Polish mutungamiri zvechiuto uye wezvematongerwo enyika Sikorskiy Vladislav: Biography, kubudirira uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Danda Wladyslaw Sikorski vakava kuonga nomukurumbira kuti kusangana kurwira cherusununguko panguva World War First. Akakwanisa chokubatanidza muchiuto uye chinopenya enyika basa. Mushure basa kwePoland pedyo Third Reich Sikorski akava sachigaro hurumende-mu-kuutapwa. Akafa ari kuparara, uye ayo ezvinhu achava maberekero pasi nokuda muzvizhinji yokupanduka dzidziso.

makore okutanga

The ramangwana enyika Polish uye uto mutungamiri Sikorskiy Vladislav akaberekwa May 20, 1881 ari gmina tuszów narodowy - mumwe musha muduku Galicia. Zvadaro, nharaunda vaiva hweAustria-Hungary, asi vagari vemo akanga kunyanya necheSalvic. Mukomana sekondari muLviv (Lemberg) uye akanyoresa veko Polytechnic Institute. Panguva iyoyo, Poland yakakamurwa pakati Russia uye Habsburg Empire. Hazvishamisi kuti Sikorskiy Vladislav akava kushingaira ubatanidzwe National kufamba. MuLviv, aiitawo kusikwa wePolish yekusunungura nemasangano.

Muna 1908, rimwe jaya akabatana zvinoshingaira hondo kuzorwa Union. The paramilitary sangano Polish "Sagittarius", iye akasarudzwa sachigaro. Ari Galicia vachikwegura Anti-yeAustria manzwiro, Europe kunotozongoita kusvika War World Wokutanga. Muna 1914, kuSerbia gandanga akapfura yeAustria mugari wenhaka Franz Ferdinand. Chiitiko ichi chaiva chikonzero hondo anenge vabatwa rose Old World. Austria-Hungary uye Russia vakazviwana kumativi akasiyana pamusoro kwezvinovharidzira. The Poles, vane nyika vakakamurwa pakati masimba maviri vakanga vachigadzirira kuti hondo yacho rusununguko. Sikorskiy Vladislav aiva mumwe kupfuura vanoshingaira vatungamiriri yekusunungura kufamba.

Kurwira rusununguko

Pashure kundikana inogumbura kweuto Russian muna East Prussia, Central Powers vakatora kumadokero mumatunhu raiva Russia. Pakati idzi paiva Umambo kwePoland - Polish kuzvionera mukati umambo.

Muna 1916, Sikorskiy Vladislav akava mutsigiri Germany uye Austria-Hungary, akatanga paumba kuti kusikwa rudzi-mamiriro pamwe vatsigire Central Powers. Mafungiro Izvi zvakakonzera kuti mukuru wakasvika yavairwisana National mutungamiri Yuzefom Pilsudskim, uyo aidavira kuti Poland havafaniri patronage vavakidzani vayo.

In abatana Germany

Kunyange zvakadaro, muna 1916 ivo chirongwa Sikorski chaizvo rakatangwa. November 5 akanga asaina chiito, maererano iyo Germany uye Austria-Hungary akaziva Kingdom mutsva Poland. mamiriro ichi chaiva Satellite vavakidzani vayo simba.

VokuGermany havana hanya Polish rusununguko, ivo chete vaida kutsvaga kutsigira Poles kuzorwa Russia. Asi apo Władysław Sikorski akaramba mutsigiri Germany uye Austria, vachitarisira rutsigiro rwavo pakagadzwa yakazvimirira mamiriro. Muna 1916-1918 gg. mukuru akanga achiparidza kuti Poles basa kupinda hondo Central Powers.

Mauto itsva Polish

November 11, 1918 Warsaw, vokuPoland varwi zvombo ravarwi German. Germany akanga achangobva vakarasikirwa War World Rokutanga, ipapo pokuchinja akatanga ikoko. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, wokuPoland German patronage yaisagona kuponeswa pasi chero ezvinhu. Mazuva mashoma pashure pamusoro pechiitiko dziri Warsaw akauya Jozef Pilsudski, uyo akava musoro wehurumende. Uyewo November, Wladyslaw Sikorski akagadzwa mukuru mudonzvo weuto muna Galicia.

Kunyange Hondo Yenyika Vokutanga yapera, Poland akanga asi kuti vabudirire kutanga rugare munharaunda yayo. Kutyisidzira nyika yaiva Soviet Russia. The Bolsheviks, nokuvumba simba rayo pamusoro mumatongo yakadhirika hwacho, vaiona Poland yavo yakakodzera. Hondo pakati vavakidzani vakatanga January 1919. Lenin vaiona chirongwa sezvo kutanga kwekupwanyiwa kwenyika proletarian chimurenga. Zvishoma nezvishoma, mushure akatevedzana vakakurirwa mapoka chena pamusoro fronts siyana, Red Army kusimbiswa kumadokero mirayiridzo zvose ake simba.

pamusoro Bolsheviks

Kubva hondo Soviet Russia vokuPoland mutungamiri zvechiuto uye wezvematongerwo enyika Sikorskiy Vladislav akaenda Polesskii rehondo, kwaakabereka mutungamiri. Aifanira kuronga neuto kubva muvare. Mauto Polish vasina chimwe kudzora centre, uye mamiriro yakajeka. Reforge muzvipiri Corps mune kuipa hondo vakuru vachiri vasina nguva. Munguva yehondo, Poland aifanira kutanga chaizvoizvo nemaoko avo.

Asi, pashure zvakava pachena kuti Bolsheviks vari kutyisidzira chaiko, mauto akanga nokukurumidza vakarongeka uye vashandi. An mupiro kukuru kuti ubudirire ichi akaita Wladyslaw Sikorski. The Biography munhu uyu - ari muenzaniso Biography chemutungamiri remauto akajeka, kuedza rwake nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana kugona ari kudzimbahwe uye munda basa. Hazvishamisi kuti itsva hurumende utungamiri vaiona zvakakodzera kupa naye kuita kushandiswa akawanda.

Kiev oparesheni

Sikorski akasarudzwa kuti nemauto Group "Polesie" muna August 1919. Kwechinguva divi rake vaiva munharaunda Minsk achiri. Ipapo akabatwa Mozyr. Red Army kanenge mana nguva vakaedza torazve guta, asi hazvina zvazvakabatsira. Muna April 1920, mutungamiriri wehondo akatora chikamu mune tsamwisa of Kiev kushanda kukomba Ukrainian guta maigara Bolsheviks. The kurwisa rwaiitwa pamuganhu nharaunda kubva Olevsk kuna Mozyr. In mashandiro ichi, kuti Poles vakatsigira 15000th hondo Simona Petlyury.

April 28 musango boka Polish mauto akanga ari mutsetse Vinnitsa - Kazatin - paChernobyl. Zuva rakatevera iye vakafora mumwe makiromita 90 uye akanga ari nechokunze Kiev. Mumazana ichi munzira Poles haana kusangana vairamba. Soviet weuto Sergei Mezheninov paakabvisa mauto ake, nokuti kutya zvakananga kwandakaita muvengi vakagamuchira nevanga.

Sikorski (Sikorski) Vladislav, pamwe nevamwe vake vakaenda Kiev, May 8, 1920. Zvisinei, kubudirira ichi kwaiva kwenguva duku. Nechekare musi May 14 Red Army pasi murayiro "dhimoni of Civil War" Mihaila Tuhachevskogo vakatanga counteroffensive, nekuti icho Poles aifanira kukurumidza pechikara. June 5 mberi rwakavhunika. 12 Red Army akapinda Kiev. August 6 Group "Polesie" akanga emauto akadzingwa mabasa. Sikorski akatora murayiro pamusoro 5th Army.

Warsaw oparesheni

Tukhachevsky kaunda-kurwisa akamanikidza Poles kuti shure. Army weuto vakapfuura guta idzva. In Rwizi ichi vaiva chikamu akarayira zvakananga Sikorski Vladislav. Mukuru, zvisinei, haana kuvhomora maoko uye akanga achigadzirira kuti mutsindo nhaurwa pamwe Bolsheviks.

Panguva yakaoma kana ropa yakafukidza atova pedyo Warsaw, ake 5th Army yakaganhuka muvengi kuchamhembe guru. Tukhachevsky simba iri zvakare rwakatambanudzwa uye vave kurwisa Poland nyore. Uto Sikorski akatora mukana uyu uye vakatyora panhengo Bolsheviks, ndine akatamira makiromita akawanda. The inokosha usiku inowira musi waAugust 15 kumubatsira kuuya weboka pasi murayiro Lyutsiana Zheligovskogo.

Kubudirira uku akabvumira mu-Chief Yuzefu Pilsudskomu kugadzirira zviri nani kuuya pakaunda-kurwisa, waiva kubvisa muPoland of "denda dzvuku". mupiro Sikorski kuna kununura kwePoland yaiva hombe. Akanga paakavapa kudzwa National muchiuto kuitira - "Nokuti uto noumhare". Muna April 1921, akanga Anotsiviwa Pilsudski mu-Chief hondo uye musoro General Staff.

makore rugare

Pakatanga World Sikorski akapinda zvematongerwo enyika. In December 1922 - May 1923. akanga wehurumende uye panguva imwe chete vakashumira sezvo gurukota Affairs Internal. Hurumende inotungamirirwa Sikorski akakwanisa kuwana kubva Western kuzivikanwa pamiganhu hwakagadzwa pashure mukuwana kurwisa USSR. KuPoland vakanga yakatora yokumadokero Ukrainian uye Belarusian nharaunda.

Kubvira 1928, Sikorsky aigara nhapwa France. The kuenda kwakanga nokuti kuti mutemo ndechimwe chezvinhu Vocal vanotsoropodza ipapo hurumende. Makore andakapedza muchiuto French haana chete - akapinda Higher Military School. Fungidziro haana kunyengerwa Sikorski. Rugare Europe yakanga pfupi.

Hondo Yenyika II

Apo aHitler Germany muna 1939, yakarwisa Poland, aigara kuutapwa Władysław Sikorski akaedza kuti kubva utungamiriri kunyika kuenda nechemberi. Kuedza izvi vakauya chinhu. Panguva iyoyo muFrance vakatanga paumbwe uto wePolish kuutapwa. Izvi muParis uye akava musoro Sikorskiy Vladislav. Danda akaita zvose zvaaigona kusvikira nyika yake akakurumidza kusvika kukundwa.

Mumwedzi mumwe pashure pehondo vakatanga Sikorski akava wemakurukota muhurumende-mu-kuutapwa. Vachitungamirirwa ake, mauto 84000th Polish akasikwa France. Apo Third Republic akauya pasi kurwiswa vokuGermany, Sikorsky mauto akaedza kumisa atadza. Pashure pokukundwa France uye hurumende Polish, uye vakasara mauto ake vakatizira England.

Apo Germany vakarwisa USSR, Sikorski akaenda resumption pamusoro nedzenyu ukama Soviet Union. Normalization ukama akanga pfupi. Nokukurumidza vokuGermany, rwaigara chikamu nharaunda Soviet, rakabudiswa ruzivo pamusoro Katyn vauraye. Nhau noutsinye chisimba NKVD nemapurisa Polish vasungwa vehondo kwakatungamirira mumwe kumbozorora. Sikorski akaedza kunyengetedza Churchill kumisa pamwe chete USSR. Vhiki shomanana gare gare, July 4, 1943, Prime Minister ari muutapwa, pamwe chete nomwanasikana wake akaurayiwa ikatsva pedyo Gibraltar. rufu Sudden chaiva chokupedzisira nevaya upenyu itsika. Sezvo kuchinja uye azere inopinza majana vakanga vose hwake. Vladislav Sikorsky uye rufu rwake vachiri kukonzera yakawanda makakatanwa. Polak akavigwa England pamberi Churchill. Madota gamba renyika hwakatamisirwa kumusha kwake muna 1993.