Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich: Biography uye Bibliographie

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich - Soviet Economist uye nyanzvi, mumwe munyori renyaya, uye utopian munyori zvabatwa murimi mudiki upfumi uye pfungwa yetsika upfumi. Ndiye mumiririri yakajeka chizvarwa vakadzidza mutauro wokuRussia kwezana remakore rechi20. Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich, iro riri pasi photo, upenyu hwake hwose chakatsaurwa kuti kudzidza sangano hwokurima. Pfungwa yake haina nevamwe vakuru veSoviet. Zvisinei, kubva kuma1990, masayendisiti kuramba vakatanga kureva mhedziso Chayanov. Ngatiedzei kufunga chii chokuita chakakoshera Kubata murimi mudiki kurima pfungwa.

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich: Biography

Asi zvinoita kuti funga zvakawanwa musayendisiti, kwete kunzwisisa sei asvika kwavari? Saka ngationei kutanga Biography. Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich akazvarwa muna 1888 mumhuri mushambadzi, vaigara muMoscow. Vachikurudzirwa nehama muna 1906 akabatana pashure pokupedza kudzidza kubva kukoreji Kumuka muMoscow Agricultural Institute. Nechekare rokutanga gore kufarira zvesayenzi. Akafarira Mensera. Sezvo chikazozikamwa, yokupedzisira ndiye muvambi wesangano dzidziso shoma utility. Muna 1908 Chayanov akashanyira Italy muna 1909 - Belgium. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kunyange panguva yakadaro muduku akanga pakuzivana nyika idzi semusayendisiti wechokwadi, kwete munhuwo nzvimbo. Mwoyo wokutanga rwendo Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich, Bibliographie iyo ipapo panofanira kuva nhamba mabasa kwete chete zvesayenzi asiwo zvinoyevedza, akagadzira familiarization chirongwa pamwe vatorwa chiitiko sangano zvokurima. Nyaya musayendisiti neramangwana rokutanga chakatsaurwa kuti mushandirapamwe kushanda muItaly. Panguva kurovedza payunivhesiti Chayanov rakabudiswa 18 nyaya yesayenzi. Iye akapiwa nzvimbo iri dhipatimendi okurima dzezvoupfumi, uye akabvuma. Muna 1912 akagamuchira wenyaya Master Chayanov. Akabva akaenda gore pamusoro internship kunze. Panguva ino akanga dulos basa kuParis uye muBerlin. Munguva internship nguva, apedza rinokosha basa rake pakutanga "Essays pamusoro dzidziso basa upfumi."

Relations nezviremera veSoviet

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich, vane zvipo kuti upfumi ndiko kutanga krestyanovedeniya pfungwa aisava theoretician, uye agara vakatsvaka kushandisa ayo Zvakawanikwa uchidzidzira. Aiva nhengo abatsire siyana, nhengo Board of Cooperative Congresses. The candidacy Chayanov vakatokurudzirwa nominated nekuda pambiru Minister of Agriculture, asi iye akabata pambiru chete kwevhiki mbiri. Pakupedzisira co-dzaishandisa taifanira norugare vakuru veSoviet. Kubvira muna 1919 Chayanov unoshanda vanhu Commissariat of Agriculture. Around iyoyo Iyewo akatanga kudzidza mabhuku mabasa. Muna 1922, mutungamiriri Research Institute Chayanov raitongwa pane mumwe musangano zvokurima upfumi. Mugore iroro akaroora uye akaenda parwendo-gore maviri kunze. Muna 1923 bhuku rake guru - ". The kurongwa murimi mudiki upfumi" kutanga kwake ngaakudze Bourgeois muzvinafundo. Muna 1930 Chayanov asungwe. Akange nominated "Labor murimi mudiki Party" mutariri sangano. Public kunzwa pamusoro nyaya haana kutora nzvimbo. Mujeri, musayendisiti anoramba kushanda kwake maonero. Chayanov ipapo kuutapwa Aruma-Ata, kwaakanga anoramba kushanda muna Commissariat of Agriculture. Muna 1937, musi musoro kupomerwa musayendisiti vakatongerwa rufu. Chisarudzo chakanga kutevedzerwa pakarepo, Chayanov aiva nemakore 49 chete okuberekwa.

Kwakatangira pfungwa

The unyanzvi nhaka wendarama krestyanovedeniya zvikuru siyana. Hunosanganisira basa kwete chete kwesayenzi, asi rinoshandawo ounyanzvi. Zvisinei, vose vane dingindira. Works ounyanzvi zvinoratidza zviri nyore kunzwisisa zvesayenzi zvakawanikwa. Chayanov akawedzera imwe munzvimbo dzese agro-zvoupfumi kuitika. Tinogona kusiyanisa zvinotevera nzendo kukura murimi mudiki basa upfumi dzidziso. Pakati pavo:

1. Kuvapo mapurazi mhuri.
2. Creation okurima cooperatives.
3. Kukura rokurima nemauto yose.

Mhuri-basa dzidziso

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich ndiye muvambi yose mirayiridzo. Mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, dambudziko iri landlords 'Estates. Izvi zvakazoita kuti agrarian dambudziko. Stolypin kuti pave nokunamata kwakachena hazvina kushanda, uye kwakawedzera. zvinetso zvisingagadziriswi mune zvokurima nemauto zvinoda chidzoke itsva dzidziso yesangano zvokurima. Chayanov akanzwa mweya nguva. Aiona kuti huru chepfungwa Russian zvoupfumi - domesticity ichi. It chakabata maonero aya Chayanov uye kurovedzwa Institute. Zvechokwadi, pakati vadzidzisi Chayanov dzinounzwa chikuru agrarian nyanzvi, Professor N. N. Hudyakov, AF Fortunatov, DN Prianishnikov.

Sangano murimi mudiki kurima

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich akanga asiri Marxist. Zvisinei, akanga ari munzira dzakawanda dzakafanana maonero "Capital" ari munyori pamusoro pezvakaita vanhuwo zvavo sezvo kodzero vashandi uye vashandirwi. Akakurumbira Russian Economist kwezana remakore rechi20, akanzwisisa kuti inokosha kuchinja. Pamberi, akaisa pachake basa mhuri murimi mudiki. Inobva kudzidza dzimwe ruzivo uye empirical date musayendisiti anokwirira pfungwa pakuronga zano uye pfungwa basa mwero. Ivo rakava musimboti krestyanovedeniya. Maererano Economist, ivo Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kukura rokurima zvebhizimisi inotsamira saizi mhuri.

The chirongwa

Chinangwa basa murimi mudiki mumhuri kusangana zvavo zvavaida. The zvakawanda optimally rakarongwa rokuchenesa, saka kunoitika kune mukuru pamwero. Naizvozvo, kudiwa rokugadzirira urongwa. Kana izvi zvaitwa zvakarurama, dzinovimbisa kutsiga boka uye inonyanya basa kunyatsoshanda. purazi neimwe inofanira kuonekwa sezvo chikamu hurongwa. Saka, zviri zvinoenderana padariro kukura vanhu. Mhuri sezvo sangano vanofanira kushandisa mikana yose ezvinhu aripo. urongwa hwesangano kunobatsira kunzwisisa womukati nemamiriro upfumi, ukama pakati pamatavi siyana rezvemari turnover uye basa mari nokuda zvakasiyana mabasa. Zvinosanganisira:

• Labor nomwero. Zvinoratidza ukama pakati zvokurima uye Fisheries.
• Production nomwero. Zvinoratidza ukama pakati zvipfuwo uye michina.
• Cash nomwero. Iye inechirevo zveminda uye mari.

Specification

Chayanov aidavira kuti kiyi muunganidzwa kwehurongwa hakusi dzakananga kutevedzana pfungwa uye nokushandisa nzira dzekuziva. Pakati pavo:

• Nechemberi mikana basa anofanira kuva mhuri uye ukama hwavo naye ayo yevatengi zvinodiwa.
• Zvakakodzera kufunga gavhuna. Inogona kuva vakaomerwa chikonzero.
• An chokuratidza kukosha ariwo sangano mundima. Kundikana urongwa ane rwakashata zvainoita kunyatsoshanda ari murimi mudiki upfumi.
• Zvakakodzera kufunga peculiarities zvesangano zvebasa. Hako vanofanira kuteerera yokufambisa.

Saka, munyori akakwanisa chokubatanidza zvose zvinobatanidzwa kuronga kukura mhuri duku zvokurima mabhizimisi.

basa pakati nepakati

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich - imwe Economist uyo akakurukura muenzaniso yokuziva kwomuzvarirwo panogumira chero basa sangano. Akati kuti mugumisiro anogara zvakakodzera kuziva maererano chinhu okuwana, iro rinowanikwa zvikuru shoma papi. For kumapurazi mhuri Chayanov kushandisa mukuru zveupfumi Mapato zvakadai akadai rendi, kufarira, mari, mitengo. Anongotaura mapoka maviri zvinhu zviri profitability dzavo: mudzimba uye nenyika zvoupfumi. Aimbova zvinosanganisira vanhu zvinhu uye kusimba chikumbiro chavo.

Kusiyanisa Farms varimi

The okupedzisira nguva okugadzira zvinhu zviri musayendisiti yakawira 1927-1930 gore. Pamwe chete nemamwe nezvoupfumi, akadzidza dambudziko Kusiyanisa miduku yokuruwa. Akaratidza kuti wakasimuka nokuda kusawirirana dzinongoitika uye nyore kuwana kugadzirwa. Chokutanga dzakazova nezvebasa kumatunhu pamwe rakaorera dema, yokupedzisira - chikuru zvengarava. Kugadzirisa kwakaita kuti kuwedzera vaitamira Rwako, unova chikonzero Kusiyanisa. Naizvozvo, stratification munzanga, maererano Chayanov, haana chokuita evanhu urongwa, uye kubviswa pakubhadhara itsva kumapurazi. To ekupedzisira akabatanidza kurima, zvikwereti uye usurious, wezvokutengeserana uye kutsigirwa. Kugadzirisa dambudziko racho musayendisiti zvakafanira kuitisa pamwe collectivization. Iye, achiposa kunofanira kubatsira kumaruwa proletarians kudzoka chinyakare muenzaniso mhuri basa.

Kukosha pfungwa kuti kukura nesayenzi

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich - nyanzvi uye Economist, ane basa Zvinozivikanwa masayendisiti ano vanodzidza kurima hurongwa. Zvisinei, chaizvo nemhaka yepfungwa izvi zvaakatambura. Stalin pachake akatsoropodza dzidziso. Chayanov nokuti pakutanga kuutapwa uye ipapo akaurayiwa makore 49. Zvisinei, pasinei neizvi zvose, dzidziso akaramba kurarama. Muna 1980, vakatanga kuva kuvandudzwa kufarira. Nhasi, vakawanda Agricultural Vezvemari zvichiri kureva izvozvo, uye kuwana achifuridzirwa mairi.

Chayanov Aleksandr Vasilevich Books

The musayendisiti akanyora mabasa mazhinji. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chete panguva kudzidzisa paInstitute, iye rakabudiswa 17 nyaya. basa rake guru anonzi bhuku "Essays pamusoro dzidziso basa upfumi." Muna 1989 zvakanzi yakabudiswa vhoriyamu imwe akasarudzwa mabasa musayendisiti. Pakati yakakurumbira mabasa ounyanzvi Chayanov "Rwendo hanzvadzi yangu Alexei kuti murimi mudiki pakuva". Vamwe vavo dzakabudiswa mushure munyori afa mumakore 1980-2010.