Exogenous - ndiwo variables chokuita endogenous variables. macroeconomic Modèles

Mukuedza kusika mufananidzo upfumi chokwadi, nyanzvi dzakatanga kushandisa kwainoita pfungwa. Mune imwe nzira, dzinonzi macroeconomic yokutevedzera. Pasi pfungwa iyi anofanira kunzwisiswa chimiro achirondedzera kwemasayendisiti uye mananara kuwana kuwirirana therebetween.

Kukosha macroeconomic yokutevedzera

Ndivo husingaoneki kuratidzwa chaiye zvoupfumi mufananidzo. Izvi imhaka yokuti mukufamba kuferefeta hazvibviri kufunga zvakananga kusiyana iripo zvikamu.

Naizvozvo, hapana muenzaniso haagoni kunzi vakakwana uye kwakakwana. It haripi chimwe mhinduro yakarurama rinotungamirirwa vamwe ezvinhu pane imwe nguva penguva.

Zvisinei, achibatsirwa Hurumende mhando kukwanisa:

• Ongorora vakadaro makro-zvoupfumi pezvakaitwa uye mananara sezvo mitengo, urovha, kufarira rates, Exchange uye zvakawanda.
• Ita Zvaifungidzirwa kuti macroeconomic pezvakaitwa uye zvakavapo.
• Kuwana matambudziko kuita.

Kushandiswa macroeconomic mienzaniso achibvumira optimum mubatanidzwa nhumbi mari, fiscal, mari uye kutengeserana itsika. Izvi zvinokosha kuti iti chechetere mabhizimisi kutenderera uye kutsungirira nematambudziko.

dzakasiyana-siyana Modèles

Zvichienderana worudzii nematambudziko zviri kuongororwa, kushandisa siyana yokutevedzera. The kupatsanura pazvikanganiso dzakawanda nzira:

• Pakazosvika nzira mharidzo yacho bvunzo kwacho kana Fani - hwakajeka uye zvoupfumi-akarongeka.
• Nokuti ya - pfupi uye refu.
• Nenhanho mishumo vavatorwa nemauto - yakavharwa uye akazaruka. Closed mhando regai chikonzero simba dzimwe nyika, yakazaruka kufungawo matambudziko kunze nyika National upfumi.
• Pakazosvika nhamba zvoupfumi masangano - nyore (yemakambani uye mabhizimisi, nemhuri) uye azere (chikamu state).
• Maererano kuratidzwa mhando zviitiko nenguva - kunofambira mberi uye simba. Wokutanga hakuiti kufungawo nguva chinhu, izvo zvakafanira kuti kuzadziswa nechimwe chiitiko. The yokupedzisira kunoratidzwa zvachinja ukama zviratidzi upfumi pamusoro nguva.

The yakakurumbira muenzaniso macroeconomy

Nokufamba dzakaitika kukura, ivo vakaumba rakakura chitsama. Asi pakati pavo vari muenzaniso macroeconomic, rwakazokura dzakakurumbira chaizvo.

Model tenderera Rwako.

Rinoti chaiyo uye wakasununguka mari riyerere vari akaziva apo yose kugadzirwa kuenzaniswa zvachose zvekushandisa zviri yemakambani, mhuri, inoti uye navamwe nyika.

Muenzaniso uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. vade uye uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. zvitengeswa. Kunoitawo kuti:

• kuziva zvinhu pasi iyo zvakanyatsoenzana zvasvika mu macroeconomics;
• kuona zvakakodzera nenhanho goho uye mutengo chechetere;
• chakonzera kuchinja ari zvakanyatsoenzana goho uye mutengo yomuropa, uyewo kuratidza migumisiro kuchinja izvi;
• chipo nzira zvisarudzo zvoupfumi.

Phillips munyonga uye Laffer. Phillips munyonga inoratidza ukama pakati urovha uye mitengo.

Laffer munyonga uri mufananidzo graphical pakati Laffer maturo. Chaizvoizvo Its iri ndechokuti zvinoderedza mitero kuchaderedza hurumende kwemari iri pfupi. Nokufamba kwenguva - kune kuwedzera mari, basa uye kuwedzera mari unodiwa.

Solow muenzaniso zvoupfumi kukura.

Pamusana kwaari, tinogona kuona Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri mari zvazvingava, chinopa vaifanira zvichibvira rinodyiwa.

Pakuvaka nezvemarudzi maviri variables vachishandisa macroeconomic yokutevedzera.

Pfungwa exogenous variables

Pakazosvika nguva yokutevedzera dzinovakwa, ivo nechakare. Exogenous - variables kuti akapiwa kunze uye vanoonekwa zvekunze. Nemamwe mashoko, kutanga mashoko.

Sezvo variables izvi kuonekwa, ave mutemo, ivo fiscal mutemo wenyika, akarirasa mutemo National Bank, uyewo avo Ezvemutauro:

• mari ukoshi;
• chengetedza zvinodiwa;
• mutero unodiwa;
• refinancing zvazvingava;
• hurumende mari.

Exogenous - variables chokuita mugumisiro chisarudzo womuenzaniso. changed wavo anonzi zvionera.

Pfungwa endogenous variables

Ndivo mugumisiro zvisarudzo panguva yakajeka womuenzaniso Masvomhu. Endogenous variables vari yakaumbwa mukati macroeconomic womuenzaniso. Naizvozvo dzinonzi zvemukati.

Endogenous variables anotomirira nechitarisiko ezvinhu. Dzavo mienzaniso kutamba:

• padanho mabasa uye mabasa;
• goho uye zvoupfumi kukura;
• INTERNATIONAL DZAISHANDISWA basa chechetere;
• mutengo pamwero uye mitengo.

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro ukama yomunyika uye zvokunze variables, pane chimwe chete-nzira causal ukama pakati pavo. Exogenous variables - Ndivo zvinoshandiswa kusarudza endogenous asi pachako kana haina kuwa pasi kwavo simba.

Model mabhanzi musika

Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani pfungwa shanduka, funga nezvomuenzaniso rokuvaka muenzaniso pamusika mabhanzi.

Toti kuti nezvoupfumi vari zvekungofungira matatu:

1. Level pana Q ^D akakungurutsa charehwa kunobva ukoshi P _b mabhanzi uye zvachose kwemari Y. nedoro iyi inoratidza _{^{mukana wokuti vanhu vanga: Q D = D (P b}} , Y)
2. Kuwanda mabhanzi Q ^s, chakabikwa Mabheka, zvinoenderana nokukosha P _b mabhanzi uye furawa P _add: Q ^S _{= S (P b, P F} )
3. Price shanduko mabhanzi kuitira kuti wedzerai uye kudiwa achipinda nepakati: Q ^D = Q ^S

Izvi equations vatatu vanoumba muenzaniso pamisika mabhanzi, uko kunomiririrwa romugove uye kudiwa chati.

kudiwa munyonga rakatarira downwards uye anoratidza sei zvikuru vatengi vanoda kutenga pakati pemabhanzi pane kuramba azvipire mari pane imwe mutengo. The yepamusoro mutengo, rezasi kwokudiwa.

Pomugove munyonga kumusoro. Zvinoratidza sei zvikuru kuti bhekari panguva yakatarwa mutengo youpfu ichabereka mabhisikiti pane imwe mutengo. The yepamusoro mutengo, chikumbiro yepamusorosoro. Pfungwa mharadzano of makakombama - musika zvakanyatsoenzana, zvakatemwa nokuda zvakanyatsoenzana mutengo uye nhamba yemabhuku nhumbi vakabayira muffinit, izvo rinoenderana kudiwa.

The mabhanzi mumusika womuenzaniso akapa vaviri marudzi variables. The exogenous variables mutengo hwakatsetseka zvachose kwemari, endogenous - mari chingwa mabhanzi uye bhuku rokutengesa dzavo.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vamwe mashoko ave kusiyiwa. Hazvina kufungawo nzvimbo bhekari uye anokwanisa kuisa mitengo zvakasiyana vakwikwidzi.

Muenzaniso unoratidza kuti exogenous variables chokuita endogenous. Saka, pamwe kuwedzera zvachose kwemari yakawedzera kudiwa chigadzirwa.

Uye nokuwedzera mutengo hwakatsetseka, zvinoderedza padanho nerubatsiro zvinhu.

Saka, muenzaniso imwe muenzaniso kunogona kuonekwa zvakajeka kuti kuchinja padanho mari uye mutengo youpfu kuchikosha kukanganisa pamusika mabhanzi. Izvi kamwe zvakare zvinopupurira dzidziso kuti exogenous variables - Ndivo zvinoita kuti sei nokuumbwa uye kukura makro-zvoupfumi pezvakaitwa uye zvakavapo.