Solar radiation

Nyeredzi yepedyo kusvika kuNyika, sezvainozivikanwa, ndiyo Sun. Inounza magetsi emagetsi ekureba kwakasiyana. Saka, mamwe anowanikwa nenzira yechiedza, vamwe - nenzira yehutambo hwemahara, hutori, hutatu iboka rose remarima asingaoneki kuvanhu (radio waves, ultraviolet, x-ray).

Mafambiro eredhiyo nekanguva kadiki uye chiedza chinenge chichioneka chakanaka kuburikidza nemhepo yepasi. Gamma rays, ultraviolet uye X -rays inobatwa nemhepo inoputika. Pamuganhu wePasi mumhepo, kubwinya kwemazuva emhepo kunoramba kuripo uye zvinokwana 1.35 kW / m2.

Zuva ndiro chete chitubu chechisikiro uye kupisa panyika. Kuparara uye kutungamira mazaya emhepo ndiyo mhando huru yemirasi yemazuva. Misi inopfuura nepakati pezvisikwa zviripo zvemhepo zvinenge zvichidzipisa zvishoma. Dhiyabhorosi yezuva ino inosvika pasi, iyo isina kupararira uye isina kuiswa mumhepo inoputika, inonzi mutsara wakarurama. Kukura kwemazuva ano munharaunda kunobva kune nzvimbo inowanikwa nzvimbo yevhu: kumapuranga kubva kuEquator yenyika kuwedzera kunopera, kuwedzera kunopera, kunyanya nekuwedzera kuwedzerwa uye kuwedzera kuderera mumhepo.

Pamusana pekuti mweya ine zvinyorwa zviduku zvevhu, madonhwe emvura, zvinyorwa zvemunyu, makristasi, mazai ega ega anouya kubva pachiedza, anosangana nezvipingamupinyi izvi, anopera. Miviri yakadaro yezuva inonzi inoparadzirwa. Iko inoshandura anenge 25% yehuwandu hwemhepo inopisa. Pazuva risingasviki, mazaya akapararira akaita 0.07 kW / m2, makore, makore ane makore - 0.5 kW / m2. Nekuderera kwekukwirira kwemhepo, kuwedzera kwegore, kunonoka kwekusvikirwa kwemhepo, chiyero chemasikati aya anowedzera. Sezvo zvidzidzo zvinoratidzira, pakaderera kwemafuro chikamu chemaharasi akapararira akaderera zvakanyanya kudarika mumhepo yakadzika uye yakakwirira. Chiedza chepanyama chakakomberedza musi wezuva rakasvibirira chakanyatsogadziriswa nemirazi iyi.

Dhiyabhorosi yezuva rose inoumbwa nezvose zvakapararira uye zvakajeka mazaya akawira pasi. Kuwanda kwayo kunobva pane zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira nguva yezuva, kusvibiswa kwemafungiro emagetsi uye kumira mumhepo. Nokudaro, munzvimbo dzinotonhorera mumhepo inopisa masikati yakawanda inenge 200 kcal / cm2, asi munzvimbo ye polar inenge 50 kcal / cm2.

Mune chikamu chisina kunyanya kukosha, miviri yezuva inosvibiswa nezvisina kuchena uye mamolekemu emagasi emukati. Panguva imwecheteyo, chiitiko chemazuva ano paNyika chinoputirwa pamwe nepamusoro penzvimbo yenyika, zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoratidzwa, zvichisiya mhepo yakadzoka shure.

Kune kukosha kwekutarisa kuenzana kwemazuva anoonekwa kune chiitiko chealbedo pamusoro penyika. Izvi zvikamu zvinoratidzwa. Inofanira kuonekwa kuti ukuru hwe albedo inobatanidza nzvimbo yakakura uye inobva pane ndima. Nokudaro, nokuda kwemawere uye masango chiratidzo ichi chinenge 13%, uye pamusoro pechando chitsva icho chinokura kusvika 90%. Ikoko kune chikonzero chakanyanya chekuchengetedzeka kweAlbedo yemvura pamusoro penzvimbo yezviitiko zvemahara. Nehutachiona hwezuva pamwe chete nepamusoro-soro kweSuva, kukosha kwechiratidzo ichi kunenge ma4%, uye nekunamata kwakadzika - anenge 100%. Nokuda kwemazuva ano, iyo albedo inenge 8-10%. Ikoko pane zvisingatongotenderi pane kukwirira kwe solstice.

Sezvaunoziva, chiedza chezuva ndicho chitubu chehupenyu pasi pano, zvine hutano hwakananga pamuviri womunhu, hupfumi huripo, hutachiona hwemagetsi, basa rinoshanda rezvirongwa uye nhengo, nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Kukura kwemirairo ye-ultraviolet inosvika kumusoro kunoenderana nekukwirira kwe-solstice. Apo kukwirira kwezuva kunenge kudarika 25%, mihizha yeVV, iyo yakawanda kwazvo inoshandiswa muhupenyu, haina kusvika pasi.