Kutaurirana maturusi, nhoroondo, chokwadi

Kukura vanhu chamboitika zvakaenzana, kwaiva nguva kurega kunotanga uye kwesayenzi Kubudirira. Saizvozvowo, nyaya kumhuka uye nzira mashoko hutachiwana. Interesting chokwadi uye Zvakawanikwa zvinoenderana nechipimo iyi nhoroondo kutevedzana munyaya ino. Kusimba, chinhu pasina nzanga dzemazuva ano zviri nhasi ivepo, vanhu pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri anonzi hazviiti uye naka, uye kazhinji haishandi.

Pakutanga kwezana

Kutanga kubva kupfuura kare kuti nguva yedu vanhu achishingaira kushandiswa inzwi uye chiedza sezvo huru achishandisa kupararira kwemashoko, nhoroondo dzavo kushandiswa ane chemakore. Mukuwedzera zvakasiyana-siyana izvo namadzibaba edu kare vakayambira nezvengozi evarume kana akavadana kunovhima, chiedza akanga mukana kuunza mashoko anokosha pamusoro madaro marefu. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, chiratidzo moto, mwenje, Mazimbe mapfumo, miseve, uye dzimwe namano. Around nemisha boka ravarwi kuvakwa aine chiratidzo moto kuti ngozi haina kubata vanhu takarivara. A-siyana mashoko inoda akapfuura, zvichiita kuti kushandiswa nevamwe kworudzi remitemo uye kutsigira hwokugadzira makaseti zvinhu zvakadai ngoma, miridzo, gongs, nyanga uye dzimwe mhuka.

Kushandisa bumbiro remitemo iri mugungwa sezvo zvikabva pakati neteregirafu

Special budiriro Coding akamuka iwe kufamba nomumvura. Kana murume wokutanga akaenda kugungwa, okutanga zvikwangwani. VaGiriki vekare navamwe mubatanidzwa zhenje akapfuura mashoko kuperetera. Uyewo mugungwa kushandisa dzakasiyana chimiro uye ruvara chiratidzo mireza. Saka, paiva chinhu chakadai somunhu semaphore paaishandisa anokosha gadziriro mireza kana marambi aigona kutapurira mashoko akasiyana. Ndivo kuedza vokutanga wiring. Gare gare, pakanga zvombo. Pasinei nokuti nhoroondo pokumuka achishandisa mashoko yedzimudzangara hakumo munzvimbo, uye kubva chinyakare nguva paiva incredible shanduka, nzira dzokukurukura idzi munyika dzakawanda uye muupenyu haisi akarasika kukosha kwavo.

Zvokurarama kuchengeta mashoko okutanga

Zvisinei, vanhu kutyira kwete chete nzira mashoko hutachiwana. Nhoroondo okuchengetera wayo anodzokera pakutanga kwenguva. Muenzaniso uyu ndiwo mubako mifananidzo iri siyana mumapako yekare, nekuti nemhaka kwavari chinogona kuoneka zvimwe zvoupenyu kare. Nzira kuchengeta, kunyora uye kuchengetera ruzivo kunge wakashanduka-shanduka uye yatsiviwa vanodhirowa nomumapako vakauya ecuneiform njanji - hieroglyphs, uye pakupedzisira vachinyora. Tinogona kutaura kuti kubvira nguva ino anotanga nyaya pakusikwa achishandisa mashoko kuchinjirwa pasi pose.

Kugadzirwa kunyora akatanga mashoko chimurenga munhoroondo yevanhu, nokuti mukana wokutora, kuparadzira nekufambisa zivo kusvikira runotevera. Kunyora akapa kurudziro simba kune tsika uye zvoupfumi pamusoro dzomunyika kuti kugona pamberi vamwe. Muzana XVI remakore, kudhinda yagadzirwa yaiva sefungu idzva mashoko chimurenga. Zvino unogona kuchengeta mashoko ari bhuku guru, uye zvava nyore, saka kuti pfungwa "kuverenga" zvava kwose kwose. Ichi chinhu chakakosha kwazvo nguva munhoroondo yebudiriro yevanhu, nokuti mabhuku akava pfuma venyika kwete mumwe chete, asiwo wezvenyika yose.

Post shoko

Mail sezvo aakaudzwa rinoreva kushandiswa asati kutanga kunyora kuvamba. Nhume Pakutanga vakapfuura nemumuromo mishumo. Zvisinei, nokuuya kwakaita mukana kunyora shoko iri mhando kukurukurirana kwava kunyange akakurumbira zvikuru. The nhume dzakanga pakutanga netsoka, gare gare - bhiza. In dzakabudirira mararamiro ekare rave zvakanaka yakasimbiswa mabha- basa pahwaro ari ataure. Wokutanga basa mabha- dzakatangira muIjipiti yekare uye Mesopotamia. Vari kunyanya kushandiswa zvinangwa zvechiuto. Egyptian neposvo aiva mumwe wokutanga uye akura, kuti vaEgipita kutanga kushandisa keriya njiva. Mune ramangwana, e-mail vakatanga kupararira kune dzimwe dzomunyika.

Kukura neteregirafu

Nhoroondo pokumuka nzira yokukurukurirana zvikuru sezvingatarisirwa rinotanga neteregirafu. Musimboti chokutanga cabling, izvo tega uye Demokrit Kleoksen (uzivi hwechiGiriki) akanga kugabhuka, rakanga ambotaurwa. Zvisinei, haana kubata, uye kuedza nokugadzirwa pakubhadhara itsva wiring vaite nyanzvi siyana kubva pakutanga XVII remakore.

Muna 1793 yagadzirwa Manyiminya neteregirafu, inova pfungwa vangasimudzira itsva, zvikasashanda pahwaro chiedza. Zvisinei, aifanira itsva nzira uchatamisa yakawanda mashoko. Uye chete nemhaka kuwanikwa remagetsi mafungu akazviratidza kuna kure kukurukurirana mhando iyi, sezvo yemagetsi teregirafu. It yakazopiwa tega ane electrostatic uye electrochemical namano.

Remagetsi teregirafu raundi mhando akaonekwa 1832 nemhaka nokuedza musayendisiti wokuRussia PL Schilling uye electromechanical akanga patented muna 1840 na Samuel Morse, uyo tega munhu telegraphic bumbiro chairo. Muna 1939, B. S. Jacobi akazogadzira kunyora wokutanga, uye muna 1850 godu - wokutanga teleprinter.

Foni somugumisiro kujairika chiedzwa

Next anouya nechitarisiko foni yako senzira itsva achitumira mashoko. Nyaya kunotangira ake kubva 1837, apo Charles Page, imwe musayendisiti American, yakagadzirirwa munhu "nangananga waya" - zvikabva ramangwana foni. More anofungidzirwa Shanduro zvakasikwa muna 1860 chikoro wefizikisi mudzidzisi kubva Germany Philipp Reis. Asi mudziyo aigona chete fambisa nomumwe ruzha akavhiringika. Kumba Kings kuvamba haina akaonga, uye akaenda States, uko akanga asungwa pamusoro nokuchengeta quackery, nekuti vokuAmerica vaiva nechokwadi kuti hazvibviri inzwi pamusoro waya. Asi ramangwana musiki yokutanga chaiyo dzenhare A. G. Bell, mudzidzisi pachikoro chematsi, vakazoguma vaiziva basa Reis. Aida kusika pasi ayo hwaro kuti midziyo kune ruzha dzikava chiedza anonongedzera, kudzidzisa vana matsi kutaura. Somugumisiro, mumwe zvachose anongoitika nzira, iye akasika uye patented foni yake February 14, 1876. Maererano Bell pacharo, akakwanisa kusika zano rakadaro nokuti haina kuziva mitemo magetsi okugadzira. "Handset Bella" - mumwe kumumvuri of mudziyo yaizivikanwa kwatiri - akasikwa 1878.

Pakusikwa redhiyo senzira mashoko hutachiwana. History of kukurukurirana pasina tambo bwezvingoro

American Maroni Loomis akatanga kumumvuri ane Wireless kubatana rokutanga 1868, kureba kwakanga anenge 22 km. Kuti akaona mukana pave yemarudzi Wireless chaivo, akapa kuti vanhu vachakwanisa kudzidza kushandisa magetsi kubva mumhepo. Loomis akati pamusoro sai, nokuvapo yaiva akasimbisa Genrihom Gertsem chete pashure pemakore 19.

Loomis pfungwa dzakanga kushandisa A. S. Popovym, uyo akakurukura redhiyo rokutanga renyika, Yedzidzo pfungwa Petersburg University April 25, 1895 (Old Style 7 May). A May 24, 1896 pakava kuchinjwa yenyika yokutanga redhiyo mashoko chinyorwa zvinosanganisira mashoko maviri "Genrih Gerts". Waiva mutero kuna Popov kuti titarise hwomukova musayendisiti German. Nenzira, pfungwa pakushandisa Wireless kukurukurirana kuti ngarava kushanda wokushandura mashoko uye nenhamo pfungwa Popov.

Mugumo XIX remakore rakanga wechitatu chikuru sefungu mashoko chimurenga, nekuti zvakakwanisika uchatamisa umboo pamusoro chero chinhambwe kuburikidza neteregirafu, foni uye redhiyo.

TV uye kuongorora

May 9, musayendisiti 1911 Russian B. L. Rozing kokutanga akaratidza pachena mufananidzo nyore Real Estate nemifananidzo akauya pamusoro CRT chidzitiro. American Charlz Dzhekins muna 1923 kunze kuchinjwa ari zvinofamba mufananidzo. Asi ndivo mienzaniso zvokuimba terevhizheni. Zvisinei, chete muna 1928 vatsvakurudzi I. F. Belyansky uye B. P. Grabovsky aiva kubvongodzwa mufananidzo Kupfuudzwa ruzivo kuburikidza ari cathode ranzi chubhu, izvo vaiona inception terevhizheni ano. Kugadzirwa iconoscope muna 1931 aiva budiriro kuita mufananidzo rakapinza. Kubvira 1934, German TV yemapurisa DRF aiva wokutanga munhau kuti kutepfenyurwa dzose zvemagetsi terevhizheni. Sezvo 1936 mukuru-tsanangudzo TV gwara akazviratidza muna UK, uye muna 1938 neterevhizheni dzose nhepfenyuro akatanga muSoviet Union.

Sezvo makore maviri nhoroondo remakore kuchengetwa zvinoreva, hutachiwana uye kubudiswa mashoko akapiwa matsva ose Rafa. Pfungwa kwomwedzi kwakatangwa muna 1945 na wokuEngland Arturom Klarkom, uye kare October 4, 1957 muSoviet Union tichibatsirwa mutakuri chitundumuseremusere yakatanga yokutanga kubata Pasi Satellite. Kubvira akatanga nzvimbo zera kukura kwenzanga. Sputnik aiva wokutanga yepasi pose chinhu mashoko iyo yakaendeswa Panyika. Yokutanga kwomwedzi rakanga pfuurei hafu mita mu dhayamita uye rairema makirogiramu 83 chete. Mune ramangwana, iyo Satellite hurongwa akamuka chaizvo kukura, uye yaishandiswa nokuda mabhora siyana zvinoitwa nevanhu: terevhizheni ataure, redhiyo wekushandisa uye nevamwe.

Nhoroondo ichangobva kuitwa date hutachiwana nzira

Paging, cellular kukurukurirana, faibha-optic kukurukura mitsetse - matanho zvose kurutivi kusikwa yose kukurukurirana network. Kutanga kombiyuta inokosha, asi zvenguva danho. Kuti microprocessor anotsanangura hurongwa kunge revolutionized nzira achitumira mashoko. Digital kutaurirana akaita kuchinja, nokuda iyo mashoko yazova chinhu chinokosha munzanga ano. Network Akakunda nyika uye kuva chinokosha zvose zvayo mabhora: zvematongerwo enyika, dzidzo, unyanzvi uye indasitiri. Nzvimbo Kukura vakanga avhiringidzwa nokuti zvakarukwa pakarepo richibatanidza vanhu panguva pakatarisana matanda yepasi panyaya mumasekonzi. Ichi hofori danho kukura zvinoreva kuti mashoko hutachiwana.