MPLS - chii here?

In emakambani ano mukuvaka kwezvivako pakati ari yemakambani rezvebonde MPLS zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvinogona kuiswa. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvayo? Ndezvipi zvakanakira rine pamusoro zvetsika hwokutiparadza michina?

General ruzivo pamusoro mabikirwo

Chii MPLS chaizvo? Chii Michina ichi? MPLS - iri pfungwa maererano iyo kombiyuta flow vakatakura vorega omumasherufu. Its chikuru chinhu - kupa imwe nzira kune kuongorora norudzi routers IPLP headers pamusoro omumasherufu zvose, izvo zviri kuitwa kuitira kuti dzichiita kuti kutapurirana yavo inotevera chezvinonhuwira ari kwezvivako. In Kana apo mabikirwo mune mubvunzo iri kusashanda, kuti Header kuongorora rinoitwa kamwe pamusoro kupinda MPLS network, uye ipapo parura vachiongorora kusachinja-chinja pakati parameters uye packet rukova zvivako.

MPLS patani zvinhu

Dzakabudirira Michina MPLS nyanzvi kuziva kuzadziswa zvakasikwa kukurukurirana dzakati kuti zvakakodzera vose kwezvivako ose migero vematunhu-kushandisa uye kuti mafomu uko omumasherufu zvitange. The MPLS samambure hunogona kutapukira-siyana rwemotokari mhando - IP, ATM, Ethernet, SONET, SDH. Yepfungwa rakanga raitwa kufungisisa uye zvaasingagoni ari kwokutanga nemishumo chinangwa zvakafanana. Saka mune zvimwe MPLS kunosanganisira Implementation kungoti algorithm tichienzanisa nzira inoshandiswa zverudzi mhinduro. Maererano nenyanzvi, nemambure midziyo hunotsigira MPLS michina, anokwanisa kubvisa kubva kumusika tsika zvinogadzirisa, izvo zvinoratidza kuti MPLS Developers aita basa rakanaka optimizing uye universalization mafungiro.

MPLS uye IP

Saka tinoziva mirayiridzo inokosha MPLS yokuti kworudzii zvigadzirwa. In kwakajairika network, iyo inoshandisa TCP-IP dzakati, packet hwokutiparadza hwakasimba chinozoiswa kushandisa kombiyuta IP-kero uko packet iri inoparadzirwa. Mumidziyo pamwe routers zvose ive ruzivo pamusoro chii inowanikwa iri kusashanda panguva Data kuchinjwa, uyewo pamusoro kombiyuta uchida Redirect kuitika pasuru pairi.

Kana ari MPLS kuroorana vakatakura yakasiyana kusvika. Iye, sezvo isu munotoriziva, inosanganisira Implementation pamusoro Protocol Label Achitaurazve. Vari yakasungirirwa dzakananga packet, icho chinopfuudzwa mu pemambure. Routers kurigamuchira, panguva imwe chete vane ruzivo pamusoro sei uchatamisa mashoko pamusoro - pahwaro imwe ukoshi, ndiro MPLS-chitaridzi. Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti riri mukati MPLS-Header riri pakati pamatanda uye pasuru maererano format. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Tags wandei anogona kuiswa chete pasuru. Kuratidza kuti imwe chitaridzi - rokupedzisira iri boka, inokosha mireza anoshandiswa.

Zvichava kubatsira kufunga muudzame zvakanakira michina iri mubvunzo, pamberi chinyakare mhinduro.

Zvikomborero kiyi MPLS: kuti kunyatsoshanda kuti mashoko kugadzira

Anokosha mukana MPLS mune mari shoma nguva yokuti mashoko kubudiswa pane kana kuenzanisa IP-kero. Uyezve, MPLS zvemichina kunoderedza nguva inoitika Redirect packet vachishandisa moyo routers. Nokuchinja kunogona kuitwa anenge nokushandiswa vakawanda protocols nayo inoshandisa chaiyo Tags mukati date omumasherufu pachishandiswa pemambure. With fomu ichi vaparadzane kushandisa Rwako.

Zvakanakira MPLS: pakawanda

Chimwe chinokosha pfungwa - pakawanda. Zvinenge chero IP MPLS samambure anogona chinozoiswa. The michina iri mubvunzo rinotsigirwa panguva Hardware pamwero. In Zvinotaurwa zvinobvira kushandisa, inokwanisika negadziriso pakutevedzera MPLS - Mikrotik Somuenzaniso. misimboti Universal kwezvivako kuunza kushandisika mamiriro. Zvisinei, magadzirirwe MPLS samambure Hardware configuration kunofanira kuitwa ruzivo unyanzvi. Chekutanga - vari chikamu nomazvo kunzwisisa samambure mapurani unhu waro Hardware zvinoriumba.

Zvakanakira MPLS: Scalability

MPLS kwezvivako iri scalable uye yakakwirira mwero kuzvionera kushanda panyaya protocols siyana naro mashoko ari inoparadzirwa. Specificity chaiwo mitemo chinozoiswa panguva kubatana layer hazvina basa. Pakatanga MPLS samambure haumanikidzwi nokushanda rechipiri network pamwero kuti optimized nekuda kwemashoko mamwe motokari. Kubva nemaonero pamusoro kupatsanura pakati mhando MPLS nokuchinja network pemurairo zvakabatanidzwa kwezvivako, umo packet nokuchinja.

The MPLS akitekicha: inokosha chikwata

Ngationei kudzidza chii mano vanotarisirwa kushandisa flow apo MPLS pfungwa anoshandawo, chii kwezvivako mhando tichitarisa kushandisa Hardware mari. The mudziyo mukuru, izvo apindira, zvinogona kunzi gadziriro zvakakodzera michina:

- the router inowirirana MPLS pfungwa, uyewo kwakajairika date hutachiwana protocols;

- router interfaces kuti mudziyo waiva Protocol Label Achitaurazve haina akaita (kusanganisira nokuda haitsigirwi MPLS);

- boka samambure namano inoshandiswa Kuenda kushandiswa zvisiri pasi mukuru Kutarisirwa uye hwokutiparadza gadziriro.

Kutaura zvazviri, mudziyo wokutanga mhando kuumba dzazvinogara boka, izvo zvinozoita zvinowanisa umambo. MPLS-routers rechipiri mhando kuita pamuganhu kumiganhu soumambo ichi.

Mirayiridzo inokosha MPLS-nokuchinja

Dzidza chii hwaro dzemitemo zvaakatadzisa nokuchinja mukati mabikirwo mune mubvunzo. Sezvatinoziva, inokosha chezvinonhuwira MPLS - ndiyo chaiyo. Kugoverana ndiyo hwaro akakodzera rwokugadzira. omumasherufu vose chinopfuudzwa mu pomumbure, pamwe mumwe mhando samambure rukoko. Mumwe nomumwe wavo panguva imwe chete chinozivikanwa imwe chitaridzi. Its ukoshi akasiyana chete kana munyaya yechinangwa imwe tatamuka pakati njanji unomhanya pakati nodes pamusoro pomumbure, riri munharaunda, kureva routers wokutanga mhando (kupatsanura, takurukura pamusoro.) Chero pasuru Saka kusanganisa chitaridzi. Zvisinei, nzira kwoukama dzaro pasuru kuchaenderana worudzii zvemichina rinoshandiswa mukati pemambure chiteshi kwezvivako.

Kukurukurirana pakati routers

Kana kuti router anogona kukumbira nemambure mashoko kushandisa algorithm inowirirana MPLS - BGP Somuenzaniso. The chikuru kushanda mudziyo uyu nyaya - kuitira date exchange pedyo devaysa nokuparadzira Labels, vakabva kushandiswa chinangwa nokuchinja. Just kugoverana anogona kuitwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, mashoko LDP dzakati inogona kusashanda kana dzakachinjwa shanduro dzimwe hwokutiparadza mitemo anoshandiswa mutarisiri pemambure.

Table zvinoriumba

In nedanho kuparadzirwa Tags yoga mashoko nzira dziri kuumbwa panguva dzakasiyana kutaurirana namano. On nerimwe routers anoshandiswa kuzora tafura iyo inopa enzanirana yenhengo vawadzane chiyamuro inowanikwa, uye nzvimbo dzinoratidza zvechadenga goho kwezvivako. A router kugamuchira imwe pasuru maererano inowanikwa nhamba, uyewo nokuverenga Chikwata mutengo wakaisirwa nemashoko zvitange yamunenge goho inowanikwa. Panyaya iyi, rapfuura ukoshi mukati chipepa zano uye yatsiviwa itsva, iyo zvinoratidzwa chikamu tafura apo goho Tags vari wakaiswa, ipapo packet iri vakundwa kune imwe nhengo samambure kwezvivako.

MPLS dzakati hunotora kuraswa kuziva nomumwe munda tsika akarongwa mumwe musara tafura yaishandiswa. IP-адрес исходного устройства имеет самый длинный префикс в рамках таблицы маршрутизации. Uye ichi ndicho nokuti kuti apa pfungwa kunoita zvakawanda nokukurumidza kutapurirana mashoko tichienzanisa nzira inoshandiswa vanhuwo hwokutiparadza apo IP-Kero panobva mudziyo une wakarebesa chivakashure mukati patafura hwokutiparadza.

Sechivako MPLS

Funga zvakadzama zviri STRUCTURAL zviri nemambure pfungwa iri mubvunzo. MPLS une huru mbiri zvinoriumba:

- moyo;

- Border nharaunda.

The echivako rine namano kuti kunodiwa kutsigira MPLS. Ivo anoshandiswa sezvo zvinoumba ari kwezvivako nokuda hwokutiparadza motokari mukati raundi-up Protocol. Saka, mukuru basa mano kupa ari chinoumba - nokuchinja.

Uyewo, muganhu nharaunda anoenderana nokuti classifying omumasherufu maererano yakasimbiswa nzira, nokuti Implementation kuti ukama services - seiya nechokuita mupise Data yedzimudzangara, kuderedza Network motokari. kuparadzirwa ichi mitambo pakati chinoumba uye muganhu nharaunda unokubvumira kugadzira MPLS Network-kwaanogara-zvakananga mano mukati pemambure.

Nzira packet chokuguma

Tichafamba kudzidza muudzame hukuru zvikuru mapiro date yedzimudzangara rinoitwa chokuguma omumasherufu vachishandisa MPLS-zvisiri. Chekutanga zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chaiyo ine zvinotevera huru unhu: a wakaiswa urefu, nemamwe ari akapoteredza rimwe remubatanidzwa iro rinoitwa pakati yakavakidzana routers.

Kutaura zvazviri, chaiyo pamwe chete mutengo zvinogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana pomumbure, asi chete mukati yechinangwa kutaurirana pakati wacho yegwara routers. Zvisinei, muchiitiko ichi, mudziyo anofanira kuona kana aibva pasuru pamwe Data unoenderana waivapo chitaridzi. In tsika, zviri nyore samambure kwokubatana anogona vakavhiyiwa chete akagadzirwa MPLS-zvisiri mukati inowanikwa.

In zvikuru kunzwisisa kwezvivako zvinoda nezvokupindira munhu yoga akagadzirwa Tags ari oga module kana mudziyo. Pakarepo pamberi vanobatana pamusoro pasuru, MPLS-chiratidzo encoded maererano yakatarwa algorithm. Kana samambure IP dzakati iri kusashanda, kuti chipepa anoiswa mukati packet Header. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinoratidzwa dzakati Header kwatova date kubatana rukoko. Uyewo, unogona kuitwa neimwe yeEncoding ukoshi.

Kushandiswa hwemapoka chitaridzi

Panguva date yedzimudzangara samambure pasi kukurukurwa kushandisa pfungwa pasuru mamiriro anogona kuvapo, sezvataona kumusoro, boka azoti - muzvikochikari. Mumwe nomumwe wavo anogona kukanganisa kushanda Kuwedzera kana kubviswa zvimwe tags. Panyaya iyi, chete okumusoro kupiwa chaizvo nokuchinja mugumisiro. Ichi chinowanikwa Data iri MPLS pomumbure kunotibvumira kushandisa mugero kukurukurirana. Pamurwi zvinoriumba varipo vane kureba 32 matomu. Muna 20 izvi anopiwa Chikwata, 8 - panguva pakaunda packet upenyu nguva, 1 - rinoratidza yakaderera panogumira Chiratidzo boka, 3 - asingadi kushandiswa uchidzidzira. Kazhinji, chero zvinoita Tag ukoshi - kunze inoverengeka reserved.

The nemamiriro kushandisa nzira

Kuti kwazvo kunzwisisa, ndedzipi pfungwa kushanda MPLS network, kworudzii zvigadzirwa achava kubatsira kudzidza STRUCTURAL zviri kushandisa nzira iri kuvakwa muimba zvakarukwa kwezvivako. Its chikuru chinhu ndechokuti rine yakatarwa nzvimbo - nomusi iwoyo chechetere. Ivo nokuchinja zvinoitwa uchishandisa Chikwata pamusoro yakananga chechetere.

Sechivako zvikuru azvipire kutarisirwa kushandisa mazano uye goho routers. Above tinoona kuti muna MPLS network inogona kushandiswa LDP Protocol. Ngationei kudzidza sei nokuchinja nzira inogona kuvakwa pamwe nezvokupindira of LDP.

Danho rokutanga chokundidzinga UDP omumasherufu, izvo kungasanganisira vakawanda kero, routers, kuisa yako nzvimbo iri rwomumbure - nokushandisa LDP. Rinogonawo pakutsvaga richibatanidza routers kuti hamuzi chete gwara. Ichi chiri sechivako nemambure inokosha kubva nemaonero pamusoro Implementation ari umboo pamanyorerwo iri mugero.

Kana nzvimbo yacho routers yakaiswa, LDP dzakati inotanga remubatanidzwa ndiye TCP, i.e. pamusoro payo. Senzira anoumba chikumbiro kutanga kunyorerana, uyewo mashoko pamusoro wake. Uyewo pakati akasiyana mano zvinogona kutapurira bvunzo mashoko kuitira kuti ani pemambure unongotaura.