Ludwig Erhard: Biography, mapikicha, mhuri kuchinja. The German chishamiso zvoupfumi Lyudviga Erharda

Ludwig Erhard, vane Biography ichakurukurwa akatevera yaizivikanwa West German yokutungamirira. Muna 1963-66 gg. Akanga Federal chanzera. Kubva 1966 kusvika 1967 aiva sachigaro echiKristu Democratic Union wokutanga.

Ludwig Erhard: Biography

baba vake aiva muKaturike uye mai vake - muPurotesitendi-eevangelical. Secondary dzidzo Lyudvig Erhard akanga muNuremberg uye Fürth. Panguva World Rokutanga, akarwa atirari. Muna 1918, Erhard akakuvadzwa. Nokuda uku akanga nechirwere chinokosha atrophy muruoko rworuboshwe. Pamugumo kushanda manomwe akanzi kukodzera remaoko. Ludwig Erhard nemhuri yake vaiita bhizimisi duku. Zvisinei, zvinokuvadza rava chipinganidzo chikuru kuti kuenderera basa iri boka rababa vake.

zvidzidzo University

In rokuNuremberg Institute of Ludwig Erhard akatanga kudzidza dzezvoupfumi. Akaramba dzidzo yake akanga muFrankfurt University. Kuyeuka mudzidzi, Ludwig Erhard akati vasurukirwe zvikuru iyi. Kwete kuti kukanganwa inzwi rake, akaenda kupaki apo ndichitaura zvinonzwika amene. Kudzidza paYunivhesiti muFrankfurt, Erhard akacherechedza murombo chaizvo pakunaka kwokudzidzisa. Panyaya iyi, akakumbira kuhofisi WeDhipatimendi wacho, paakange zano tinyatsoziva Frantsem Oppengeymerom. Akaenda murume. Kubva nguva vakasangana Ludwig Erhard akafunga kuti Oppenheimer - mumwe yakanakisisa masayendisiti okuGermany akaisa hwaro kusununguka maonero.

nokuzvidzora dzidzo

Nguva pfupi asati kutanga Great Depression Lyudvig Erhard vakatsva kuita kuzvidzora kudzidza. Papera nguva akagadzwa Deputy Director of Institute of Economic Research kudzidza muNuremberg. Muna 1942 kusiyana ne vaNazi vakamumanikidza kuti kusiya tsika. Gore rakatevera, Ludwig Erhard akava musoro muduku tsvakurudzo centre. Rakanga vakasikwa "youmambo boka indasitiri." Huru pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna kukura pakati kwezvoupfumi kunoparirwa, kudiwa rakanga vaifungidzira mushure mokuparara kwehurumende yeNazi.

State basa

Sezvo September 1945, Ludwig Erhard akashanda se gurukota State nokuda Bavarian upfumi hwenyika. Ipapo akagara sezvo mukuru hunokosha dhipatimendi kubata mari uye zvikwereti iri nyati. Muna May 1948, Erhard akava mukuru Department Economic. Kare muna 1946, akatanga kutaura kudiwa kuchinja mune zvoupfumi bhora. Lyudviga Erharda zvokuchinja zvakaziviswa musi June 18-20, 1948. Panyaya iyi, iyo yokutungamirira aiva basa pachavo pamusoro mazvake ari zvoupfumi zvekutepfenyura muGermany. Maererano neAmerican womuenzaniso, panzvimbo Reichsmark akanga chakaunzwa mudanga mari. Panguva imwe chete, Erhard chakagumisa centralized kuronga nehurumende uye Pricing pachinhu dzakawanda zvigadzirwa. Saka emakambani munyika wakaunganidza rusununguko chiito. Pasinei nokutsamwa kurwisa of Social Democrats, Erhard akaramba kutevera norupo nzvimbo waitsigira zvemari pakusimba.

Employment mu hurumende Germany

Pashure paumbwe nyika Erhard akava Gurukota Economy paitonga Konrad Adenauer. Naiyewo akanga mutsivi rokupedzisira yeUnited chanzera nzvimbo. Mushure Hondo Korean chakaitika "chishamiso German." Ludwig Erhard, akapa akaoma ezvinhu dzimwe zvokutengeserana, akamanikidzwa zvinopesana uye illiberal kurambidzwa anoshanda. Mari mbishi zvinhu kupinza nokuda ari maindasitiri muGermany, akakura nevanhu neavhareji 67%. The mitengo nhumbi aivigirwa kubva nyika - 17 chete%. Kuti nechokwadi nokukurumidza zvoupfumi kukura zvaaifanira vabate kumisika vatorwa nokudzinga kubva mamwe vagadziri. Kana hurumende indasitiri panguva iyoyo akaratidza uncompetitive, Kutama kuti chete achiipa ezvinhu zvoupfumi zvekutepfenyura. Ndaifunga hondo itsva yose.

Izvi chamuita kuti tisatya, uye pashure pacho - mutengi mafaro. Zvino kuita pakati chanzera Adenauer uye Minister kuti Economic Development pamusoro penharo. The kunetsana akatora zvakanaka kwazvo scale, mukupfuura yakatetepa kudzora bato. Zvichemo kuti vakaenda Erhard akabvumira kuti vawane nguva. Pashure paizvozvo, Germany yakatanga kushanda hondo pachayo. Yakadzikama upfumi ane inokwanisika mutengo wavo basa musika vakatanga kuzadza nzvimbo vachida zvibereko kugadzirwa pachavo zvinhu. Nokuda mitero yakaderera mu Germany GDP kukura mwero pakati pezana remakore rechi20, yakasvika soro sandara pakati zvose ipapo aivapo dzakabudirira, apo padanho mutengo kunowedzera - rakadzika. Zvichitevera shanduko mune zvoupfumi nemauto ratanga pakuvaka redzimba kuchinja.

Ludwig Erhard: Retirement

Nokufamba basa rayo, yokutungamirira akasiya zvachose kuchinja mamiriro murau, dzakanga dzakakurumbira chaizvo kuMabvazuva uye uchipinda anoshandiswa vamutangira muGermany. Erhard nyika iri zvachose se mamiriro tsika dzokuMadokero, musika upfumi. Muna 1963, Adenauer pamudyandigere. Erhard akava chanzera mutsva Germany. Zvisinei, yakarurama yake, izvo aishanda zvakanaka nguva yakapinza nokusawirirana pasi kavha yakapiwa Adenauer, zvachose kukodzera kuva chinhu chikuru muupenyu hutsva munguva. Muna 1966, pasi kufurirwa vatsigiri vake, akamanikidzwa kusiya. Vashoma mazuva ayo okupedzisira chaizvo Erhard akaramba ari Bundestag, mukuru Mutevedzeri.

nhoroondo basa

Economic chishamiso Lyudviga Erharda akamuita inozivikanwa yokutungamirira munguva yake. Akamanikidzwa kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu umo hurumende chipingaidzo upfumi nemauto aiva zvinopfuura chaivo. Aiziva kuti nguva huru zvaiitwa mugovanisi pfungwa zvakakodzera kushandisa-siyana matanho kuitira munzanga kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu. Zvisinei, chinhu chinokosha muupenyu ndiko kukudziridza pfungwa Lyudviga Erharda, chaiva kuchengetedza mari kugadzikana uye rusununguko upfumi. Mitengo uye centralism vaiva vavengi ayo huru. Erhard aida kuderedza chero kuratidzirwa statism. Panguva iyoyowo, haana kuedza kurwisa simba kurwisa. Akafunga kuti kwaizova kuchenjera akaiisa kurutivi rwayo. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo musimboti nzira, yakazozivikanwa seshanduro evanhu musika upfumi. Pokutanga ikapiwa pamisika mashandiro, asi kwete ruzhinji zvakanaka.

mhedziso

Erhard nguva dzose yakaedza napo kuti zvakazara akatsanangurei yevagari specificity ose zvinhu, raakanga yaiitisa, panzvimbo, sezvo yaiva tsika muzana remakore rechi20, tichiita demagoguery. Akanga akagadzirira kunyengetedza wese Germany kusvikira nguva akadai haana nyadzi kuti haritsigiri kuedza kuti anotungamirira hurumende kuchengetedza nokugadzikana currency. CSU mutungamiri Strauss akayeuka kuti, achangogara zvakaitika pamusika upfumi, muna Erhard akamuka tarenda somukurukuri. Iye anofarira uye hwacho vateereri avo nechido. Erhard akakwanisa abvume, pakarepo ane inozviitira uye akunda chivimbo pamusoro vatsigiri.