Memory: mhando uye unhu Laptop

Computer, Laptop, smartphone kana piritsi mhando mbiri ndangariro. Yomukati kazhinji basa kuti ndichengetedze vezvenhau mafaira uye zvirongwa, asi kushanda ari kushanda, mune mamwe mazwi, nguva. Kazhinji devaysakh ano zvekupedzesa wemari uye vose ndangariro, asi kuti inodzidzisa anofanira kuwedzera kwayo. Uye kana iri nyaya nechomukati, unogona kungoti kutenga chinhu zvokunze zvakaoma nemotokari, ipapo ichi hazvishande RAM.

Chii?

Memory - iri pfupi faira kuti rinochengeta humboo vose zvirongwa imwe nguva munguva oparesheni yavo. Mushure mudziyo washandukurwa kure, kuti dzigare mairi rinocheneswa. Naizvozvo, kuti PC nguva dzose anokurudzira inodzidzisa kuti aponese vose editable data, sezvo pashure nokuchinja Kusaponeswa kuchinja apere.

Kazhinji, kana toreva "RAM" rinowanika Archive kuti anochengeta vose vanoshingaira pezvakaitwa uye software. Asi dzimwe nguva izvi izwi Kunonziwo sezvo zvokunze okuchengetera mano zvakadai disks kana okuchengetera mano pamusoro rinobva tepi.

Kazhinji, marudzi ose RAM vari kugadzikana zvemamiriro ezvinhu. Ivo achengetere muchina bumbiro usashandisa, sezvo mazano / goho uye zvenguva zvokuvakisa, pamusoro izvo processor unoshanda.

nhoroondo hwaro

Tisati taongorora mhando uye mhando ndangariro, zvakakosha kunzwisisa Ayakaita. Nyaya inotangira kare mukutanga 30s remakore rechi19. Ipapo Charlz Bebbidzh vaishanda Analytical muchina. zvidzidzo avo vaifanira kuchengeta migumisiro dzemaitirwe chinguva, akatumidza "dzokuchengetera". Mashoko ose pamusoro masero aya mechanically mudura muchimiro miseve uye pinion urongwa pamwechete.

Kana pakuverenga muchina chizvarwa chokutanga wakasikwa, functionality ayo anonzi experimental. On the "RAM" uye anoita chandingataura. Her zvokusarudza vaiva vashoma, uye vari kunobva panyama dzemitemo. Vakanga nechokuita ane remagetsi ataure, acoustic kunonoka mitsetse, cathode Ray sepombi uye zvakafanana. D.

Zvadaro RAM chitarisiko aigona kunyatsova nezvimwewo. Kakawanda kwaiva rinobva ngoma kana miseve.

With nokubudiswa chizvarwa chechipiri makombiyuta zvaanofanira kufunga pamusoro inobudirira uye RAM. Pakarepo kukavapo rinobva makirisito ndangariro. Chizvarwa chechitatu akaita munogodorerei mberi, uye akatanga kushandisa Chip, pamusoro zvakanga zvemagetsi zvinoriumba kombiyuta. Tadaro makatanga kuoneka mhando RAM. Dynamic akaramba nokuda nokubatira capacitor, uye kunofambira mberi - kushandisa ude.

The mamiriro ezvinhu

Nokufamba kwenguva, izvi zvakakonzera Newest mhando RAM. "RAM" ichiri novimba nesimba rive. Kana kurasikirwa nesimba rezvokudya izvozvo pakarepo anorasikirwa chero Kusaponeswa mashoko. Zvino pane mhando inokosha RAM. Ivo, sapakutanga, zviviri: kunofambira mberi uye simba. Wokutanga anoshanda kuvonga kuti chikungiso, wechipiri - the condenser.

Vose vava rikurumidze. Nechokunze, vanotarira sezvinoita Unit pamwe semiconductors, iyo yakarongwa sezvo chikwata rusununguko kuwana. Dynamic ndangariro iri isingadhuri zvikuru. Next, isu kunyatsotarisisa nechimwe chazvo.

The simba pamusoro

RAM ane mhando dzakasiyana. Pakati kiyi inogona kutaurwa simba, kana DRAM. It ndicho mhando makombiyuta. Nokuti ndiko isingadyi mari yakawanda. Kuchengeta zvinoyerera, yava akakudziridza dunhu chaiyo chine zvikamu zviviri capacitor uye transistor.

Chimiro Iri isingadhuri zvikuru uye harwuna mari. Izvi nokuti rimwe Chip anogona kuchengeta makuru capacitors uye transistors, pane mumwe module musiyano.

The chikuru drawback yakadaro "RAM" riri kuonekwa kwayo akurumidze. Kunoshanda zvishoma nezvishoma sezvo kushandura mamiriro ari capacitor vanoda imwe nguva mutariri zvinoyerera. Izvi zvinotora nguva gumi kupfuura vari kunofambira mberi Bhaibheri. Uyewo, uyu mhando ine mumwe zvakaipira umo capacitors kwenguva pakuyerera. Uyezve, unogona kuva nechokuita yemagetsi capacitance uye hombe vhinza kuitika.

Imhaka yokuti pakanga pasina okupedzisira mhando iyi akawana zita raro; mhosva zvinoderedza pamusoro nguva, uye naizvozvo, pane simba. Zvisinei, mashoko ose akarasika, asi capacitor anogona akapora pamusoro nguva, saka nguva refu hwavo. Kutanga rokudzorera, unofanira vakwanise nguva chati kuverenga. Pachirehwa mitsetse ose ndangariro hondo. chiitiko ichi anoita processor kana ndangariro controller.

statics

Izvi mhando ndangariro transistors. SRAM haatarisiri kupora, uye saka akawana zita rayo. The chikuru mukana ndangariro ichi - kwayo kumhanya. Izvi imhaka yokuti mashandiro kuti kugadzira ude uye nyore masuwo pfungwa, saka kuti First chinja hazvidi nguva yakawanda.

Asi ndine kushivirira zvinodhura uye pfachura. Chokwadi chokuti transistors vari ude, muri zvakawanda anodhura pane muchimiro ndangariro rokutanga. Asingadi kukanganisa kwavo kudhura uye boka nzira gadzira. Uyewo transistors kugara nzvimbo yakawandisa uri chete chip.

Kunofambira mberi RAM iri zvinenge harimboshandiswi mu hrs vanhasi. Kazhinji anoiswa kuti sangano superfast RAM, izvo zvinogona kukuvadza chokupika gadziriro, inova dzinonetsa.

Kuonekwa zvinonyengedza

To externally kuziva mhando ndangariro kombiyuta anofanira zvakanaka chaizvo kunzwisisa kwavo. Paavhareji mushandisi havagoni kuzviita. Ndechokuti kana hatisi kutaura pamusoro modules kuti desktops uye Laptops.

Kunyange zvakadaro, iye zvino zvinogona Classified mhando wandei RAM. Vamwe vava kushandiswa, vamwe refu kurega kuoneka pamusoro kumusika, asi ivo vachiri vanogona kuwanikwa mukuru pazera makombiyuta. Uye vazhinji yapfuura mienzaniso vakanga zvikuru akaoma musoro newfangled kusarudza.

FPM

Izvi simba kurongwa kuwana ndangariro. Its uchishandisa musimboti zviri nyore: rikawira nokukurumidza mashoko kubva peji kuti rakashandiswa kare kutenderera. Michina iyi anoenderana ayo zita Fast Page Mode. Zvino undosangana akadaro "RAM" hariwanikwi, sezvo aishanda mangwanani nemakore 90s wekupedzisira remakore. Ipapo shamwari dzake dzaiva 486 uye Pentium itsva.

Edo

Ichi chimwe ndangariro, mhando izvo vasingatombozivikanwi. Iye kare aishanda zvikuru muna 1995 uye kwave zvikuru kugadzirira wokutanga processor Pentium. Akava nani yapfuura shanduro. Kushanda panguva imwe chete riri zviviri zviito panguva: anosarudza chinotevera chinogumbura panguva akaenda yapfuura processor.

SDRAM

Very akangwara chisarudzo RAM. Zviri kutsanya kuti ingashanda nyore pamwe kakawanda pamusoro processor. Nheyo kupfuura kunzwisisa: chip fari ane zvikamu zviviri. Panguva kushingaira mashandiro, okutanga yakanyorerwa nechiremwaremwa, uye mune mamwe pakugadzirira chiito ichi. module Izvi akava akakurumbira muna 1996. Ipapo akatanga vachishingaira kushandisa pachiimbwa Intel. Zvakanga zvibereko chaizvo, saka SDRAM yakanga yakakurumbira kusvikira 2001.

Izvi ndangariro mhando yapfuura akabatwa aine kutsiva. Zvakava katatu dzichimhanya kupfuura FPM, uye kaviri - the kuEdo. Vakashanda 133 MHz.

DDR

Iyi nani shanduro yapfuura mumwe. Chaioneka chete muna 2001. Mukuru kuchinja haana wachi, asi zvakananga basa pacharo. Zvino, ari chete kutenderera Data iri zvitange kaviri.

DDR2

Zviri pachena kuti ichi chaiva kuenderera yapfuura shanduro. It akaonekwa 2003, asi chipsets anobudiswa nokuti kusvikira gore raitevera. Sezvakangoita rapfuura DDR2 «yomumba," unogona kutapurira Data kaviri muzana wachi yatinofema. Musiyano mukuru pakati modules maviri - a dzakachinjwa wachi kakawanda, rave kutengwa nokuda STRUCTURAL kuvandudzika. Shanduro iyi akararama kwenguva refu kubva vaiva zvaunokanganisa. Nokuda yakawedzera kakawanda zviri kuoneka zvuva pamusoro nedanho ndangariro.

DDR3

Mumwe haidereri nomukurumbira ndangariro - DDR3. Mhando "operativok" anoreva akatevedzana SDRAM. Rwakatsiviwa yapfuura chizvarwa. Kushandiswa kadambari mano, uyewo nokuda vhidhiyo ndangariro.

Chisarudzo ichi module kwazova kungwarira: anoponesa kusvika 40% simba. Usanyanya simba vakakwanisa kuburikidza kushandiswa 90-nm rwokugadzira processor. Panyaya iyi, chip fari rave kugadzirwa uye kaviri-gedhi transistors, ndiro chete anokonzera leakage dzenzvimbo.

Dambudziko ndechokuti module munguva ino akatendeuka dzakachinjwa. kiyi ake zvino iri kumwe, naizvozvo, akaisa kuyeuka kuti DDR2, hazvibviri nenzvimbo. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvakanga zvaitwa kuti chikonzero. nemagetsi parameters regai kunowirirana modules izvi, kuitira kudzivisa yakakanganiswa pazviruva, vakashandura nzvimbo kiyi.

DDR4

New shanduka ndangariro. Types SDRAM vakasvika vatiwo. New module kune vakawanda akabuda muna 2014. Iye nani maitikiro unhu uye kuderedzwa simba zvitengeswa voltage. Musiyano mukuru kubva rapfuura chizvarwa: kaviri nhamba mabhanga (16 muzvikamu).

Zvino bandwidth kuri nani zvikuru uye aigona hunonzi kusvika zvakawanda 25 GB / s. Uye vakatanga zvigadzirwa zvitsva anovandudza rakavimbika zvose kwemasayendisiti. In ndangariro ichi ine yayo processor - Intel Haswell-E / Haswell-EP.

RAMBUS

Uyu ari oga ndangariro mifananidzo, hunhu akakwirira zvikuru. Rakanga mune 1996. Akasarudza kutora kambani Intel. "RAM" afunga nani zvikuru pane wake "nevamwe". It akagamuchira semvumo anozivikanwa nezvokunetseka. Gare gare yakatangwa motherboards akawanda. Kwavari aratidza nemigumisiro yakanaka.

Zvakangoitikawo kuti pamberi ayo kusunungurwa, Intel akaita dzakaonekwa kukanganisa, nokuti hwakaraswa anenge $ 100 miriyoni. Zvino module ichi haawanzopiwi kushandiswa. Asi iye achiri ari Dreamcast 2 uye Dreamcast 3.

Notebooks

Kusiyana RAM okurangaridza Laptops uye hrs zviri kuoneka chete hukuru uye mazita. Saka, kudzokorora zvose pamusoro hazvina musoro. Kusarudza module kuti mudziyo, unofanira uyewo kuongorora huripo mhando dzose okurangaridza notibhuku, ona kugarisana dzaro motherboard uye kubata mutengo muchikwata.

Rokutanga "RAM" nokuti nouta yakabudiswa muna 2002. Yakanga muenzaniso SO DIMM SDRAM. Zvino yatova hazviiti kuwana kwese. Ndaishanda aine kakawanda 100 MHz uye 133 MHz. SO DIMM DDR akazviratidza gare gare - muna 2005. It wava murayiro zvikuru kupfuura simba. Ndakagamuchira 266, 333 uye 400 MHz. Location kiyi zvichienzaniswa yapfuura womuenzaniso yachinja yekudyidzana. SO DIMM DDR2, pamusoro "vashandi" avo kubva kuchizvarwa apfuura, rave kuva simba: kufadza kakawanda kusvika 800 MHz. Key haachatauri zvakare asi 1 neMM, richienzaniswa DDR, zvichitungamirira kuvhiringidzika pamwe kugarisana.

SO DIMM DDR3 akapinda kumusika 2009. Location chinokosha akanyatsosiyana rakasiyana rapfuura womuenzaniso, saka vasina mano vanoshandisa ikozvino havagoni kuenda chakaipa. The kunonyanyisa kakawanda chikwata ichi yakasvika 1600 MHz.

Notebooks zvakachinja, chakagadziridzwa, uye ndangariro nokuti kwavari zvakare kushandurwa. Akatevera module vakava Micro DIMM DDR2. Inzwi rayo rakanga 1 GB, chakanga zvinokwana user.

Zvino zvinhu pamwe RAM Laptop zviviri. Chokwadi chokuti vazhinji mhando kuva Integrated hurongwa, uye kutsiva "RAM" hazvibviri. Naizvozvo, kudiwa modules kuti noutom ikozvino chaizvo duku. Avo vachiri vanofanira kuwedzera Vhoriyamu kwekanguva okuchengetera nzvimbo, kupedza nguva kuwana pfungwa yakanaka.

Zvino, kuti kutsungirira kombiyuta paindaneti uye hofisi zvikumbiro, zvichava zvakakwana 1GB "RAM". Asi gamers vanofanira kutarisa dzakasiyana zvikuru simba. Somuenzaniso, Kingston SO-DIMM DDR3 4Gb PC10660. Pane izvi kushanda kuyeukwa Laptop anenge 2 zviuru rubles. Bhuku kwayo, sezvo zita rinoreva, riri 4 gigabytes. Type - DDR3, uye wachi kakawanda - 1333 MHz.

Zvimwewo makambani kuti pave yepamusoro modules, pane Samsung, Corsair, Hynix, Transcend. Nokuti varidzi pakombiyuta pane zvokusarudza simba kwazvo, iyo kunyanya kufarira mafeni kombiyuta mitambo - Kingston HyperX hasha Red Series. The akaisawo "RAM" chinosanganisira modules vaviri 4 GB. Type - DDR3, uye wachi kakawanda - 1866 MHz. Mutengo RAM uyu 3,500 rubles.