Matombo uye zvicherwa

Matombo uye zvicherwa - chinokosha remubatanidzwa zvinhu achiumba goko pasi. mitumbi All hwakasimba zvose uye dzomuchadenga yakafanana mhando paNyika aumba kubva pamatombo. Kazhinji mashoko okuti "dombo" zvakawanda kupfuura shoko "zvicherwa", sezvo aimbova akaumbwa marudzi zvicherwa. matombo ose anogona dzinosiyana unaku nechivako.

Unaku - imwe nzvimbo hama mumwe zvicherwa, kuparadzirwa yavo neimwe kuitira. Somuenzaniso, apo pasina murayiro uyu haasi kuchengetwa, inonzi hombe marongerwo. Vakadya vanochera matongo vanoti vakawana vamwe dzakananga layer zvinoreva kuti iyi nenzvimbo munzvimbo layered urongwa matombo (matombo uye zvicherwa) haina kuvhenganiswa, uye seari pane mumwe.

Zvakasikwa, pane nzvimbo dzakanaka chaizvo zvinoshamisa - nayo mapako pevhu nezviduku. Naizvozvo, avo rouchenjeri inotungamirwa rinowanikwa padombo - voids zvakadaro akasiya magasi asunungurwa kubva panyika. A shale dombo? Zvinoita saizvozvi bande chete nakisisa! bande Izvi zvinogona mavara kana zvicherwa kuva sandara chimiro uye kuwedzera pakuri negwara.

Kupatsanura wamatombo pakutanga kwakavakirwa parameters zvitatu:

1. Primary erudzi - vava igneous.

2. Secondary erudzi - vava sedimentary.

3. Metamorphic matombo - vanogona kuva anonzi dzakachinjwa.
Igneous matombo uye zvicherwa inoumbwa solidification pamusoro magma yaisvika pemvura. Nekuti mumwe nhamba ezvinhu vari dzichichinja tembiricha siyana zvezvakatipoteredza zvinhu vakaumba matombo pamwe zvakasiyana zvivako uye mamiriro. Igneous matombo rakakamurwa effusive uye rakadzika. Ekupedzisira vane simba zvikuru uye guru sekristaro mamiriro. Vamiririri nomukurumbira kupfuura iyi mhando padombo iri basalt uye girenayiti.

Sedimentary mabwe dzakaumbwa vakadhakwa nechitarisiko zvinhu zvakadai tembiricha kuchinja, zvokunze zvakatipoteredza - mvura, chando, rezuva nemwaranzi uye mhepo yakapoteredza magasi. Sedimentary matombo rakakamurwa organogenic, zvemakemikari uye kusazvibata.
Metamorphic matombo uye zvicherwa aumba somugumisiro kuchinja penyika nemamiriro Earth. Izvi zvinoitika panguva kudengenyeka, inochinja enyika nechepasi. Panyaya iyi yakasiyana akaturikidzana vari vakavhengana dzinoita uye mhando - zvose sedimentary uye igneous.
Translated kubva muchiLatin, chicherwa ( "mucheri") rinoreva "mhangura". Murwiyo zvicherwa - ndiyo zvinhu zvemakemikari vari achiumbwa siyana kunzwisisa utano uye nemakemikari kwendangariro. Zvicherwa - vari sezvingatarisirwa kuitika crystalline zvinhu. Asi Maumbirwe sekristaro havasi vose zvicherwa.

Kupatsanura pakati chicherwa mavambo kwakavakirwa yavo inokosha kupesana kupinda nesekondari. The chikuru zvinosanganisira avo kuti dzisingadi panguva crystallization yacho magma. zvicherwa kwakadaro zvinosanganisira naMika, silica nesarufa. Secondary zvicherwa achiumbwa vivo kana chavakaona siyana zvimwewo zvinoitika. Izvi zvinogona kuva precipitate yomunyu mvura mhinduro kuburikidza weathering uye kuparadzwa chepuraimari zvicherwa kana residues siyana anokosha zvipenyu. zvicherwa kwakadaro zvinosanganisira zvakajairika munyu, sylvite uye gypsum.

Maererano makemikari anoumba zvicherwa zvinogona chizvarwa (goridhe, nedhaimani, Platinum, mhangura), sulfide (mhangura mhangura, mekuri mhangura, kutungamirira), halides (potassium munyu uye ibwe), oxides (inoumbwa yokuwana okisijeni: hematite, Goldstone, simbi mhangura) , carbonates (malachite, machena), sulfate (gypsum zvinoreva kwavari), phosphate (apatite), silicate (chrysotile, talc, Mika).