Mufananidzo weLermontov uye kukosha kwake pamifananidzo yeRussia

Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanoziva zvakawanda zvezvinyorwa zvenhoroondo, apo vanhu vane zviyero zvakaenzana vazviratidzira mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. KuRussia, rimwe remashoko aya ndeye mudetembi akakurumbira Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov.

Kunyatsogadziridza unhu

Icho chimiro cheLermontov hachikwanisi kuumbwa pasina kusimbisa zvipo izvo zvakasikwa zvakamupa iye. Mikhail Yurievich aiva nenzeve inonakidza yemimhanzi uye chido chekutamba chiridzwa. Akanyatsoita zvikamu pa violin, piano, akaimba uye kunyange, maererano nemamwe mabhuku, akanyora mimhanzi. Zvisinei, kana nyanzvi yeryozi yakanyorwa pamusoro apa yakashandiswa chete mukuzvifadza kwake, saka ruzivo rwake rwemhizha rwakamupa munyori ane ruzivo.

Pano pane ruzivo rwaLermontov rwakapiwa nyore nyore sarudzo yezvinetso zvemasvomhu, uye aizivikanwawo somucheche chess player. Pakati pezvakanaka zvayo ndezvine mimwe mitauro yemamwe marudzi, pamwe nekuverenga nokuverenga. Akave akakurumbira mukurumbira wenyika nekuda kwechipo chake chechihedheni kunhoroondo ye tsika. Uyu muduku nyanzvi (akafa pazera remakore makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemaviri) akanga asingadi kuumba chimwe chinhu sechinhu chakakosha seA AS Pushkin, kuti akashanda zvakaoma uye pakupedzisira akasiya nhaka isingagadziki mumhando yezvinyorwa, nhetembo nemifananidzo.

Lermontov is an artist

Dzidzo yegentry yemitambo yakapa dzidzo yakazara, kusanganisira kudzidzisa mukudhira. Ichokwadi kuti izvi hazvina kureva kuti vadzidzi vose vakava vashandi. Vazhinji vakanga vafanirwa kuva vanyengeri mundima iyi, asi kwete kuLermontov.

Mifananidzo yechirangaridzo yakachengetwa muzvinyorwa zvekuchengetedza inoratidza kuti ane chivimbo chekuti ane pikicha yekunyora peniki uye chimiro chake chekunyora. Mufananidzo waLermontov mupenzura unogona kunyatsobudisa manzwiro evanhu, pasina kutsauka kubva pamakona emakwikwi emagetsi.

Mune maitiro ake ekutanga anoongorora, Mikhail Yurievich anotaura nezvemashoko eSpanish Revolution. Pamufaro ake kune dhiratism uye rudo rukuru rwemhando dzevarume vechidiki vezera rake, kushamwaridzana kwevanyori kune zvinangwa zvekusununguka kunonzwika. Mukufananidza nemapurisa Lermontov akashanda asinganeti mubhuku renyorwa. Saka, muna 1830, nhetembo "VaSpanish" yakaonekwa, iyo munyori pachake akaenzanidza, uye muna 1833 basa rekutanga raizivikanwa uye rinokosha "Mufananidzo weDuke weLema" yaive ichibva pasi pemubhedha wemudetembi. Zvinonakidza kuti chiratidziro chemufananidzo uyu chaive chizvarwa chakaisvonaka chedetembi, uye pakuongorora zvakanyanya zvinogona kuonekwa kuti chimiro chake chakafanana nemifananidzo yaLermontov.

Zvinofanira kucherechedza kuti Mikhail Yurievich ane michina yemvuracolor, uye akanyorawo mafuta zvakanaka. Unyanzvi hwake hunofadza kurangarira rudo. Nokuda kwekugadzirwa kwake kwenguva pfupi, ngaaite achizvimiririra achienzanisa zvizhinji zvemabasa ake, kusanganisira nhetembo yakakurumbira "Sail".

Mufananidzo weLermontov

Kana mumakore ake maduku eupenyu Mikhail Yuryevich akabatwa kune nyika yekupenda nemifananidzo yakajeka, ipapo pazera rakakura, kucherechedza kwake kwakatorwa kumifananidzo yekuveza. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, akaratidza avo vaaiziva. Pakati pezvinyorwa zvinonyanya kukosha Lermontov inoratidzwa mu Muravyov, Kikin uye Stolypin (iyo yekupedzisira yakanyorwa mumvuracolor).

Mune nhoroondo yeLermontov yekutsvakurudza maitiro, kuzvipira kwake, muna 1837, kune basa guru. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti munyori uyu akanyanya kufadza mufananidzo wake, achizviratidza semurwi maererano nechekupedzisira kweMakomo eCaucasus. Zvisinei, kurongeka kwakadaro hakusi kwekukosha kwezvakaitika kare, sezvo aive akatakura basa reapurisa uye akapinda muhondo yekurwisana nevatasvi vemakomo (1840). Izvi zviitiko zvakasara zvinyorwa munzira yekusika yenziyo. Mifananidzo yacho yakawedzera kukura: Mufananidzo waLermontov wakanga uzere nemapurokisi epensekisi, sokunge kuti munyori akanga achikurumidza kugadzirisa chifananidzo.

Mifananidzo yakakurumbira yaLermontov

Pakati pezvikamu zvakakurumbira zveRussia, zvimwe, Lermontov akararama upenyu hupfupi uye hwakaoma zvikuru. Mifananidzo, iyo mifananidzo inoratidzika seiri kuratidza vanhu vakasiyana zvakasiyana, inopfuurira kune mazuva edu chete muhuwandu hwezvigadziko gumi, izvo zvinowedzera kukosha kwavo uye panguva imwechete zvinoratidza kukudzwa kwakanyanya kwaMikhail Yurievich mumifananidzo.

Zvichipa chokwadi chokuti hupenyu hwemunyori wacho hwakagurwa pazera remakore makumi maviri nemaviri, haaikwanisi kuchinja zvakananga kunze. Zviri pachena kuti, maererano nemafungiro evanyori, mifananidzo imwe neimwe yaM. M. Lermontov inotevera chinangwa chekugadzirisa mutevedzeri wenhetembo yepakati mukati, kwete kuonekwa kwake. Somuenzaniso, imwe yemifananidzo yakaratidza Mikhail Yurievich inoratidzira munguva iyo hondo isati yasvika nevatasvi vemakomo, asi AI Klyudner akaratidzira mumusana wake mamiriro emweya omudetembi shure.

Kune mifananidzo yakawanda inoratidzira Lermontov (portraits, photos), asi iyo inokosha kupfuura dzose ndeye FA Budkin, PE Zabolotsky, AI Klyunder. Chimiro choga apo murondedzeri anowanikwa pamberi pemuoni achiri muduku, ndewechigaro cheSerf, uyo akaita basa rakagadzwa naambuya vemukomana. Mufananidzo wekupedzisira weupenyu weLermontov M. Yu. Yakanyorwa naKK Gorbunov uye yakagadzirwa nemvura.

Young genius

Hapana mifananidzo yeLermontov inogona kuratidza hukuru hwehupenyu hwake. Upenyu hwake hwose hwakabhururuka nechinguva, uye zvisinei, iye, saByron, akakwanisa kuisa rudo rwemunhu wese akawirwa nenjodzi.

Zvechokwadi, achienzanisa chipo chaMikhail Yurievich kumabhuku nekupenda, ndinoda kuona kuti akanga asina nguva yekuziva nzira yekugadzira maitiro. Zvisinei, hakuna munhu anogona kuramba kuti hupenyu hwejaya rakasununguka zvisina kururama mangwanani, uye zvingave kuti angadai akakwanisa kuwedzera tarenda yake kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakwirira.

Kusvika iye zvino, ruzivo rwehupenyu hunosanganisira 13 kuvezwa kwemafuta, 44 emvura inoshandiswa, mazana mana emifananidzo yakajeka, inochengetwa mumasimamu ehurumende yeRussia, State Library, uye kunze kwenyika.