The gasi Mapaipi "South Stream". Transnational gasi Mapaipi chirongwa

Wokutanga December 2014 acharangarirwa kwenguva nyika nguva refu. Raiva zuva nokuputika rimwe simba kupfuura mashoko mabhomba. Haufaniri kurangarira chii chakazoitika? Zvakanga rinoziviswa kuti chirongwa "South Stream gasi Mapaipi" rakavharwa. Point. Izvi zvinozoita kuti vakawanda havana kutarisira. Pashure pezvose, akavimbisa zhinji kubatsira vagari uye mabhizimisi okumaodzanyemba Europe. Zvisinei, chisarudzo chakaitwa. Ngatitorei kunzwisisa, pane zvakanga basa rakanaka uye nei zvakanga kare.

"Munoyeuka Ayakaita?"

Good mutsetse kubva rwiyo, asi mberi asingarambi nezvatakarerekera nhoroondo yedu. Yakanga isiri nguva yokutanga. Pakazosvika nguva Ndaifunga Mapaipi "South Stream" zvirongwa Similar kare vakabudirira rakatangwa. Kunyange munguva Soviet zvakanzi rwakatambanudzwa mutopota iyo akaenda yebhuruu huni Europe. All zvingava zvakanaka, asi nyika haina kuparara, asi Mapaipi yaiva mundima siyana dzinozvitonga inoti. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti Ukraine, akapfuura nomunharaunda yacho. Zvaita, zvamunokumbira? Usapa mutopota ichi chete yakawanda yokuzorora. Mari naye zvakawanda, uye anogona kunzwisisa zvingakwanisa "vanobatsirwa" zvavo, izvo ndizvo kukosha. Zvisinei, kwataita hachisi zvikuru zvechokwadi. Chokwadi anoramba kuti zvakanga zvakakodzera kuchinja dzaifanoiswa nzira kuzoponesa pamapatya vanhu kubva pakufurira tsaru. "Nord Stream" rave kuvakwa kuti chinangwa ichi. zvinyoronyoro Iye waburuswa kuUkraine Mapaipi. It chete kunopa gasi chete nyika iri Northern Europe. Other vatengi zviri negasi, chaiyo uye zvakawanda zvaiva "vasungwa" zviri wokuUkraine pombi. Ndipo pfungwa kuvaka gasi Mapaipi "South Stream". Kudivi rimwe, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti chaizvoizvo kubvisa imwe wokusavimbika dzaifanoiswa nyika, pamwe neimwe - pachavo zvinoda kutaurirana inogadziridza. upenyu hwavo hwakanga kare chinokosha. Dzaifanoiswa pfuma Kuchengetedzwa haina kunyanya kunetseka. Uye chero mashandiro ichishanda inochera kunze, kunyange "nyere", iyo, chokwadi, kunzwisisa maindasitiri kunzwisisa. Kazhinji, zvakanga mumwe munhu.

purojekiti

The gasi Mapaipi "South Stream" akatanga kuti apfuure nomunharaunda mashanu inotaura, achivapa mukana zvakatipoteredza basa mafuta. Muchiitiko chino, hapana munhu nechokwadi tarisiro chirongwa ichi. South Stream Nyika ndiwo: Bulgaria, Hungary, Serbia, Slovenia, Italy. Akabva abatanidza chirongwa Austria uye Greece. Zvaiva pachena sei zvinobatsira avo kunyika. Akatanga kuvaka rechinomwe December 2012. Chirongwa chaiva kuipedza muna 2015. Basa rakanga rakawanda. neIntergovernmental zvirongwa zvakadaro vanoumba kuMudzidzisi zvibvumirano, pasi iyo kuronga marongerwo. Mari okuvaka kuri kwete diki. Saka, maererano nokufungidzira, "Gazprom" aifanira mari mariri 2.6 billion. Dollars. Asi nhamba akasimuka US $ 4,66 billion .. European pombi chete uye kutaurirana vakanga vanofungidzirwa kuva muchadenga uwandu mabhiriyoni 16.6. Zvisinei, basa atanga kubika. akakodzera emakambani, dzinounzwa mari, vakabata Kufambisa zvakasikwa.

Zano gasi Mapaipi "South Stream"

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chirongwa ichi chinokosha varege kuenda zvakanaka. Zvinonzi pasi zvakadzama pachisara vogadzirisa, saka kutaura, pasi. Schematically, ake okupedzisira mumwe (kusiyiwa) Shanduro kuratidzwa Fig. Sezvaunogona kuona, aifanira kusvika vakawanda munyika vari Southern Europe, vachisiya mune ramangwana kune dzimwe nyika mukana abatane chirongwa. Uye Chikurukuru, "South Stream" - gasi Mapaipi (mepu iri mufananidzo) kuti bypasses ane wokusavimbika nemumwe, Kojima aiva Ukraine. Chikamu nenyere ukapfuura pasi Sea Black. Uyezve, kureba kwayo kunge anenge mapfumbamwe makiromita. Zvakanga aronga kuti Mapaipi achapfuura zvoupfumi munyika dzine kwete chete muRussia uye Bulgaria, asiwo Turkey, izvo, panzira, chirongwa ichi hachina kunyanya wandaida. Akanga zvino vane dzavo "gasi zvido." Kunyange zvakadaro, Turkey akapa mvumo kuti chirongwa "South Stream gasi Mapaipi." Bulgaria yakanga rakatevera pfungwa nenzira. Zvakanga aronga kuti Mapaipi achauya chaipo dzarwo pedo neguta Varna. Panguva iyi, gasi Mapaipi "South Stream", pamepu chakanga kunyange ezvoupfumi sezvo enyika, vakagumburwa pamusoro chipingamupinyi. Asi zvakawanda pamusoro pazasi.

The Russian Chikamu chirongwa

To Southern Europe "Russian" yebhuruu mafuta vagamuchira, zvakanga zvakafanira kuvaka maviri uye chiuru hafu makiromita ane Mapaipi kuti compressor yemapurisa. Riri pedyo neguta Anapa. "South Stream" pano chaiva kumhanya pamwe pasi pegungwa. "Russian" iri vaiona simba kupfuura compressor chechitima. Zvichaita kupomba mabhiriyoni 63. Cubic metres negasi pagore. Maererano dzaona data, zviri vanenge gumi muzana European kudiwa. Kuna Bulgarian mahombekombe nenyere aifanira "Gazprom" kuvaka yavo. Zvadaro, kuvaka akaramba pamwe boka, umo aiva makumi mashanu kubva muzana rokutambudzikira. Land mabasa rwaiitwa. Asi nenyere-nokuiswa mugungwa nemhuru nokuda sokunonoka pamwe kunyoresa mvumo. Bulgaria "South Stream", kune rumwe rutivi, akachingamidza, pane dzimwe - vasingagoni kuenda pamusoro European Commission, rine nzira maonero. Zvisinei "Gazprom" anopfuurira kuvaka. First nomoto panguva junctions ebhuruu tsinga kwakaitika vaitamba mutambo mhepo 7 December 2012. Sezvo CEO wechaunga wakati, pakutevedzera chirongwa munharaunda, Tkachenko: "South Stream" (Mapaipi) Anapa akagamuchira. Inopa mikana pokumuka munyika kwete chete European asiwo Krasnodar Territory. "

Europe uye "South Stream"

Mapaipi mepu kuti kuorora kunyange vanhu, vaduku aiziva upfumi, Chokwadi, akafarirwa ne EU vatungamiriri. The vokuItaly ndivo vokutanga kuitawo basa. Kunetseka wavo "Eni kuti" pamwe "Gazprom" akatanga kugadzira chinokosha muEurope nenyere. Mugwaro gwaro akagumisa muna 2007. Kubvira vakatanga chihombe tambokurukura basa. Gore rakatevera, 2008, Bulgaria akabatana basa racho. "South Stream" kupa vake chakanakisisa mukana optimize bhajeti. Mubereko kuti nyika pakupedzisira kurashikirwa, vanofungidzirwa 400 mabhiriyoni. Dollars. Zvegore, Serbia akati kuti zvakakodzerawo gasi. "South Stream" uye kusarudza kushandisa iri munharaunda yayo. The nyika yave wakasainwa ne "Gazprom" chibvumirano kuti hafu nenyere nokuda kambani yedu. zvibvumirano zvakadaro dzamboparidzirwa dzimwe nyika (muna 2009 - pamwe Slovenia, muna 2010 - Croatia). Panguva iyoyo basa akabatana kuAustria uye France. Zvapedzisira akasarudza vanopedzisira pakuvaka gasi Mapaipi "South Stream". The chirongwa ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose kambani vaifamba vachipa simba, «Électricité de France». Mugore iroro kuvaka gore chirongwa wacho wakasainwa Greece, Serbia uye Bulgaria. "South Stream", maererano pfungwa, kwaiva kuti huru nyika - dzaifanoiswa. Mariri, uye aiva rakakura snag, iyo ine makore mashoma zvinowanikwa nevaya vasina kufanana basa.

The dambudziko rokutanga

Tanga imwe kupikiswa safunga wakaradzikwa muna 2011. European Commissioner for Energy akayambira Ukraine pachena kuti pashure zvakasikwa uye kutanga kwe "South Stream" mashandiro, nyika ino rucharamba kubva basa. Hakusisiri nenyere richashandiswa dzaifanoiswa. Zman akaita zano wokuUkraine zviremera "kunyengetedza Russia kubvira chirongwa ichi." Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, nzira "South Stream" gasi Mapaipi akatora nzvimbo yakakodzera Kufambisa. Pashure Chirevo zvinovavarirwa nyika, kare zvaisanganisira basa racho, vakatanga kugumisa ne "Gazprom" zvibvumirano kuti nerubatsiro negasi. Kunyange zvazvo Russian Federation aifanira vomanikidza nyika dzokuEurope. Dmitry Medvedev, ari purezidhendi Russia, vakabata hurukuro yake Turkish ishamwari. Maererano zvabuda, akaratidza pfungwa yokuti basa racho inogona kuchinjwa. Kunyange ipapo paiva pfungwa yokuti unogona Redirect kuerera kuna Turkey, iyo haisi nhengo European Union.

wechitatu Energy Package

Chimwe chipingamupinyi kutakura kubva mabasa aiva EU mutemo. Chokwadi chokuti simba pamusika muna Union asi "ichiparara. ' Price pamwero chakasimbiswa kuburikidza zvakananga Nhaurirano ari mutengesi uye mutengi. Izvi zvinotungamirira nyongano mumusika. The EU akaita vava nhamba mitemo, inozivikanwa se "chetatu simba pasuru", yakagadzirirwa liberalize kutengeserana ezvinhu pamwe simba. Ivo kupatsanurwa bhizimisi uye dzaifanoiswa nyika yakanga envisaged. Kureva "Gazprom", maererano nemagwaro aya akanga asina kodzero kuvaka mutopota, makumi mashanu muzana mari raiva naye. The pasuru rakagamuchirwa muna 2009. Zvisinei, zvakanga Kwapera nokusaina vomuzana chibvumirano pamusoro pokumuka "South Stream". Pano paiva nyaya. Kudivi rimwe, chirongwa harwuwire pasi Third Energy Package, Ukuwo - European Commission haana kubvumira izvozvo kutanga, nokuti iye akatyora mitemo kushandisa nayo.

Tiri kuvaka, uye iwe - nenzira yaunoda

Zvisinei, Russia haana kusiya munhu kunobatsira chirongwa. On Ndima yayo vose kurongwa basa nguva kuti zviiswe kushanda "South Stream". Anapa Mapaipi Somuenzaniso, vakasangana vachifara. Kwete chete kuti, chinotevera muguta akavaka chakakomba zvebhizimisi, kusika mabasa matsva, saka zvakawanda uye akapoteredza nemisha zvakagoverwa pamwe negasi. Munharaunda akatanga kuva rakakodzera nezvacho gasification. Vamwe kuchinja urongwa vakatanga kutora kuoneka muna 2014. Mushure reunification pakati kuCrimea pamwe Russia gasi makambani akatanga kufunga kuti chiitiko ichi zvingangokanganisa chirongwa chavo. Chokwadi kuti yakadzika-achiisa (anenge maviri kilometers) - ane bhizimisi zvinodhura. Kana kutungamirira mutopota pamusoro Crimean ndima, mugungwa, iye achava pamusoro kwokurangana zviduku. Izvi zvinogona kuderedza mari chirongwa. Zvava kukamura uchishandisa chaizvo nokuda nokuiswa zvirango zvayakatemera Russia.

Zvose dzakaguma kuBulgaria

Roga, basa pakusika inokosha chirongwa ane yakaoma azere zvose zvemarudzi subtleties uye nuances. Tinofanira kubvuma zvakawanda vanaamwene Hurumende pokuita nyika vawane magwaro, kuwana mari uye zvichingodaro. ichi "Gazprom" zvose zvaitwa. Asati atanga kuvakwa kwaidiwa kuwana mvumo kubva kunyika yakanga kuwedzera kuoma iri ezvinhu wokuUkraine dambudziko kwakatanga. Asi Austria uye dzimwe nyika dzose "creaking" akasaina ose anodiwa mapepa. It akamisa gasi Mapaipi "South Stream" Bulgaria. Mushure refu Nhaurirano uye kubvumirana pane nyika haana kupa mvumo yake. Kukurudzirwa kuramba iyoyo Third Energy Package. The President wenyika kuBulgaria aiva akaoma. The nyika sezvo nhengo European Union, vanosungirwa kuti vateerere mitemo yake uye zvaanoda utariri. Ukuwo - kubatsira vaiva pakutanga pachena kune vose. Bulgaria akaita sarudzo kwayo, kurega dzaifanoiswa purofiti. Documents achireva yayo kuti munotenderana pakutanga kuvakwa, hakuna vakasaina. Chiitiko ichi hazvina kuitika aiva hwaro kuitwa Russian President chisarudzo akapidigura kosi zviitiko. It akaita navanopinda resonance uye nemusoro vapamatunhu chinzvimbo European Commission uye kwete chete.

Nokuvhara chirongwa. Chii chakazoitika?

Saka uya December 1, 2014. Pakashanya kuna Turkey, President of Russian Federation, pamwe chete wandaiziva kubva visa akaita mashoko. Europe hwakaiswa pamberi chokwadi. The chirongwa yapera. No urongwa havana aishanda Russian Federation. Dzokera kune "South Stream" kwete. Asi zvakadini nevaya vanenge vaisandishora pakurigadzira, uyo akashanda pamwe "Gazprom" kwemakore ose aya? Putin vakazivisa kuti zvose 63 bhiriyoni. Cubic metres negasi achazvipiwa kuna Turkey. Chikamu zviri uye ichaparadzwa. Nokuti vaya kuratidza chido vachiri kutenga Russian gasi nomusimboti ichavakwa pamuganhu Turkey uye Greece. Chete zvino, kuvakwa chokufambisa kukurukurirana rava nemusoro nevatengi. Iyo Russian Federation abvumirana Third Energy Package. Uko vokuEurope kutora mari yakadaro kuvakwa chinodhura, ndiko basa ravo. Saka, munguva yemberi, Turkey ichavaitira unokupai negasi kuti EU mukuru kupfuura nemunyika nyika. Chokwadi ndechokuti nyika yainorongwa kubatirira gasi Mapaipi "Nabucco". The chirongwa, akasika pasi auspices kuUnited States yaiva nzira "South Stream". Mushure zvose gakava uye hurukuro, nokuda intransigence of European Commission, chikamu dzekuchamhembe of Union vakanga kwete chete pasina gasi, asi pamwe kujeka tarisiro nokugamuchira nayo nokukurumidza. Basa rose rakanga pasina. We ikozvino tinofanira kutanga nhaurirano muitiro patsva. Napano akasvika echiGiriki musarudzo, uyewo zvichibvira, nenguva. Muna January 2015 nayo akahwina enyika kubatana kwakaita SYRIZA, kuzivisa nyika mbudo kubva EU. Kana kwavo chinangwa kuunza nyaya pamberi, nzvimbo munyika wokumaodzanyemba kweEurope zvakatonyanya kuoma.

Kunyange zvakadaro, basa racho "Mapaipi" South Stream "rakavharwa. Zvino zvose zviri nekambani imwe dzaifanoiswa - mutengi. Paiva chirongwa chitsva. It akasarudza kuzodana "Turkish Stream". Chii chichaitika mune ramangwana naye?