Mongol-Tatar joko Russia: sezvo zvakanga

Mongol-Tatar joko Russia ndiyo chete abudirire muenzaniso refu zvechiuto uye enyika kukunda nyika Russian munhau dzavo. Nechisimba simba Mongol mauto muRussia mumakore 1237-1241 yakaguma zvikuru zvakaipisisa. Zvisinei, musangano uyu pamwe chete Eastern nechisimba akanga asiri wokutanga. The kuziva yokutanga pamwe yaibvira muArabhu vakatora mumwe makore gumi vasati vasvika chikuru, panguva Hondo Kalka muna 1223, apo Russian-Polovtsian mauto vakakundwa, uye mamiriro vakarasika zvikuru machinda avo. Pashure paizvozvo, kuti mhomho Genghis Khan zviitiko chakamboti kumisa mberi kwavo vakunde kumavirira, sezvo wokutanga aifanira kubata mumwe kurerutsa anokumhan'arira - Volga Bulgaria.

West danidziro

Zvinosuruvarisa, akakodzera ndezvipi vezvematongerwo Russian asina kuitwa kusangana akatiita kutyisidzira kune ramangwana uye kumisa Mongol-wechiTatar joko. Makore akapfuura pamberi chinotevera kupindirwa mu zvisingaperi dzekuno kukakavara uye muhondo weutungamiriri. Mugumisiro kuregeredza dzakadaro akabudirira Western kwidza Batu (muzukuru Genghis Khan, uyo akafa muna 1227) uye mutungamiri Subutai. Somugumisiro kwedanidziro iyi yakanga yakapamba maguta Russian zhinji: Ryazan (1237), Moscow, Tver, Torzhok, Vladimir (zvose muna 1238), Chernigov uye Pereyaslavl (1239), uye pakupedzisira, Kiev (1240). Mongol-Tatar joko Russia akasarudza achitonga ari pasi paNebhukadhinezari aimbova Mukuru Duchy kwemazana emakore anotevera. Nechekare aparadze pachavo akenda vakundi panguva yekutsvaga rutsigiro, kwakaita kuti ngozi results: vakanga zvakakwana uye zvachose akaparadza maguta mazhinji kuti havana kukwanisa kupora, yakaparadzwa chinokosha uwandu mhenyu zvavo. unyanzvi hunoshanda uye rwokugadzira, zvakare, akatambudzika inorwadza nokurova. Oga muchiuto chiito akaisa nyika shure emakore wayo kukura.

Russia pasi Mongol-wechiTatar joko

Zvisinei, mauto enyika kutonga pamusoro muArabhu Asian kupinda mamwe mazana maviri nemakore havana akabereka chero kunoparadza hunhu. The chikuru chimiro yokutongwa vaiva anonzi kunotoda. Labels rakapa machinda Russian of Mongol khans, pashure kufarirwa kuzvipira kwavo uye kuremekedza ekupedzisira. Pamusoro issuance zvakadaro Chikwata, substantially khans chipingaidzo mu munyika upfumi munyika yapera. Batsirwa muna Golden Horde isingachinji zvakakwana kwavo mukurwisana uye nezvimwe zvinetso. Chokwadi, vatongi Zvisinei achibhandara mutero khans, uye ikaunganidzwa vega, kusarudza yaipedzerwa mari, chikamu raiva munharaunda coffers chikamu - mu rakateurwa Batu (guta Mongolian state). Mongol-Tatar joko Russia kunyange akasika zvinhu nokuda pakukura zvimwe zvivako. Somuenzaniso, tsika muArabhu wokuti noninterference dzechitendero nyaya (waiva akachenjera chaizvo danho, kunotiita kuti tiwane isu vatsigiri zvinokosha kunyange pakati akakunda ndudzi) akasika zvinhu nokuda kukura uye nokusimbaradza neChechi yeOrthodox munyika. Zvakakosha kuti izvi zvakaitika panguva kusembura pakati pavanotaurirana pamwe Catholic Church uye muHondo Western Knights.

Rise of ukuru Russian uye kubviswa kudzvinyirira

Mongol-Tatar joko Russia yave kupedza kwete panguva imwe chete munyika dzakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, rwezasi-vokumadokero nyika Galicia uye Volyn akapfuura kuPoland uye Grand Duchy pakati Lithuania rokutanga hafu XIV remakore. Munzvimbo dzakawanda Russian nharaunda kubva nedoro uyu zvishoma nezvishoma. Mumazana XV remakore, Horde vari kuramba kurasikirwa nesimba ravo somugumisiro zvinorwisana maari uye zvimwewo kurwisa (yokurwiswa Tamerlane Somuenzaniso). Izvi akabvumira Muchinda Moscow muna 1480 pakupedzisira kukanda kure nedoro zvose uye raiva pachikuva wokutanga pakusikwa Moscow umambo. Last mberi chaizvo mumabasa nhaka yavo Tatar Khanate.