Cathedral chechi pamusoro Bibi Khanum: tsananguro, nhoroondo uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Yaiva Samarkand Bibi-Khanum - yakasiyana mapurani uye zvechitendero Monument pamusoro XV remakore, inova imwe huru zvemaoresa eguta rekare Asian. Nhoroondo kuvakwa kwetemberi iyi pave zvavo ngano.

kushongedzwa Samarkand

Famous Samarkand Bibi-Khanum yakavakwa sezvakarayirwa Tamerlane (Katya), uyo akadzoka kubva chirongwa kukunda kuIndia muna 1399. Turkish mukuru akasarudza nzvimbo yaro kuvakwa. Chokutanga, akarayira kuti akudziridze kumusika nharaunda (riri panzvimbo yaro, uye paiva chikuru Mosque yose guta).

Bibi-Khanum ndiyo mbiri nokuti vaishanda akawandisa vemifananidzo kubva kunyika dzokuAsia dzakasiyana: Golden Horde, India, Persia, Khorezm. In zvachose, vanhu vanenge 700 dzaibatanidzwa, 500 vacho aishanda mumakomo (ivo kutema boulders makuru ari matombo 40 chete kubva muguta). Nokuti senga kuti zvakashandiswa Indian nzou. Chivako rakadzikwa nezvidhina. Pakuvaka chete kushandiswa yakanakisisa mbishi zvinhu - ishe aida kuva hwose shongwe Mosque munguva yake.

rota ishe

Bibi Khanum aiva zvakakosha Tamerlane. Aigara akakurudzira Vavaki uye mainjiniya. Ishe Great akaita basa zvaidiwa chibvumirano pakuvaka anoverengeka ake nemagavhuna dzematunhu. Kuti zvijeke, boka ezvivako kare akasika munhu vakasiyana womuenzaniso chechi. The chirongwa rakakamurwa kuva dzakawanda zvikamu: chivako chikuru, kuti portal chematenga, Arcade uye masvingo. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe zvinhu izvi mimwe pamwe basa.

Legend mukadzi Tamerlane

Tamerlan kashoma kuti gara pasi. Akarayira kuvakwa Bibi-Khanum, akabva Samarkand akaenda refu kurwisa hweOttoman Sultan. Zvichakadaro basa rakaramba senguva dzose. Zvinozivikanwa kuti chechi itsva Katya vakazvipira wake Sarai mulyk Khanum. Iye akagara Samarkand uye chaizvoizvo akatarisira kuvakwa panzvimbo yomurume wake. With zita racho chokuita Ages nengano of Bibi-Khanum.

Mumwe akakurumbira ngano ane kuti murongedzeri mutariri chematenga yacho portal, wakada Saray mulyk Khanum. Iye nemaune akaredzva kuvakwa nekuti haana kuda kutaura bhayibhayi wake mukadzi Tamerlane. Saka akatora makore akawanda. Panguva ino huru Mosque pamusoro Bibi Khanum azviwanira Arch uye chena column (kwaiva rimwe nehafu zvidimbu chiuru). Construction ari inenge yapera, iwe chete ugopfiga chematenga yacho portal. Asi pakupedzisira pavaipfuura dzevanhu chido vakanga voda kunyimwa Samarkand mumwe yayo huru zvinokwezva.

hasha Katya

Yakauya 1404. Tamerlane akanga achibva rutsigiro rwake uye akanga kuuya kuna Samarkand. Saray mulyk Khanum mhanya mapurani painoperera Arch. Young murume akabvunza ushingiwo mibayiro. Aida kutsvoda mambokadzi. Mudzimai Tamerlane kupa mafeni kusarudza imwe nerunako dare uye akawedzera kuti vakadzi vose vanoitirwawo akanaka. Sezvo umbowo dzidziso yake mambokadzi akapa musoro dhazeni Mazai mavara uye akanyevera petitioner kuchenesa kwavari kuitira zvavo zvemukati nokuzivikanwa.

Asi hapana chakabatsira. Bibi-Khanum vakasara vakamira konekwa, uye Tamerlane ose zuva kwava pedyo Samarkand. Mapurani achiri vakasimbirira. Pakupedzisira, mukasateura-mulyk Khanum akapa nzira uye akabvumira mafeni kutsvoda wake dama. The Kumubata miromo yaiva rupawo, izvo pakarepo akarova nokuda kudzoka Tamerlane. Ishe Great akarayira kuti abate Rogue, asi havana kubata kuzvinzwisisa.

Old uye portal itsva

Akatsanangura ngano pamusoro Bibi-Khanum yakanaka, asi zvakaoma ane chokuita chokwadi. Chekutanga, mukadzi Tamerlane panguva kuvakwa aiva nemakore anenge 60, iyo anoramba Dzidziso pamusoro runako wake kweuduku. Chechipiri, sezvo venhoroondo kupupura Katya chaizvoizvo aiva nehasha, asi kwete nekuda nokushorwa murongedzeri, asi nekuda yakaderera (sezvo zvaiita kuti ishe) portal. Atadza kutsungirira mitoro yavo wamambo, basa "kuvaka remakore", akaurayiwa muna September 1404.

At murayiro Tamerlane kunaka suo portal rakaparadzwa uye akavaka mutsva mumwe panzvimbo yayo, kunyange mune ukuru. Back kumba, ishe akanga arwara. Aisagona kufamba vakazvimiririra, uye saka akarayira vashandi vake kuti itakurwe nawo nzvimbo. Emperor akakurudzira vashandi kuti ndokuakushira mugomba nyama uye kunyange mari. Nokukurumidza Arch rakapera, uye Bibi-Khanum akatanga kutora vatendi. Kana murefu Maberere, ipapo mhosva pokudengenyeka izvozvo yakadhirika makore mashomanana pashure kuvakwa. Kuidzosa hakuchisina akaedza. Asi kunyimwa kwedenga, kuti chechi varasikirwa UKURU wayo.

patani Features

Bibi Khanum - the hwokugadzira panogumira kuvakwa uri pamusoro XV remakore. Pamusoro nechepakati hwomukova hwakatamisirwa ane simba uye zvisati Arch. A huru portal ne chena machena. Tenzi akashandisa mhando vanomwe nesimbi kuti kugadzirwa pasuo regedhi (kusanganisira goridhe nesirivha) Building kukwirira yakasvika mana metres, kumusoro kwayo korona chihombe kaviri rising.

A nzvimbo chaiyo yaiva chivanze ane tsime, takapoteredzwa mhirizhonga kunoshamisa yembiru, pachena mumitsara mina. Pano aiva masikati Chishanu minyengetero ruzhinji vaMuslim Samarkand. Zviuru vakatendeka, zvakarongwa pamichanja dzavo mumumvuri yembiru chena, vaiva kwazvo pamberi Kubatanidzwa vazhinji vechitendero.

chiratidzo weguta

The chikuru rising yakakurumbira chechi yakanga yakakwirira kuti kunyange magetsi asingaverengeki chandeliers uye mwenje kugona kubvisa rima ake. On Tile masvingo akazorora vakawanda magirazi. Achiratidza chiedza chezuva, vakapa chechi rakasiyana nemamwe mhepo. Izvi fungidziro Manyiminya kwakatungamirira pakuti azure mazibota (kupendwa ruvara denga) uye neshongwe minareeteissa dzinopenya uchenjeri kucherechedzwa. Inside, mokupera yakashongedzwa florid zvishongo uye machena mosaics. Nhasi vachiri katyamadza fungidziro. Painting pamusoro nesuko uye wakavezwa huni uyewo vakapona nguva yedu.

Medieval vadetembi nevanyori uye akaenzanisa muenzaniso chematenga Bibi-Khanum pamwe hweGwara Way uye map denga rizere nenyeredzi. The kamuri pacharo akagashira zvinoshamisa acoustics. Kunyange kunyarara imams kuparidza rakabudisa munzvimbo yakakura marefu uye inzwiwe zviuru vechiMuslim vanopinda mosques minyengetero nezuva. Maererano Islamic tsika, tenzi scribbled womukati uye dzokunze masvingo dzetemberi mashoko kubva Koran. Hapana mubvunzo kuti Bibi-Khanum, yaiva musimboti woupenyu yezvechitendero Samarkand. Kuchinja nguva, madzimambo uye hurumende, uye chete akagara ichi kumbochinja.

yokugara kwokutenda

Chinonyanya kukosha chikamu Bibi Khanum - the mihrab. Izvi niche parusvingo, yakashongedzwa aine Arch duku uye vaviri mbiru. Sezvo neimwe chechi, kubva mihrab Bibi-Khanum anotaura guta dzvene Mecca vaMuslim. In niche ichi rakagara richidudzirwa akanyengetera imams. It chinhu analoginen kana muKristu atari apse.

A pachena chepfungwa Bibi-Khanum somunhu chechi - pamberi minbar. In dhipatimendi iyi Imam akataura Chishanu mharidzo. The setsika kwakaitika zvachose runyararo. The akatendeka vainyatsoteerera mashoko Imam uye pfungwa mharidzo yake.

Mosque uye Mausoleum

Bibi-Khanum akatora vatendi kwemakore akawanda kunyange dzose nekudengenyika kwenyika Central Asia. Kwemazana emakore chivako vasingagoni raderera, asi kereke vakakwanisa kuchengeta saizvozvo vazhinji nevamwe rakasiyana rainzwika Samarkand. About sei restavrilovali Bibi-Khanum ane ano akazvimirira Uzbekistan, maererano masvingo uye omukati ari Ensemble, inoramba katyamadza rayo UKURU uye exclusivity. Zviremera hanya shongwe nhoroondo uye nhasi. The wokupedzisira Studies pamusoro pokudzorerwa uye kuvaka akatora nguva huru (1968 -. 2003 gg). The Kucherwa matongo vakapa sayenzi chaizvo zvinokosha zvinoratidza. Nhasi, ari chechi anoramba kugamuchira vaenzi. minamato yechitendero inoitirwa, asi kuvaka rava rinokosha miziyamu. Mapurani Ensemble ndokwenguva nzvimbo 18 zviuru mativi mamita.

Pamwe chete chechi yakanga akavaka mausoleum pamusoro Bibi-Khanum, riri zvakananga mhiri kubva kwaari. In guva ichi akawana yaro yokupedzisira nzvimbo vakadzi mhuri Tamerlane raMwari. First akavigwa mausoleum amai Saray mulyk Khanum. Katya yakavakwa kuti private mhuri guva, waiva mumwe rutivi Samarkand.