Chii chinonzi quantum mechanics?

Neyomic mechanics tinoreva chimiro chechimiro chekuita kwakasimba kwemaitiro emarambo uye nyaya. Iyi ndiyo nheyo yekufungidzira iyo yemazuva ano mazano eatomic nuclei, maatomu, miviri yemuviri, mamolekemu uye zvinyorwa zvepakutanga zvinogadzirwa. Muzhinji, quantum mechanics yakasikwa nevasayendisiti vakatsvaka kunzwisisa chimiro cheatomu. Kwemakore akawanda, vanozivikanwa vefizikiki vanoongorora zvikamu uye mazano ekugadzirwa kwemakemikari uye vakatevera nguva yezvakaitika zvezviitiko.

Iyi pfungwa, yakafanana nemagetsi, yakazvarwa kwemakore mazhinji. Muna 1911, masayendisiti N. Bohr naEr. Rutherford vakakurudzira muenzaniso we nyukireya weatomu, iyo yakafanana neCopernican model nemhepo yakaronga. Mushure mezvose, denga rezuva rakange rine mukati mavo nhungamiro iyo maitiro acho aifamba. Pamusoro penheyo iyi, kuverenga kwezvinhu zvakasikwa uye chemikemikari yemamwe zvinhu zvakavakwa kubva paatomu nyore zvakatanga.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha munyaya yakadaro sa quantum mechanics ndiyo maitiro emasimba akasunga atomu. Kutenda Mutemo waCoulomb, E. Rutherford akaratidza kuti mutemo uyu unoruramiswa pamwero mukuru. Zvadaro zvakanga zvakafanira kuziva kuti magetsi anoshandiswa sei mumugwagwa wavo. Panguva ino mutemo waNewton wakabatsira .

Ichokwadi, inowanzo magetsi inopesana nemafungiro akadaro sekusaziva. Pamwe nepfungwa yokuti pfungwa yedu inobata uye inoratidza zvinhu zvakadaro zvakadai zvinogona kutorwa kubva pane zvakaitika zuva nezuva. Uyewo, ruzivo rwezuva nezuva runobatanidza chete nezvakaitika zve macrocosm uye zvinhu zvakakura, asi zvinhu zvinyorwa pa subatomic neatomic maitiro zvinoita zvakasiyana zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, mu macrocosm, isu tinokwanisa nyore kugona nzvimbo yechinhu chipi nechibatsiro chekuyera zviridzwa uye nzira. Uye kana tikayera zvibatanidzwa zve electron microparticle, zvino hazvibvumirwi kusaregera kusangana pakati pechinhu chekuyera uye chiyero chekuyera .

Mune mamwe mazwi, tinogona kutaura kuti quantum mechanics inyanzvi yepanyama inosimbisa mitemo yekufamba kwe microparticles dzakasiyana. Kubva kumakorikori emagetsi, anotsanangura kufamba kwe microparticles, quantum mechanics ine zviratidzo zviviri:

- iyo inogona kunge yakawanda yemamwe masimba, somuenzaniso, kukurumidza uye nzvimbo ye microparticle haigoni kunyatsogadziriswa, kungoita chete kwemaitiro avo kunogona kuverengwa;

- kuchinja kwakanyatsonaka muhuwandu hwenyama, somuenzaniso, simba re microparticle rinongova nehumwe hutsika.

Quantum mechanics ichiri kuwirirana nemafungiro akadaro seyantam cryptography , iyo inokurumidza kugadzira teknolojia inogona kuchinja nyika. Quantum cryptography inotarisirwa kuchengetedza kukurukurirana uye ruzivo rwekuvanzika. Ichi chinyorwa chinotarirwa pane zvimwe zviitiko zveyero yemagetsi uye inofunga nezvemaitiro akadaro apo mashoko anogona kuendeswa achishandisa chinhu che quantum mechanics. Iri pano nerubatsiro rwemagetsi, maphotoni uye dzimwe nzira dzenyama kuti nzira yekugamuchira uye kutumira ruzivo yakatemwa. Kutenda ku quantum cryptography, zvinokwanisika kugadzira nekugadzira urongwa hwekukurukurirana hunogona kuona kushambadzira.

Kusvika iye zvino, zvinhu zvizhinji zviripo, apo kuongorora kwemaonero akadaro seanomic mechanics yehutungamiri nehutungamiri, pamwe chete nebasa rekuwandisa kanyori, kunorudzirwa. Kuti uwane ruzivo munyaya iyi yakaoma, zvakakosha kunyatsodzidza nekuongorora munzvimbo iyi. Mushure mezvose, quantum mechanics haisi pfungwa yakajeka, iyo yakadzidzwa uye inoratidzwa nemasayendisiti makuru kune mamwe makore akawanda.