Modern kombiyuta zvaakaratidzwa. Mabasa uye kombiyuta zvawakaratidzwa rwokugadzira. Zvirongwa Computer Vision muna Python

How kudzidzisa kombiyuta kunzwisisa chii anoratidzwa pamufananidzo kana mifananidzo? Izvi zvinoita nyore, asi kuti kombiyuta iri inongova chizvaro rine Kwemagandanga Achishandisa Kombiyuta kubva izvo zvaunoda kusvina mashoko anokosha.

Chii chiono kombiyuta? Icho kukwanisa "ona" kombiyuta yako

Vision - zvinokosha mashoko munhu kurishandisa, isu kuwana, maererano nokufungidzira siyana, kubvira 70 kusvika 90% mashoko ose. Uye, chokwadi, kana tichida kuumba akachenjera motokari, tinofanira kushandisa unyanzvi chete uye kombiyuta.

Dambudziko zvaakaratidzwa kombiyuta inogona zvakajeka zvikuru. Chii chinonzi "ona"? Zvinonzwisiswa kuti pane chete nokutarira. Kuti akapedzisa kusiyana chiratidzo kombiyuta uye chiono kwevanhu. Vision kwatiri - iri rine ruzivo pamusoro nyika, uyewo mungabva arşive mashoko - kureva kuti kukwanisa kunzwisisa marefu uye hukuru.

Kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro tsanga mufananidzo

Kutarira mufananidzo, tinogona kutsanangura nayo dzinoverengeka hunhu, saka kutaura, dzokubvisa kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro ruzivo.

Somuenzaniso, achitarisa uyu mufananidzo, tinogona kutaura kuti zviri panze. Chii guta motokari. Kuti pane motokari. tinogona kufungidzira kuti uyu South-East Asia pamusoro configuration echivako chacho uye yekare. The mufananidzo Mao Zedong kunzwisisa kuti uyu ndiye Beijing, uye kana munhu akaona mhenyu vhidhiyo kana pachake akanga ikoko, kuti fembera kuti ichi ndicho yakakurumbira Tiananmen Square.

Tingatii zvakawanda pamusoro mufananidzo, achizviona? Tinogona kuziva zvinhu mumufananidzo, kutaura, kuti pane vanhu pano pedyo - fenzi. Pano amburera, kuti chivako kuti mapepa. Ava mienzaniso nemakirasi ndiwo zvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru, izvo zviri kuita kutsvaka nguva.

Achiri tinogona kudzidza zvimwe kana unhu zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, pano tinogona kuona kuti ichi hachisi mufananidzo mumwe munhuwo Chinese, kureva Mao Zedong.

Maererano motokari inogona tsunga kuti chinhu chinofamba chinhu, uye zvakaoma, kuti haana akaremara panguva kufamba. About Mireza zvingataurwa kuti anoramba, ivo vari kutamira, asi havasi dzakaoma, nguva dzose akaremara. Zvino yacho pane mhepo, iyo inogona tsunga nokugadzira mireza, uye anogona kunyange dzichiita nemhepo Somuenzaniso, zviri vachiridza kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi.

The marefu uye yakareba muchiratidzo kombiyuta

Zvikuru ndiye arşive ruzivo pamusoro kombiyuta chiratidzo nesayenzi. Ndiwo marudzi ose marefu. Somuenzaniso, nokuti gororo kunonyanya kukosha nekuti zvikwata zviri kubva Earth maminitsi anenge 20 uye kupindura yakawanda. Saka, kubatana ikoko uye shure - maminitsi 40. Uye kana isu kugadzira chirongwa kufamba mirayiro Nyika, unofanira ngaafunge izvi.

Zvinobudirira revatema mabikirwo zvaakaratidzwa kombiyuta mitambo. Maererano vhidhiyo, unogona kuvaka-dimensional matatu yokutevedzera zvinhu, vanhu, uye mapikicha ari anoishandisa anogona kudzosa-dimensional matatu yokutevedzera emaguta. Zvino famba pamusoro pavo.

kombiyuta chiono - mumwe panzvimbo siyana. Zvinonzi rakada zvakanyatsobatana nedzimwe sayenzi siyana. Part wezvakaonekwa kombiyuta It inobudisa mufananidzo kubudiswa nzvimbo uye dzimwe nguva allocates chiratidzo kombiyuta, kare.

Analysis, muenzaniso kuzivikanwa - nzira pakusika mukuru njere

Ngationgororei izvi pfungwa yoga.

Image Processing - ichi ndiyo nzvimbo algorithms, umo mazano uye goho - mufananidzo, uye tine naye kuita chinhu.

mufananidzo kuongorora - ndiyo nzvimbo nechaanoona, rinotaura kushanda pamwe maviri-dimensional mufananidzo uye kuti ndezvipi ichi kombiyuta.

Pattern Recognition - husingaoneki kwemasvomhu chirango kuti anoona mashoko ari muchimiro vectors. Ndiko, pamukova - vector uye tine chinhu chokuita nazvo. Apo Vector iri, isu hatisi zvichikosha kuziva.

Computer chiratidzo - nayo pakutanga raiva kudzorera nemamiriro mbiri-dimensional mifananidzo. Nhasi iyi yava hwakafara uye inogona kududzirwa sezvo kubvuma zvose mumuviri zvinhu kuita, inobva mufananidzo. Kureva, ndiwo basa kubata njere.

In kufanana zvaakaratidzwa kombiyuta panzvimbo yakasiyana zvachose munda, muna geodesy, photogrammetry akaita vakashanduka - kuyerwa kunoitwa daro pakati zvinhu zviviri-dimensional mifananidzo.

Marobhoti anogona "ona"

Uye pakupedzisira - ndiko muchina chiratidzo. Pasi muchina chiono zvinoreva chiratidzo semarobhoti. Ndizvo chisarudzo vamwe matambudziko kugadzirwa. Tinogona kutaura kuti zvakaratidzwa kombiyuta - ndomumwe sayenzi guru. Chine vamwe chikamu nesayenzi. Zvino chiratidzo kombiyuta inowana chero chaiyo chikumbiro, zvinoitika mukati muchina zvaakaratidzwa.

Computer chiratidzo nharaunda ine guru dzinoshanda mafomu. Rinobatanidzwa ne kushandisa michina inoshandiswa. Panguva emakambani kuva rikurumidze kutsiva remaoko kubudikidza machine. The muchina hazvirevi kuneta, kwete vavete, aiva mugari basa purogiramu, iye anoda kushanda mazuva 365 pagore. Saka, achishandisa muchina basa, tinogona kuwana inosimbiswa mugumisiro pane imwe nguva, uye zvinofadza zvikuru. mabasa ose vane kushandiswa akajeka kombiyuta chiratidzo enyika. Uye hapana chinhu chiri nani pane kuti aone migumisiro pakarepo mufananidzo chete dzemaitirwe rwakazara.

Pachikumbaridzo nyika chakagadzirwa njere

Plus nharaunda - Zvakaoma! A chinokosha kuuropi anokonzera chiratidzo, uye vakatenda kuti kana iwe kudzidzisa kombiyuta yako "ona", kureva, zvizere kushandiswa kombiyuta chiratidzo, ndiyo imwe zvebasa zvizere chakagadzirwa njere. Kana tinogona kugadzirisa dambudziko iri yevanhu sandara, kazhinji panguva imwecheteyo, tichava kugadzirisa dambudziko AI. Kuti zvakanaka chaizvo! Kana kwete chaizvo kunaka, kana iwe tarisa, "Terminator 2".

Nei chiratidzo - zvakaoma? Nekuti mufananidzo chete chinhu kunogona zvichienderana zvikuru kwokunze zvinhu pamusoro. Zvichienderana chinangwa pakuongorora pfungwa tarisa zvakasiyana.

Somuenzaniso, mumwe chete nhamba yatorwa dzakasiyana pamakona. Uye chii chinonyanya kunakidza ari mufananidzo vave ziso rimwe, maziso maviri nehafu. Uye zvichienderana chechinyorwa (kana iri mufananidzo womunhu ari shirt kupendwa maziso), ziso zvinogona anopfuura maviri.

The kombiyuta achiri asinganzwisisi, asi "anoona"

Chimwe chinhu chinoita kuti zviome - ndiyo okuvimba. The chete chiitiko nedzimwe chiedza vachatarira zvakasiyana. chinhu saizi anogona siyana. Uyezve, zvinhu chero mukirasi. Ungati sei pamusoro munhu pakakwirira yake 2 mamita? Hapana. kukura Human uye angava 2.3 m, uye 80 cm. Zvisinei, Kana mamwe marudzi zvinhu, zvinonamatwa mukirasi chete.

Zvikurukuru kurarama zvinhu vanochinja-siyana utachiona. Hair vanhu, vatambi, mhuka. Tarisa mifananidzo namabhiza vaimhanya, kusarudza chii chiri kuitika pamwe zenze dzavo uye muswe hazvitomboiti. A pindana zvinhu chifananidzo? Kana iwe vayambukire chifananidzo kombiyuta, kunyange muchina simba kupfuura kuwana zvakaoma kupa chisarudzo chakarurama.

Next maonero - chinhu yokunyengera. Vamwe zvinhu, mhuka vanozvishandura kuva zvakatipoteredza, uye zvikuru nounyanzvi. Uye zvakafanana makwapa uye coloring. Kunyange zvakadaro, isu kuvaona, kunyange nguva dzose kure.

Chimwe chinetso - sangano. Zvinhu zvitange sanzwisisika achiona deformation.

Vazhinji zvinhu zviri shanduka chaizvo. Pano, somuenzaniso, ari maviri mapikicha pazasi vanovengwa "cheya".

Zvino ichi unogona kugara. Asi kudzidzisa muchina, zvokuti dzakasiyana zvinhu chimiro, ruvara, zvinhu, zvinhu zvose chinhu "cheya" - zvakaoma chaizvo. Ndiro dambudziko. Kuti nokusangana nzira chiratidzo kombiyuta - ndiko kudzidzisa muchina kunzwisisa, ongorora, fungidzira.

Kusangana zvaakaratidzwa kombiyuta platforms siyana

The vakawanda chiratidzo kombiyuta vakatanga munhumbi zvakawanda 2001, paakasika wokutanga chiso detector. Takawirirana kuti vanyori vaviri: Viola, Jones. Rakanga kutsanya uye rakavimbika algorithm wokutanga zvakakwana, izvo akaratidza simba nzira muchina pakudzidza.

Zvino chiratidzo kombiyuta vane zvakakwana mafomu matsva anobatsira - kuziva chiso chomunhu.

Asi kuziva murume sezvo ari mumafirimu - pavaidira pamakona, zvakasiyana chiedza mamiriro - hazvibviri. Asi kuti kugadzirisa dambudziko, kana mumwe kuti vanhu vakasiyana vaine zvakasiyana chiedza kana pane yakasiyana pose, zvakafanana sezvo ari mufananidzo iri pasipoti, zvinokwanisika rurefu mwero chivimbo.

pasipoti pikicha zvinodiwa kukonzerwa kuti chiri chiso kuzivikanwa algorithms.

Somuenzaniso, kana uine munhu biometric pasipoti, mune dzimwe dzendege ano, unogona kushandisa otomatiki pasipoti kudzora hurongwa.

Unsolved dambudziko zvaakaratidzwa kombiyuta - kukwanisa kuziva chero chinyorwa

Zvichida mumwe munhu akashandisa OCR hurongwa. Mumwe izvi - Wakanaka Reader, yakakurumbira zvikuru pakati RuNet ino. Pane zvakawanda siyana apo iwe wozadza data, ivo zvakakwana tarisa, mashoko anozivikanwa munyika kwazvo. Asi chero rugwaro pamufananidzo zvinhu zviipe. dambudziko iri yasara unsolved.

Games chokuita nechiratidzo kombiyuta, inofamba kubatwa

Separate nzvimbo guru - ndiko kusikwa-dimensional matatu mienzaniso uye inofamba kubatwa (iro zvikuru zvinobudirira rakatangwa muna mitambo yepakombiyuta). chirongwa chokutanga, iyo inoshandisa chiratidzo kombiyuta - kwegadziriro nekuita chete kombiyuta kushandisa dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri. Kana akasikwa zvakanga zvakawanda zvinhu rakashama.

The algorithm chakagadzirirwa zvikuru nyore, asi kuti kugadzira zvakatora kusika jenareta kuti chakaita zvokugadzirwa mifananidzo vanhu kuti miriyoni mifananidzo. Supercomputer navo kusarudza parameters ari algorithm, icho zvino anoshanda zvakanaka.

Ndizvo miriyoni mifananidzo uye vhiki countable supercomputer nguva zvichiita kuti pave algorithm unopedza 12% of tinokwanisa mumwe processor uye anobvumira munhu kunzwisisa nzvimbo nenguva chaiyo. This Microsoft Kinect maitiro (2010).

Search mifananidzo kubudikidza kugutsikana kunoita kuti Upload Photos negadziriro, uye migumisiro payo achapa zvose mifananidzo pamwe chete kugutsikana uye akaita kubva chete pakona.

Mienzaniso zvaakaratidzwa kombiyuta:-dimensional matatu uye vaviri-dimensional mepu zvino kuitwa nayo. Maps wekushandisa motokari dziri aigara achiudza maererano DVR.

Pane Database pamwe mabhiriyoni geotagged mifananidzo. By kudhanilodha pamufananidzo Database, unogona kuona apo rakaitwa, uye kunyange nevamwe maonero. Chokwadi, chero bedzi nzvimbo dzakakurumbira zvakakwana kuti imwe nguva yacho vashanyi uye akaita anoverengeka mapikicha munharaunda zvave ikoko.

marobhoti vari kwose kwose

Robotics panguva ino, kwose kwose, pasina izvozvo chero nzira. Zvino kune motokari kuti vane anokosha makamera kuti tizive netsoka uye mugwagwa zviratidzo wokushandura mirayiro mutyairi (ichi nenzira purogiramu yepakombiyuta kuona, zvinobatsira muchairi). Uye pane zvizere zvoga robotic motokari, asi havagoni kungovimba vhidhiyo kamera hurongwa pasina kushandisa yakawanda mamwe mashoko.

Modern kamera - iyi ndiyo analogue kamera obscura

Ngatimbotaura pamusoro digitaalinen mufananidzo. Modern digitaalinen Makamera vanosarudzirwa panheyo kamera obscura. Chete panzvimbo mugomba kuburikidza icho chiedza anopinda danda uye projected padenga musana parusvingo mukamuri yacho redunhu, tine chinokosha Manyiminya hurongwa akadana izvo. chinhu charo kuunganidza huru chiedza danda uye kuichinja kuitira kuti vose mwaranzi vakayambuka rakapotsa pfungwa kuti kuwana fungidziro uye anoumba chifananidzo pamusoro firimu kana chizvaro.

Modern digitaalinen Makamera (chizvaro) rinoumbwa nomumwe zvinhu - pixels. Mumwe Pixel anogona kuyera nesimba chiedza chiri chiitiko pamusoro Pixel yose, uye vobva rimwe goho nhamba. Saka, muna digital kamera, tinowana pachinzvimbo chacho Nokupenya yakatarwa chiedza kuyerwa, abatwa imwe chete Pixel - kombiyuta munda maonero. Naizvozvo, kana mufananidzo tinoona haasi inoyerera mitsetse uye yakajeka contours, uye grid mavara dzinoungana namavara akasiyana - pixels.

Below munoona wokutanga mufananidzo digitaalinen munyika.

Asi mumufananidzo uyu haasi? Color. Chii ruvara?

Psychological maonero ruvara

Color - ndizvo zvatinoona. Ruvara mumwe chetezvo vanhu nekatsi vachava zvakasiyana. Sezvo isu (vanhu) uye mhuka Manyiminya gadziriro - zvakaratidzwa zvakasiyana. Naizvozvo, ruvara - zviri mupfungwa unhu chiono yedu kuti kunoitika apo zvinhu uye chiedza. Uye kwete pfuma chinhu uye chiedza chaiko. Color - ndiwo mugumisiro kubata chiedza zvinoriumba, uye mamiriro ezvinhu enyika yedu kuona hurongwa.

Zvirongwa Computer Vision muna Python vachishandisa mumaraibhurari

Kana vakasarudza kuita zvakakomba kudzidza chiratidzo kombiyuta, hwobva kugadzirira nhamba nezvinetso, sayenzi iyi haisi nyore uye inovanza dzinoverengeka misungo. Asi "Programming Computer Vision ari Python" vakanyora Jan Erik Solema - bhuku rinotaura zvose mutauro kupfuura nyore. Pano uchateerera tinyatsoziva dzokudzidzisa kuzivikanwa zvinhu siyana muna 3D, dzidza kushanda pamwe redhiyo mufananidzo, rakapotsa chokwadi uye vamwe mafomu wezvakaonekwa kombiyuta zhinji. Mubhuku mienzaniso iri Python zvakakwana. Asi tsanangudzo dzinoturwa, saka kutaura, generalized, kuti arege wakaremedza yokutsvakurudza rakawandisa uye zvakaoma mashoko. Shanda dzakakodzerana vadzidzi, amateurs, uye iyi. Download ichi bhuku nevamwe pamusoro kombiyuta chiratidzo (pdf-youduku) anogona kuva pemambure.

Panguva iyoyo, pane bhuku yakazaruka raibhurari kombiyuta chiono algorithms uye mufananidzo kubudiswa uye kusanganiswa algorithms OpenCV. Zvinonzi chinozoiswa pamusoro vakawanda zvirongwa mitauro ano, yakazaruka tsime. Kana isu nezvazvo chiratidzo kombiyuta, Python anoshandisa somunhu mutauro zvirongwa, uyewo ane rutsigiro raibhurari, mukuwedzera, zviri kuramba Evolving uye ane munharaunda huru.

The kambani "Microsoft" inopa mabasa ayo Api-kukwanisa kudzidzisa Neural Network vakaicheka mifananidzo yevanhu. Panewo mukana kushandisa chiratidzo kombiyuta, Python anoshandisa sezvo mutauro zvirongwa.