Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehowa - maitiro ekusiyanisa mushwa zvinodyiwa uye zvine chepfu?

Kune mhando dzakawanda dzemhando dzehowa, asi isu tichataura nezvehowa (Agaricus). Nhasi hazvidi kuti uzviunganidze musango, nokuti mune zvipfeko zvakawanda unogona kutenga mhando dzakachena mushroom - rudzi rwehowa. VaFrench vakadzidza kukura navo zvakare muzana remakore re XVII. Parizvino, pakati pehove dzinodyiwa maererano nehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, iyi mhando inotanga kuwanda munyika yose.

Champignons muzvisikwa

Pasinei nekugoneka kwavo, vazhinji vanoedza kubuda kumaruwa nekuda kwehowa, nokuti "kukuvhiwa mushonga" chinhu chinobatsira, chinonakidza uye chinonakidza. Iko inokubvumira kuti usaparadzana zvachose kubva kumatambudziko ezuva nezuva, kuti upedze nguva imwe chete iwe nemasikirwo. Sezvo zvinonakidza kuwana mushonga wakanaka unofadza pakati peuswa kana mashizha, uye kana uri mukana, ipapo mhuri yose! Miti yakawanda inopararira kwose kwose, ichikura mumasango, mapaki, meadows uye kunyange pane asphalt.

Izvo ndezvemapuranga-akafanana nefungi. Muzvisikwa, pane makumi matanhatu emarudzi avo, akabatana nezviratidzo zvakajairika, asi mhando dzose dze mushroom mushroom dzine maitiro ayo. Bhokisi rinonzi mushroom, iro rine mahwendefa pasi pepasi pevha. Mushonga mutsva ane mahwendefa machena, ezvo akapenya, ehembera anotendeuka-tsvuku uye tsvuku-tsvuku.

Iyi mhuka inoratidzwawo nekuvapo kwechindori pane stem. Hondo uye gumbo ndiro chibereko chezvibereko, uye mycelium iri pasi. Muchikamu chepakati chechigamba chemapurisa kune spores, nekubatsira kwavanowedzera, vachiumba mycelium itsva. Iwe unogonawo kuwedzera nezvidimbu zve mycelium kana iwe ukasika mamiriro akanaka ezvinhu izvi.

Dhowa mushroom haingavi nehutachiona hwemukoko hunozivikanwa kwatiri, asiwo bhero yakaumbwa uye inenge iri cylindrical. Sezvo mitsara iri kukura, zvishoma nezvishoma zvinotama, uye rimwe kana maviri mapindori anogadzira netsoka. Hasha iri kuramba ichizarura, mahwendefa ari muzasi anowedzera kuoneka. Mune maitiro ayo akawedzerwa, ane chimiro chakati-kana chekupararira zvakakwana.

Zvokudya zvehowa

Ngationgororei mhando dzakasiyana siyana dzinowanzotarisana nemugwagwa muvacheki vekuwa mushroom: masango, meadow, munda, bipedal.

Masango (Agaricus silvaticus), dzimwe nguva inonzi "blagushka." Iyi mhando yemuwaini inogona kuwanika mumasango econiferous kubva pakati pezhizha kusvika munaOctober, kunyanya pamirwi yemirwi. Pasinei nekunakidza kwakanaka, hazviwanwi kuunganidzwa. Vakawanda vanotya nekuti kana pakapera nyama inosvibira.

Mune mushwa muduku, gumbo racho rakakwirira, rine rhete chena, iro ruduku rukuru runogona kuwira. Iko hovha iri ovoid, zvino inova convex, yakafanana nemamiriro echero, gare gare-yakadzika-yakatsika. Pamusoro pawo kune firkous flakes yevaravara tsvuku.

Meadow (inowanzo, pechera), zita rechiLatin - Agaricus campestris. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvehowa dzinozivikanwa kunyange kumaguta edzimba, sezvo inowanikwa kure neimba-muminda, mapaki. Anosarudza nyika yakanaka, inogona kukura pamafuro, munzvimbo dzekufamba kwemombe. Iyo mushwa inonaka uye inobudirira zvikuru, ichikura mumapoka makuru.

Iko hovha yakachena, pakutanga inenge yakagadzirwa nemhepo, ipapo inonzi convex, iyo yakazara. Plates pink, mu mushonga wakakura grey-brown. Nyama yakachena uye yakasununguka, inoshanduka pini pamucheka. Sezvo "jira" rinokura, kubatanidza kumativi emakumbo kusvika kune rimwe gumbo, rinoparadzanisa uye rinoramba riri mufananidzo wemhete yepombi pamucheto wepamusoro wegumbo.

Munda (Agaricus arvensis). Iyi mhuka ndiyo hama yepedyo yemvura, asi vakawanda vanotenda kuti kuravira kwayo kuri nani zvikuru. Iine furo inokosha, inonakidza zvikuru uye ndeimwe yepamusoro pakati pewaini. Mimwe mienzaniso inorema kusvika ku 300 g, uye hupamhi hwayo inosvika 20 cm.

Masewa echechi ane hove yakagadzirwa neaii, iyo inotanga kuve yakagadzikana-ganda-ganda, rine ganda rakasviba, kana rakagunzva, ruvara rwunochinja. Pasi petsoka kune mhete miviri yakavhara, pasi pezviteere kune maitiro ekuputika kwechando. Mahwendefa, semafungi emakore, shandura ruvara kubva ku pink kusvika kumavara.

Izvozvo zvakasarudzwa (Agaricus bisporus) ndezvinyanyozivikanwa zvipenyu zvemusango, zvinowanzogadzirwa mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo.

Nhema mushonga

Vanokonzera mushroom kakawanda neusingazivi vanounganidza zvinyorwa zvoutsinye (zvenhema) zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuganda uye vanokanda mubhasiki kune mamwe mushwa. Kunyange zvazvo kuvadya ivo zvokudya hakusi kuuraya, zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko mazhinji. Kunyangwe mushure mekurapwa kwekupisa, zvinhu zvine uturu zvinokonzera uchetura, pamwe nematambudziko emukati, kurutsa, uye colic, gara mavari.

Kazhinji kazhinji nehowa dzinodyiwa dzinopesanisa marudzi maviri emapundu, mifananidzo yauri kuona. Howa yakabatwa tsvuku (Agaricus xanthodermus) inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakashama uye pakati peuswa. Iko rudzi rusina kukwana rwehombodo rakachena, kazhinji rine grey-tsvuku nzvimbo.

Nyama, maererano nezita racho, inoshanduka pakarepo kuchena kana yachekwa. Chikamu chezasi chemutsopa chinewo machizha, dzimwe nguva kunyange machungwa. Maonero aya anowanzovhiringidzika nemunda nekuda kwekambani yekambani. Mukuwedzera kune ruvara rwemasimbi, zvinokwanisika kusiyanisa nehuhu husina kunaka, hunosimbiswa kana uchicheka.

Chikafu, motley, scaly mushroom (Agaricus Placomyces) imwe fungus inedible iyo inowanikwa mumasango akavhenganiswa uye e-coniferous. Bhotet yake ibhu rakachena-ruvara, rine nzvimbo ine rima pakati, rakafukidzwa nezviyero. Iyo inofadza kunhuwa kwe carbalka inopa kusagadzikana kwezvipenyu izvi.

Dzimwe nguva mushonga wakazara-moused unovhiringidzwa nemusango mushroom, asi sezvatinoziva kare, musango miti inonhuwira inofadza uye nyama panyaya yakaderera inodzoka yakatsvuka, uye pa motley njodzi uye zvishoma nezvishoma inoshanduka bhuru.

Kakawanda kazhinji vasina ruzivo vanotora mushroom havagoni kusiyanisa mushwa muduku kubva kune avo, asi zvinouraya vhuvhu jena mhepo yakachena uye yakasvibirira toadstool. Izvo zvakafanana nehombodo, uye mahwendefa, uye zvindori pamakumbo.

Inofanira kuyeukwa kuti musiyano wacho unonyatsooneka chete muvanhu vakuru vemazana: mune fukasi agaric uye yakasvibirira toadstool, kusiyana nehove dzinodyiwa, ruvara rwemahwendefa rinoramba ruchiedza. Tsvaga munhu mukuru mushroom uye unyatsotarisisa pasi pevhapa. Imwe nzira iri nyore yekuongorora: kana kuisa ruvara rwemuviri weshufu inouraya hazvichinje.

Mifananidzo 1 - mushroom mushroom;

Mufananidzo 2 - meadow mushroom;

Mufananidzo 3 - Munda Mushroom;

MUFANANIDZO 4 - Howa yakasvibirira.

Mifananidzo 5 - mushonga-wakagadzirirwa mushonga.