Mukakavadzane North uye South Korea, musimboti, chikonzero muronga. Nhoroondo kunetsana pakati North uye South Korea

Nhasi, ari yeKorea Peninsula, iri East Asia, pane nyika mbiri - North Korea (DPRK) uye Republic of Korea. Sei uye nei akaumbwa izvi zviviri inoti? Uyezve, nei nyika idzi mbiri saka vangasimudzira zvakasiyana nemumwe uye chii chikonzero kuvengana kwavo? About sei zvose zvakaitika kubvira pakutanga, rokurwisana pakati North uye South Korea haadi dzokerana nyika idzi, verenga zvedu zvokunyama.

Pakutanga XX remakore. Kupambwa Korea Japan

Chii ndiwo uye apo makakatanwa yakatangira North uye South Korea? Mhinduro pfupi yemibvunzo iyi hakusi nyore, nokuti zvinhu zvakazoita kuti chidzoke ava vaviri inoti, hasha kune mumwe, dzakatangwa anopfuura zana apfuura.,

Kunyange XIX remakore, Korea aiva yakazvimirira mamiriro, asi yakawira zvoupenyu zvinodiwa munyika dzakasiyana, zvikurukuru Russia, China uye Japan. Kwavaiitwa takarirana kutamburira kodzero yokutonga Korea. Okupedzisira paaiitirana ichi vakatamba War Russian-Japanese pamusoro 1904-1905. Somugumisiro wake Japan pakupedzisira yakasimbiswa ukuru kwayo pamusoro Peninsula. Pakutanga akavamba protectorate pamusoro Korea, kubudikidza 1910 Japan zvakazara zvaisanganisira mukati miganhu ehurumende. Saka vakasikwa mamiriro ezvinhu, mune ramangwana, akanga akatungamirira kuti kunetsana kuti tinoziva South neNorth Korea, muronga uko kunoonekwa kubva pakati XX remakore.

Saka, kwemakore 35, kusvikira kukundwa Japan muHondo Yenyika II, Korea akaramba nyika yacho. Chokwadi, panguva iyi, vokuKorea vaiedza kuwanazve kwavo rusununguko, asi militarist Japan nipped mu chipande dzakadaro kuedza zvose.

Munguva musangano, yakaitirwa Cairo muna 1943, vakakurukura mubvunzo pamusoro tarisiro remapazi zvechiuto muna Asia-Pacific nharaunda. Tichishandisa mundima inogarwa Japan, kwakasarudzwa mune ramangwana kugovera rusununguko Korea.

Kusunungurwa Korea, uye kuiganhura vachiita nguva zvikamu

Muna 1945, mauto omubatanidzwa akasvika pamusoro Korean Peninsula, ukuwo, mauto eSoviet akapinda kuchamhembe uye US - kumaodzanyemba. Mune ramangwana, somugumisiro, uye South neNorth dzakaumbwa Korea. Nhoroondo makakatanwa Mikoko shure chibvumirano pakati United States uye Soviet Union akakamura nyika zvikamu zviviri hubudirire sarudzo Japanese kusarenda. The inonatsa vakatakura pamusoro yechi38 yakafanana, uye pashure yokupedzisira kusunungurwa Korean Peninsula kubva Japanese nechisimba vatsigiri makatanga chokuumba hurumende Transitional kuti kufambisa kubatana zviri kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba nzvimbo dziri chinokosha mamiriro pasi rakabatana utungamiri.

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti kumaodzanyemba mapazi, mutariri vokuAmerica, uye raiva guta guru aimbova Korean wehurumende - guta Seoul. Mukuwedzera, muna kumaodzanyemba Peninsula hwevanhu arambe achirema yave kaviri kupfuura kuchamhembe, ndizvo zvinoitwa chokurima uye maindasitiri zviwanikwa.

The USSR uye United States haagoni kana asingadi kutaurirana

Zvichitevera izvi, wakaratidza dambudziko idzva - United States neSoviet Union havabvumirani pamusoro nzira pakati kubatana munyika. Ivo zvakasiyana panyaya dzakawanda pamusoro kushaya kuti omubatanidzwa mauto kubva Korea dzokuvhiya, sarudzo, paumbwe hurumende kubatana, uye zvichingodaro. D. Kuedza kubvumirana chinhu kwete kutungamirira kweanenge makore maviri. Kunyanya, Soviet Union pakutanga akaramba ari kushaya kubva munharaunda Korea, zvose vatorwa mauto pashure chii aigona kunge achipfuura pamwe vasara pfungwa kuronga. America haana anobvumirana kuroorwa, uye muzhizha 1947 akatsiva mubvunzo Korean kuti UN General Assembly. Zvichida musimboti yokurwisana pakati North uye South Korea pakutanga kuiswa pavanotaurirana pakati nyika mbiri dzine - US uye USSR.

Asi sezvo America ainakidzwa kutsigirwa vakawanda nhengo UN, mubvunzo Korean kwainzi uye anotenderwa pamusoro mashoko dzataurwa nokuda United States. Uyewo, Soviet Union vaishora Zvisinei, kare akasarudza kuUnited Nations kumisa basa raikosha, ane basa raiva kuronga uye kuitisa sarudzo Korea. USSR uye anotonga North Korea zviremera vakaramba kubvumira UN Commission nechekuchamhembe Peninsula.

Creation vaviri vakaparadzana uye akazvimirira chinoda

Pasinei gakava, muna May 1948 mundima rinotungamirirwa United States, sarudzo inoitwa somugumisiro iyo akaumba yakazvimirira Republic of Korea, kana - mu South Korea. Chokuumba hurumende, inotungamirwa President Syngman Rhee, runotungamirirwa nenyika dzokuMadokero uye kushanda pamwe chete United States.

Zvichitevera izvi, kuchamhembe chikamu Korean Peninsula muna August wegore iroro sezvo sarudzo dzinoitwa, uye muna September, vakaparidza pakagadzwa DPRK, zvimwe - North Korea. Muchiitiko chino, zvakanzi akaumba aifarira-Communist hurumende, inotungamirwa Kim Il Sung. South neNorth Korea - saka vaviri kungoreva kuzvimiririra inoti zvakasikwa. The kunetsana kunotanga hondo kuti vaitevera makore maviri gare gare.

Apedza kusika zvinhu munyika maviri United States uye Soviet Union akatanga kurega mauto ayo kubva mundima yavo. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti mumwe nomumwe rekuUnited hurumende pakutanga anoita vanoti nharaunda yose muKorea uye kutaura pacharo sezvo chete chepamutemo hurumende Korea. The ukama kwakawedzera, nyika akazviunganidzira nezvaanogona ayo muchiuto, kurwisana pakati North neSouth Korea, zveEl uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvava nesimba ndege. Muna 1949-1950 gg. Takatanga kuitika musazonetsanazve zviduku pamwe chete yechi38 yakafanana, unova muganhu pakati chinoda vakaumba dzakwidzwa wakapfuurira renguva pamwero hondo.

Pakutanga War Korean

By June 25, 1950 yakaderera-pamwero kupesana North uye South Korea zvishoma nezvishoma kwakawedzera kuva rinorema kurwa. Mapato wezvikamu mhosva mumwe ari kurwiswa, asi nhasi zvinofungirwa kuti atadza raiva North Korea. Mazuva mashoma zvakava pachena kuti hondo North Korea zvikuru kupfuura nemuvengi wake, nekuti pazuva rechishanu hondo, iye akakwanisa kutora Seoul. The United States pakarepo akasvika kubatsira South, uyewo UN chirongwa umo mhosva North Korea kuti utsinye, udane dzakawanda kutsigira mauto kuna South Korea kuti kunodzikamisa mudunhu.

Somugumisiro kubatanidzwa kwebasa rinofanira American dzakabatana, uye shure kwavo nemauto, vakabatana pasi aegis UN, mukakavadzane North neSouth Korea, kuSouth Army akakwanisa ane muvengi inogumbura. Izvi zvakateverwa pakaunda-tsamwisa pamusoro munharaunda North Korea, izvo zvakazoita kuti kuwanikwa muzvinyorwa Chinese hondo vakazvipira dzakabatana. The USSR aivawo rutsigiro yemauto North Korea, uye nokukurumidza kurwa mapazi ave zvakare vakatamira kumaodzanyemba Peninsula.

Zvaizobuda War Korean

Pashure mumwe kaunda-kurwisa South Korean mauto uye sungano iye nemakambani UN simba, rakanyorwa July 1951, hondo mapazi pakupedzisira vakatamira yechi38 yakafanana, pamwe izvo kwemakore maviri mberi munyika haizopereri kudhumhana. Pasina nguva zvakava pachena kuti mutengo kuhwina chimwe dzairwisana vemapato ringave yakakwirira, saka July 27 chibvumirano yakarongwa. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti vanorega-moto chibvumirano pane rumwe rutivi vatungamiri akasaina DPRK uye China, pane dzimwe - United States pasi UN mureza. Panyaya iyi, United States vachiri kuramba kuvapo uto muSouth Korea.

zvinyorwa zvakasiyana dzinoshuma dissimilar manhamba pamusoro Nokurasikirwa vemapato, izvo zvakazoita kuti mukakavadzane pakati North neSouth Korea, asi tinogona kutaura chokwadi kuti nazvo izvi zvaiva chinokosha. Uyewo, vazhinji kukuvadzwa zvose nyika, sezvo hondo yakanga rinenge riri rose munharaunda Peninsula chakaitwa. The War Korean chokwadi chinhu chinokosha rwakatanga pakati XX remakore kweHondo Yemashoko.

Relations pakati nyika yechipiri yezana XX remakore

Pashure pehondo, kurwisana pamusoro Peninsula kuNorth uye South Korea hwakatamisirwa nechando mamiriro. The pamapatya nyika tichibata mumwe nokungwarira nokufungirana, uye chete tikafunga pave nevanhu pakati United States uye China kwakavandudza zvishoma, uye ukama North pamwe South.

Muna 1972, pamwe mashoko wacho wakasainwa nyika, maererano dzavanotizira atanga mubatanidzwa kunobva nenhungamiro rugare nhaurirano, kuzvionera, pasina kuvimba nechitarisiko mauto. Zvisinei, vanhu vashoma vanotenda mukana uzere kwemapazi rinoti kupinda mumwe, nekuti mhaka mukakavadzane North uye South Korea aiva pamwe iri kusapindirana enyika hwoudzvinyiriri uye utungamiriri nenheyo. Saka DPRK zvinganaka wokusarudza pakusika munhu mubatanidzwa pasi yokuita "imwe nyika, mumwe rudzi -. Hurumende maviri maviri nehurongwa"

Mukutanga kuma1990 itsva kuita rapprochement akaitwa. Panyaya iyi, nyika vakatanga dzakatevedzana zvibvumirano itsva, kusanganisira Agreement musi Reconciliation, Non-utsinye uye dzekuno pamwe, uyewo Joint Declaration pamusoro Denuclearization yeKorea Peninsula. Zvisinei, pashure rugare zvirongwa zviri DPRK iri kazhinji kuwana vavariro kuwana zvombo zvenyukireya, haisi nyaya inonetsa kubva dzakawanda munharaunda, kunyanya United States.

Relations pakati penyika mbiri ano

Muna June 2000, yokutanga wakaitirwa Inter-Korean, panguva iyo anotevera matanho akatorwa vakananga convergence. Maererano ahwo musi June 15 Musoro Republic akasaina Joint Declaration pakati North uye South, razova ari kumhanya refu inokosha gwaro iri nhau nokuwadzana kuti vanhu Korean akanga akamirira kweinenge hafu yezana remakore. vawane reunification, "hondo rudzi Korean pacharo" Kuzivisa ndozvadziri vemapato.

Muna October 2007, chakaitirwa rinotevera musangano Inter-Korean, izvo kwakaguma kusaina magwaro itsva, mberi uye kukura nhungamiro yakataurwa Joint Declaration of 2000. Kunyange zvakadaro, hondo muna North uye South Korea ndechokuti pamusoro nguva ukama pakati penyika mbiri kuramba kugadzikana uye inozivikanwa yatinenge booms uye slumps.

Periodic exacerbation ukama

Mienzaniso kusembura zvinhu pamusoro Peninsula runowanzotaurwa nezvarwo bvunzo achiita North Korea vake pachivande yenyukireya, sezvo chaitika 2006 uye 2009. Muzviitiko zvacho zvose, maitiro aya DPRK zvakakonzera okutsutsumwa kwete chete kubva South Korea - dzakawanda vaishora zvenyukireya mabasa, uye UN Security Council zvisarudzo zvakawanda kunge vakagamuchirwa, kunoda idzva hurukuro pamusoro denuclearization Peninsula.

Mukakavadzane North uye South Korea vanogara yakadururirwa musazonetsanazve zvombo, izvo, chokwadi, pfekai vatarisana pokuwa rwehama nyika convergence rikurumidze. Somuenzaniso, March 25, 2010 pedyo North Korean kumuganhu muGungwa Yellow rakaputiswa uye yakanyura munhu South Korean warship, izvo zvakakonzera rufu 46 vengarava. South Korea vakapomera North Korea pakuparadzwa muchikepe, asi North akaramba mhosva yake. Muna November wegore iroro pakanga chikuru chiitiko nezvombo demarcation mutsetse, umo mapato vaipanana yakawiriranwa kutokonora. Pakanga pasina vakafa, kusanganisira vakafa vakanga.

Kupfuura zvose, North Korea rakanyatsojeka inonyatsoziva US kuvapo ari kumaodzanyemba Peninsula. US uye South Korea, izvo zvava nemakore vatsigiri, nguva nenguva kuitisa muviri kwechiuto mukupindura kuti, North rave akaita ruzha mashoko, vachivhundutsira kushandisa simba uye kuisa chombo kurwisa US emauto iri kumaodzanyemba Peninsula uye Pacific Ocean, uyewo pamusoro yakaoma US.

chaizvoizvo yanhasi

Muna August 2015, kamwe zvakare hwakawedzera kuderera kurwisana pakati North uye South Korea. Muchidimbu, imwe atirari bara akanga vanogumurwa kubva munharaunda North Korea. Chinangwa kurwisa, maererano mishumo Pyongyang, vaiva vakurukuri panopinda South yaiitisa manyepo pamusoro North. Uyewo, muSeoul akasungirirwa zviito izvi kuitira kuti masoja maviri Republic of Korea akanga achangobva Varidza chimuka mumugodhi, zvichipomerwa wakasimwa North Korean saboteurs. Mushure mapato vakatsinhanisa yakawiriranwa kupomera, kuti DPRK hurumende vaityisidzira uto chiito kana mukati maawa 48 zviremera South Korea haina vapengenuke uye musavadzivisa Anti-North Korean anoparadzirwa.

Vezvenhau panyaya iyi yave yakawanda ruzha, vaongorori uye masayendisiti enyika akaratidza zvakawanda zvekungofungira chokuita ndingangokuvara kutanga itsva nebope Inter-Korean, asi pakupedzisira mapato vakakwanisa kutaurirana uye kugadzirisa zvose norugare. Mubvunzo ndewokuti: kwenguva yakareba sei? Uye chii chichava chinotevera tsime kunetsana pakati North neSouth Korea, uyewo zvakaipira chimwe panova?

Kunenge kuti nhasi tinogona kufungidzira kuti mune ramangwana pachava ukama pakati North neSouth Korea. Ko vanhu venyika idzi kugadzirisa izvi mupfungwa, ane womukati kurwisana, tisingatauri vangangoramba kubatana munyika kuva kusaroora? Vanopfuura hafu yezana remakore apfuura kubva kuhondo, yeKorea vanhu vari huviri vakaparadzana nemarudzi, chimwe nechimwe zvizere kuumbwa uye ikozvino ine hunhu waro uye mafungiro. Kunyange kana vava kukwanisa kukanganwira mumwe ari zvose kutuka, vachiri hakuzovi nyore kuwana mutauro nevakawanda. Kunyange zvakadaro, tinoda vose zvakafanana - runyararo uye nokunzwisisa.