Iko shanduko yehurumende inozviziva sechikwata che "vana." Iye, ari amai, haakwanisi kunzwira tsitsi naye, iyo inoratidzira M. Gorky ("Amai").

Nhepfenyuro yekubatanidzwa mune inoverengeka yemunhu mukuru unotevera. Nilovna panotangira nyaya yacho anenge makore makumi mana, asi anoratidzwa nemukadzi akwegura, nokuti akararama hupenyu hwake hwose achitarisira kurova.

Mwanakomana wake Pauro mushure mekufa kwemurume wake aida kurarama, "sababa." Mukadzi anomunyengetedza kuti asaita izvi. Asi kuchinja kunoitika mumwanakomana kunomutyisa. Sezvo aona shamwari dzaPavel, Nilovna haagoni kutenda kuti ava "vanhu vanorambidzwa." Zvinoratidzika sezvinotyisa kune heroine zvachose. Nilovna anoratidza kuti Pavel anotora Andrew kune avo vanogara, chaizvoizvo, kuva mai kwaari. Mushure mokunge shamwari dzikasungwa, anonzwa achinzwa kusurukirwa, sezvaaishandiswa kutaura nevechidiki.

Kuparadzirwa kwemashizha

Shamwari dzomwanakomana wake, mazuva maviri mushure mekusungwa kwake, vanokumbirwa kubatsira kubatsira kuparadzira mapepa pafekitari. Achiziva kuti anogona kukonzera kukanganisa kubva kuna Pauro, anonyengedza vashandi semabhuku asingabvumirwi mumusana wevatengesi. Apo Nakhodka anodzoka kubva mujeri, anomuudza pamusoro peizvi, achibvuma kuti anofunga nezvemwanakomana wake chete, anobata chete kubva kune rudo rwemwana.

Nhepfenyuro yeruzivo Gorky "Amai" ndeyezviitiko zvakatevera zvinotevera. Zvishoma nezvishoma, achitarisa avo vanouya kuzoshanyira Andrei, Nilovna mupfungwa anotanga kubatanidza zviso zvose izvi muchiso chakafanana nechiso chaKristu. Anononoka kuona zvinodiwa kuti ave ne "hupenyu hutsva". Kudzidza kuti mutauri Gorbov akaurawa, uye Andrew asina kunyatsobatanidzwa mune izvi, Nilovna akati haaone munhu ane mhosva, kunyange zvazvo akashamiswa nemashoko ake, anopesana nemweya wechiKristu.

Rybin

Panguva yemuenzaniso waMay 1, anotaurira vanhu uye anotaura nezve "chikonzero chitsvene", anodana kusasiya vana vari voga munzira iyi. Mushure mekunge kusungwa kweshamwari, Nilovna kubva kufekitari yekugara akatamira kune rimwe guta. Mushure mokudaro, anoenda kumusha kuti atange humwe hukama pamusoro pekugovera mabhuku. Pano heroine inosangana naRicbin, aimbova muvakidzani anotambudza varimi, anomupa mabhuku. Kudzokera kuguta, Nilovna anotanga kutakura mabhuku akarambidzwa, mapepanhau uye kuzivisa mumisha. Anopinda mumariro aJegor Ivanovich, revolutionary uye nyika yake. Iyi mariro inoshandura kuva kupesana mumakuva nemapurisa. Nilovna anotora jaya rakakuvadzwa uye anomuchengeta, saGorky "Amai" vanotiudza.

Chidimbu chezvimwe zviitiko zvinoshamisa. Mushure mokudzokera kumusha mushure mechinguva, anotarisa kusungwa kwaRicbin uye anomanikidzwa kupa mabhuku akaunzwa kwaari, zvakangoerekana zvawira mumaoko evarwi, vachiita kuti vatambudzike. Mushure mokushanyira Pauro mutirongo, heroine inotumira tsamba ne chirongwa chokupukunyuka, asi mwanakomana anoramba kutiza uye anonyora pamusoro payo mumutsara wokupindura. Zvisinei, vashandi vepasi pevhu vakakwanisa kuronga kupukunyuka kwaRybin uye mumwe musungwa. Nilovna, pachikumbiro chake, akabvumirwa kutarisa kubva kunze kuti izvi zvitize.

Yokupedzisira

Mukadzi aripo panguva yekuedzwa kwaPauro neshamwari dzake, mushure mekunge anopa mharidzo yehurukuro yaPauro kune rimwe rekudhinda kwepasi pepasi, inodanwa kuti ibudise makopi akadhindwa mumusha. Pachiteshi chacho anocherechedza kutarisa. Achiziva kuti kusungwa hakugoni kudziviswa, asi asingadi kuti mapepa acho apararire pasina, anoaisa mumhomho. Mukadzi akarohwa nemapurisa anotaura nemashoko ekudzikira kune avo vakamupoteredza. Kupedzisira kwebasa hakusi pachena zvakajeka. Zvichida Nilovna ari kufa. Izvi zvinopedzisa nhaurirano M. Gorky "Amai." Chidimbu chezviitiko zvikuru zvakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa.

Pavel Vlasov

Vlasov Pavel Mikhailovich (Pavel) - mwanakomana wemunhu mukuru, uyo akazova unyanzvi hwekugadzirisa uye anoshanda nhaka. Mufananidzo wake waiva P. Zalomov, mushandi weS Sormovo. Mugumo wegori uyu unobatana nechiratidzo chechibayiro chorudzikinuro. Muzita rake, munhu anogona kuona chimiro chechifananidziro nechimiro chemuapositori, nokuti pakutanga kwebasa pane kuchinja kwakakomba muhupenyu hwegamba kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yefashoni yakashandurwa kuva murwi wezvematongerwo enyika, sezvakatsanangurwa naM. Gorky ("Amai").

Nhepfenyuro yezviito zvake zvekare mune zvese nyaya ye revolutionary.

Basa raVavel revolutionary

Chiito chake chekutanga chekusarudza chakanga chiri kurwisana nekurohwa kwababa vake. Baba vangu, avo vaishanda sechekivhara, Mikhail Vlasov, chibvumirano chisingadikanwi chekurwisana kwevanhu chinopedzisira chiita hutsinye nekudhakwa.

Mushure mokufa kwake, gamba iri kuedza kumutevedzera, asi musangano une chitenderedzwa chepasi pasi chinoshandura kuonekwa kwake kwekunze nekunze, kunoratidzwa naMnu Gorky ("Amai").

Nhepfenyuro yezvitsauko zvezviitiko zvinotevera muhupenyu hwemunhu uyu ndeyotevera. Muimba yaPauro, misangano inotanga kuitika, iyo Andrei Nakhodka, Nikolai Vesovshchikov, mwanakomana wembavha, mudzidzisi Natasha, Feodor Sizov, mushandi wekufekitari, nevamwe vanobatana. Anobva anonyevera Nilovna kuti vose vari kutarisana nejeri. Kuvhiringidzika uye kunyengedzera kwaPauro kunoratidzika seamai "mhondi." Somuenzaniso, anoshevedza kusiya mhuri yaAndrei uye kufara nekuda kwe "bhizinesi" uye anobvuma kuti akamboita sarudzo yakadaro. Mukukurukurirana naamai, Nakhodka anodana iyo hero "murume wesimbi." Shamwari dzaPauro dzinoparadzira mapepa epekitari. Mumba make, kutsvaga kuri kuitwa, sezvo Maxim Gorky ("Amai") anotiudza.

Mhedziso pfupi yezviitiko zvinotevera ndeyotevera. Zuva rakatevera mushure mazvo, mararamiro emasangano ekugadzirisa necheki Rybin, uyo akauya kuzoshanyira. Anotaura kuti zvakakosha "kuumba rutendo rutsva." Pauro anotendawowo kuti pfungwa chete inogona kusunungura munhu. Munguva yekurwa kwevashandi pamwe nefekitari yekuita (iyo inonzi "maruva penny" nhau), hero inovadana kuti vadzivirire kodzero, vanoronga kuronga hurongwa. Asi vanhu havamutsigiri, Pauro ari kuzviona semubairo we "simba" rake.

Anosungwa usiku, asi mwedzi mishomanana gare gare akasunungurwa. Shamwari dzichapemberera May 1, Pauro anongoda panguva yekuratidzira kutakura bhaniro. Apo izvi zvikaitika, anosungwa pakati pevamwe vatungamiri (vanhu vanenge 20 chete). Izvi zvinopera chikamu chekutanga. Mushure meizvi, Pauro anongowanikwa muzvitsauko zvekupedzisira, mumamiriro ekutonga. Pano anopa hurukuro, achitaura chirongwa chake cheSocial-Democratic. Dare rakatongedza hero iyi kutapwa kuSiberia. Saka unoguma kupinda muzviitiko zveunhu uyu, uye ipapo nheyo chaiyo Gorky "Amai." Nhepfenyuro yebasa uye kuongorora kwayo yakaiswa kune iwe.