Medicine zviratidzo - kupangidza nzira achiporesa yekare avanhu

Munhu wose anoziva kuti chiratidzo mushonga - mukombe pamwe nyoka, uye vanhu jokingly kunzi "toscha kudya ice cream." Asi chii chinonzi mufananidzo uyu, raasingazivi vose. Ndezvipi zvimwe zviri zviratidzo kureva mushonga, vanobvekupiko uye chii chiri zvinoreva kwavo kwechokwadi? Izvi ndizvo zvatichakurukura munyaya ino.

Uko kwave dzokurapwa zviratidzo

Panguva dzakasiyana, vane tsika dzakasiyana vakatora zviratidzo zvavo uye zviratidzo mishonga, iyo anoratidza kunzwisisa uye maonero upenyu norufu, pfungwa mufananidzo murapi uye mishonga. Kutaura-siyana dzokurapwa zviratidzo, zvinokosha kuyeuka vanamwari akakurumbira - vanoitisana zvokurapa, vekare kurapwa nzira uye zvimwe zvinhu.

The inokosha uye kupfuura kare chiratidzo mushonga - nyoka. Zviri yavo mufananidzo mu-siyana rave richishandiswa kureva kuporesa. Nhoroondo kushandiswa chiratidzo anodzokera yekare dzomunyika East, Greece uye Ijipiti. Somuenzaniso, ndiye nyoka wakamoneredzwa muviri Isis, muEgipita vaichengetedza musande chokuporesa. nyoka zvakare pamwe chinyorwa pamusoro mushongwe Sesostris I kuKarnak, apo zvinonzi akati: ". I achapa upenyu, hurefu uye utano ... mambo Lower uye Upper Egipita" Sezvineiwo, chiratidzo mishonga yemazuva ano zvakare kwete pasina nyoka mufananidzo. Pano goroondo Achiputira kumativi mukombe, uye mumwe nomumwe zvikamu chiratidzo ichi zvinokosha zvikuru.

With kukura kwenzanga, kuwedzera padanho ruzivo nezvezvinhu zvakasikwa uye nyika evanhu, tichiratidza dzakasiyana mananara achinja uye kutsanangura. Nhasi, mabatiro yokupona chiratidzo chokuporesa vane zvikuru siyana. Pane Symbols akasiyana mashanu chinofananidzira mushonga, asi tichakurukura chete rakajairika.

Public uye pasiri Logos kuporesa

Nokuti misoro kudzidza mubvunzo, pamwe tsvakurudzo nzira zhinji yaishandiswa kudzidza yezvokurapa zviratidzo uye zvomene uye nhoroondo nzira.

The zvinokosha zvinyorwa kuti kudzidza nyaya dziri numismatics uye Bonistics. Wokutanga inoongorora mari, zviratidzo, Medals uye mirairo, asi wechipiri anofunga mari bepa iri kare, upfumi uye unyanzvi chinotaurwa. Zviri pamusoro mari uye Banknotes ose eras akasiyana kunogona kuwanikwa kupfuura nhamba zvokurapa zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvokuporesa, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko - kazhinji chete tsime simbiso nezvavanenge kuvapo.

Nyanzvi vachidzidza zviratidzo uye zviratidzo mushonga vanowanza kushandisa chaiwo kupatsanura, maererano izvo zvose zviripo mazita inogona rakakamurwa private uye vakagoverana. For private hanya:

• kuderera ropa - chiratidzo kuvhiya Profile;
• ruva romupata mufananidzo;
• enema (clyster);
• ruoko, palpable kupomba - chiratidzo kuvarapi;
• Mufananidzo Florence mwana;
• pentagram pakuvhiya, akadai scalpel;
• Urinary;
• dhaka nomutswi kana pasina - ndivo zvinoshandiswa vemishonga kana dzokurapwa munzanga;
• uto zvokurapa zvinoratidza (logos).

General zvokurapa zviratidzo zvakawanda nomukurumbira. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• nyoka;
• Asklepius tsvimbo (Æsculapius) - nyoka rutanda;
• nyoka vakakomba mbiya;
• nyoka mbiri yakapombera tsvimbo Hemesi (Mercury);
• zai;
• nyoka mutiraipodhi kuna Apollo;
• rambi;
• ANC Impoteha;
• nyoka entwine girazi;
• jongwe;
• imwe kana mbiri nyoka coiled they kumativi kenduru kana mwenje;
• nyoka Delphi guvhu omphalos;
• Tochi kana kenduru;
• mwoyo mumaoko ake, uye vamwe.

Saka, tinogona kugumisa kuti zvinonyatsorehwa kuporesa zviratidzo zvinorevei zvavo, uye vakasikwa kuti vaparadzane mushonga hwevatambi nzira.

Nei nyoka - chiratidzo mushonga

At mambakwedza yebudiriro, chete nascent chinyakare muvanhu, kana totems okutanga anoratidza Kusabatsira womunhu zvakasikwa uye zvakatipoteredza, nyoka yaiva mumwe vanonyanya kutaurwa. With veMubatanidzwa kunamata nyoka anonzi hunyambiri hunhu zvakanaka uye zvakaipa. Kudivi rimwe, dzinomirira kunyengera uye manomano, uye pamusoro mumwe - vaiva chiratidzo uchenjeri, zivo uye kusafa.

Zvinofadza, asi zvekare dzidziso chiratidzo mushonga vose vasiri dzine uturu, uye zvisingakuvadzi saka kunyarara. Kuti vakadaidzwa "Eskulapovy nyoka." zvinokambaira Ndivo vagari chitendero vanokudzwa nzvimbo mushonga muRoma uye Greece. Nyoka kufamba takasununguka vakakomba imba, uye vakawira achirwara zvakaipa - licking maronda. Romans nevaGiriki vaiva kwazvo kwazvo chenyoka ake, akavadzivisa mudzimba dzavo, panguva dzokugezera, uye dzimba dzokugezera.

Mutsika dzakawanda nyoka rinomiririra kutanga zvakanaka kunounza musha zvakanaka, utano uye mufaro kurarama mairi. Uyewo, maererano nengano, nyoka kurapa maronda uye vanokwanisa kudzidzisa uchenjeri chokuporesa.

In mungano dzekare, nyoka yakanga kunewo chokuita utano vanhu uye dzavo kurapwa, uye munyika African mudzidziso mushonga. Zvichida ichi ndicho chete chiitiko umo zvinoita kuronda hochekoche shamwari. Chokwadi ndechokuti Africa, vanhu kurapwa Tinongoda navaroyi, uye vari zvakare dzine uturu zvemashiripiti. Paiva cheni shamwari: ari muuki - nyoka - kurapwa. Zvisinei, gare gare, masvikiro akanga anyangarika, asi nyoka uye vachaporeswa uye vakaramba zvakasimba shwashwa.

Munyika dzokuEurope, kusafanana Africa, nyoka haruna chokuita varoyi uye nouchenjeri nezivo zvavo. It chiratidzo youth husingaperi - rejuvenation mune iyi inomiririra wepagore Molt, ganda change. nyoka iyi anokwanisa chaizvoizvo "kubuda pachavo" akawana inonakidza kufungisisa mukati ngano vechiIjipiti. Pakati pousiku, zuva mwari mukuru Ra pamwe boka racho ake muchikepe luminous uye anopinda chitunha nyoka hombe. Mangwanani ushingi ake ose kubva vana zvakare kugara muchikepe chitsvene uye mberi kwavo rwendo mhiri denga. Ndizvozvo, maererano vaIjipiti vekare, zuva anopa nzira usiku.

Kwakadaro ngano rejuvenation uye kusafa zviripo Ngano African, ari Sumerian ngano Greek. Sezvo chiratidzo zvokurapa yekare, nyoka hwairatidzwa pasina kuwedzererwa uye unhu. Zvakanga chete pave paya, zvakatanga kubatana tsvimbo, mutiraipodhi, girazi kana yakakurumbira mukombe.

Ko mukombe

Sechiratidzo mushonga - mbiya ine nyoka, saka chinhu chinotevera tichasangana kuva chaizvo izvozvo. Vakawanda kududzirwa chokwadi kuti akava chiratidzo mukombe chinhu chakanaka uye inobetsera, kuti ndiwo mushonga, nokuda maonero mvura yakachena ari dzisinganayi kumatunhu pose. Sezvo mvura munzvimbo idzi dzakanga kashoma, mvura ndokuva godsend. Save chipo vamwari vokudenga zvaaikwanisa nemaoko ake, akapeta mundiro, kana mabwe ane grooves, neyevhu kana simbi midziyo. Sezvo mvura akatsvaira misha yose vanhu, minyengetero mvura vakanga vaine zvikumbiro nokuda utano uye ndichengetedze upenyu. On stelae vekare vekuIjipiti uye murals vanorwara, kureva vanamwari kunokumbira apore, akabata mukombe nayo.

Kurapa nemvura vakava zvetsika nokuti nyika Yekare East uye India. Masayendisiti hako kushandiswa mvura kana dova kuti kugadzirira medicaments. Nokuti nokuporesa vakashandisa anokosha nemikombe akanyorwa nezvitsinga uye vatambi. Somuenzaniso, nokuti mishonga mwoyo ( "kutya chirwere") VaMuslim vaishandisa chaiyo "Kapu kutya" - cup mhangura, chakaita zvikuru yakashongedzwa muna Mecca uye mashoko Koran mutsvene.

Folk upenzi nguva yedu Maponesa kutaura chokuita mutsika nembiya "mukombe kutambura", "Regai imba ichava mukombe uzere", "kunwa mukombe kusvikira pasi," "mukombe murefu" uye vamwe. In kutaura izvi nhema hunyambiri hunhu chifananidzo - dvudonny Cup, zvakasikwa wedenga nenyika. Kana munhu wamwa mukombe okusika zvinhu zvepanyika, mukati ake anoreva nokuchiva zvenyika. By kunwa mukombe kudenga, munhu anotungamirira pfungwa kudenga, manyawi neururami, kusunungurwa kubva muzvitadzo zvapanyika uye kuchiva. Pasina rimwe zviratidzo chiKristu ndiyo chirairo mukombe - mukombe kununurwa muchivi.

mushandi

Tichitarisa mutambi zvokurapa, mumwe anogona kukanganwa pamusoro kwemudonzvo - danda knotted pakavakirwa kazhinji vachiapoteredza nenyoka. chinhu ichi anomiririra mugwagwa rutanda, zvichireva mbeya varapi. Staff kwete chete kunobatsira nenzira, asi kunowedzerawo padanho kuvimbana. Medical akadhindwa of India akakurudzira chiremba kutakura nomudonzvo, nekuti varwere vane zvakawanda kuvimba vanhu zvakakwana ruzivo, repakati, pamwe ukama kunyika.

Hazvina nyaya iyi uye akava kumumvuri yacho nomudonzvo chiremba, kunyanya zvakakurumbira England kuMiddle Ages. Dzimwe tsvimbo akaratidzwa sechiratidzo wezvokurapa matavi uye mashizha. Kwairatidza kutanga idzva upenyu, rejuvenation.

Vamwe mapepa regai kuramba ikoko, uye shamhu Mercury, kana Hermes. mwari uyu sechinhu murevereri pakati muguva uye mupenyu, pakati pavanhu uye vanamwari. Maererano nengano, Hemesi akasimuka tsvimbo yake sechipo chinobva Apollo. Waiva mubayiro chokwadi kuti tega chiridzwa, sezvinoita nembira, uye virtuoso kutamba nayo. VaGiriki akadana tsvimbo iyi zvemashiripiti kirekiyonom, sezvo vaRoma inonzi caduceus.

Pentagram uye mutiraipodhi

Quite dzakakurumbira ndezvokufananidzira zvokurapa, mashoko pentagram uye mutiraipodhi pamusoro Apollo.

Wokutanga wavo - mashanu-wakananga nyeredzi, vauye rimwe mutsetse. chiratidzo ichi ine nemidzi muMesopotamiya neIjipiti. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nenzira iyi kwakanga kwakabatana ne shanu anozivikanwa panguva mapuraneti: Mars, Venus, Saturn, Mercury uye Jupiter. chiratidzo ichi rinowanzoshandiswa sedumwa uye sedumwa kuzorwa nemweya uye zvisikwa kuti nhamo uye zvirwere. Papera chinguva, mumazuva nokudenga chiKristu yakava chiratidzo pentagram vanyengeri chikatsiviwa mufananidzo ruoko nemimwe vakapararira.

The chiratidzo chechipiri - mutiraipodhi pamusoro Apollo. Maererano netsika, mujinga meGomo Parnas Apollon akauraya Python - wakaipa romugungwa, wairindwa mupata. On nzvimbo yehondo zvakanga avaka temberi Delphi, temberi Apollo. Mumwe masvingo retembere dombo iyo yakafukidza mumukaha vanongomhanyirira hunonhuhwira. Pedyo yendarama mutiraipodhi agere Pythia - a muprisitikadzi, kutaura navanamwari uye kudzidza saka vachatsanya. Uye kubva Apollo aiva vaichengetedza zvokurapa uye kuporeswa, mutiraipodhi yake tsvene yaiva chiratidzo chinokosha chinobatanidza nhungamiro zvitatu mushonga:

• pachako nekuonekwa;
• Kuongororwa vamwe vanhu zvinoonekwa;
• mhedziso nomuenzaniso.

Tsvimbo Asclepius

Saka, chii chiri chiratidzo zvokurapa, unoratidza tsvimbo, iyo zvinokambaira kumusoro nyoka? Nokuti kutanga zvinokosha kuziva kuti chiratidzo ichi ndiyo kucherechedzwa kubva pamusoro VIII remakore BC. Nhoroondo chiratidzo ichi anodzokera mungano yechiGiriki. Maererano nengano, Asclepius (vaRoma akaritumidza Aesculapius) akadzidza basa, unyanzvi zvokuporesa, mumwe centaur ainzi Chiron. The nezivo, iye vakabudirira kushandiswa tsika uye akava nyanzvi murapi. Iye akaitira vanhu saka zvakanaka kuti Zeusi akatya kuti kuonga kwake kuita, uye vanhu vava usingafi. Saka akauraya Asclepius aine thunderbolt.

Pane ngano maererano iyo mumwe Asclepius akakokwa mudare raMambo Minos, kumutsa mwanakomana wake akafa. Paaienda kumuzinda pamusoro rutanda, iyo Asclepius vaivimba muchifamba, pakarepo vakakwira nyoka. Physician ndifare uye akauraya wake. Paakangosvika nguo goroondo upenyu pasina paiva neimwe nyoka, izvo anotakura uswa mumuromo make. Achibatsirwa boka uswa nyoka paakamutsa musikana wake, uye pamwe chete ivo crawled kure. Asclepius vainzwisisa chiratidzo vamwari, akawana uswa, iro rakaitirwa mumuromo nyoka, uye akakwanisa kumutsa mwanakomana waMambo Minos.

Kubvira ipapo, mufananidzo tsvimbo Asclepius rakashandiswa sechiratidzo yokuporeswa uye chiremba pachake Yakasvika airemekedzwa samwari chokuporesa.

Bowl aine nyoka

Kunyange zvakadaro, zvikuru ndicho chiratidzo mushonga - nyoka mbiya. The mifananidzo yokutanga chiratidzo makore 600-800. BC. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti chikamu mufananidzo wekutanga yoga uye paiva unhu Hygeia, mwanasikana Asclepius - nyoka iye akabata ruoko mumwe uye mukombe - mune dzimwe. Yakanga chete papfuura mifananidzo akabatanidzwa kuva chete isangano.

Zvinoreva chiratidzo ichi chechokwadi debatable. Munhu anobata naye zvakanaka, asi mumwe munhu. Kazhinji, mukombe chokuita chokukura kuchengeta uturu hwenyoka, unonyanyozivikanwa kuchirapa fuma, uye nyoka inomirira uchenjeri. Zvisinei, pane mumwe kududzirwa. Maererano kwaari chiratidzo chakafanana chiremba nezvokukosha akachenjera, uye kuchenjera kuswedera kubva mukombe ruzivo enyika pfungwa dzevanhu, rakafukidza nyika yose.

Most kunakidza kududzira chimiro tega zvokurapa vadzidzi. Maererano navo, chiratidzo zvinoreva kuti chiremba "wakachenjera senyoka, uye anoda kuti vanwe."

Nhasi, Logo iyi zvinowanzoshandiswa kureva mishonga basa.

caduceus

Kukosha Medicine chiratidzo unoratidza mapapiro tsvimbo, pakavakirwa nyoka mbiri kugonyaniswa, kuiswa kwete zvakare zvakajeka.

Chokwadi chokuti yepakutanga yaiva caduceus chiratidzo chakavanzika, chiratidzo chokuti inodzivirira vezvokutengeserana kana enyika tsamba. Yakanga chete zvikuru akazova chiratidzo mushonga.

Zvivanakire, kuti Logo anofanira kukamurwa akawanda nhengo:

• Tsvimbo uchimirira semuti Life, kubatana pakati pedenga napasi;
• kaviri akamonyoroka inoumbwa ne interweaving kuti unomonereka miviri - chiratidzo yepasi pose simba, kubatana zvakapesana, duality kuti mananara;
• nezvinokambaira pachavo - basa Hunoita pasi uye zvimwe nyika.

Ungangove, kuchinja chimiro yezvokutengeserana (political) vanachiremba kwakakonzerwa pamberi nenyoka, zvichipa zvose muviri zvinodhaka uye muchetura.

Red Cross and Red Crescent

Kana tikafunga zviratidzo zvokurapa, mukurumbira munyika yose, hatifaniri kukanganwa pamusoro muchinjikwa mutsvuku uye kirisendi. Oddly zvakakwana, asi izvozvo chiratidzo hazvirevi "chinhu zvokurapa", sezvo vakawanda munyika yedu. Rakagadzirirwa kudzivirira vanachiremba, akuvadzwa, zvipatara uye makiriniki panguva uto kunetsana. Naizvozvo kunaka kushandisa chiratidzo chakadaro Pharmacies, motokari rwekutanga Kits, gowns uye Caps wezvokurapa mudonzvo uye dzimwe nzvimbo. Sezvo aronga, anofanira kuva "mamwe" kukosha uye kushandiswa bedzi muzviitiko.

A zvakafanana kukosha:

• Red Cross;
• Red Crescent (mu Islamic munyika);
• zuva uye tsvuku shumba (mu Iran);
• Red Star Dhavhidhi (Israeri).

Panguva ino, Red Cross Movement vakabatikana afunge zviratidzo matsva, asina dzinza uye vezvitendero maitiro.

upenyu nyeredzi

Symbol zvokurapa, pikicha iyo chinopiwa pazasi, hakusi nevakawanda kwazvo Russia. Ndiyo "Star Roupenyu" - chiratidzo zvokurapa, uyo akaberekwa muUnited States. Mumwe nomumwe matanda twemazaya echando inomirira dzakananga basa amburenzi:

• kuonekwa;
• cherechedzai;
• Achipindura;
• rubatsiro pachiitiko;
• rubatsiro chokufambisa;
• Transportation mamwe rubatsiro.

mhedziso

Kudzidza mushonga, hazvibviri kusaziva kana havanzwisisi zviratidzo, zvichiratidza kupodzwa. Kufarira kare, sezvo tichiziva, anosika remangwana rakajeka. Yakajeka kupfuura tinogona kufungidzira kugutsikana uye kukosha tsika Baton, wakapiwa kwatiri vekare, zvikuru zvinokosha uye zvikuru zvinova chipo kwatiri. Zvechokwadi, mune mumwe nemumwe madzitateguru edu akaisa anokosha, zvakagadzirirwa kuunza kukosha kwayo kuti zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi.