Georgia: Nharaunda nharaunda pasina Abkhazia uye South Ossetia

Mumwe South Caucasus nyika ndiyo Georgia. Nzvimbo munharaunda kuti State nokuti nyaya kwete kamwe achinja. Zvino nyika ino inotongwa hapana nzira iyo zvose aiti ne. Kunyange zvakadaro, muna Directories zhinji humboo chaizvoizvo zvisingadzorwi kumatunhu kuonekwa sezvo Georgia. Ndima Area pasina Abkhazia uye South Ossetia Achiri kunoenderana mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwoiwo. Ngationei kuti chii nzvimbo munyika pasina chinoda izvi uye sei nharaunda yayo aumbwa.

Nhoroondo munharaunda Georgia

Mumwe mukuru anoti Transcaucasia ndiye Georgia. Nzvimbo munyika ino vakashanduka mumazana amakore, uye kunyange zvemakore.

The inoti wokutanga Georgia akaonekwa kare. Yaiva Colchis (kufukidza Sea Black pamhenderekedzo) uye Iberia (nechepakati). Munguva ichangopfuura, hurumende yakaumbwa muna III remakore BC Raiva nechepakati nyika uye aiva musimboti iyo Georgia akaumba mune ramangwana.

The nzvimbo wehurumende uyu anenge hafu Georgian ndima. In akazotevera mabhuku Iberia anotanga kunzi umambo Kartli. In I. BC madzimambo Iberia uye Colchis vanoziva kuvimba kwavo pamusoro Rome. In yokutanga yezana IV remakore BC muna Kartli (Iberia), chiKristu anova chitendero wehurumende.

In emakore akazotevera, nharaunda Georgia akanga zvinobudirira kuva zvikamu kuti simba Byzantium (Colchis) uye Persia (Iberia). Dzimwe nguva kunyange nzvimbo idzi zvachose kwavo rusununguko uye vaiva chikamu yekunwa States. Pakati VII remakore navaArabhu vakurire Persia uye vazhinji Georgia. Zvakakwana kubvisa navaArabhu Georgians akakwanisa chete X remakore.

Asi pashure kusunungurwa kubva evaArabhu Georgia rakanga rakawanda akazvimirira anoti. Sangana navo rimwe simba wakagona vatongi Bagratuni dzinza roumambo, waiva pakutanga mitemo muumambo Tao Klarjeti. Madzimambo youmambo iyi akakwanisa kudzinga navaArabhu kubva Tbilisi uye kuti guta rino sezvo ravo guru. Pashure paizvozvo, zvakabatana pamwechete nharaunda yose vemazuva Georgia, uye kunyange acceded pasi, kwete ano Georgian mamiriro.

The simba mukuru Georgia yakawanikwa pasi naMambo Dhavhidhi Builder uye Queen Tamara (XII-XIII remakore), panguva yaitonga yave nyika inotongwa akabvuma kunyange madzimambo ose Empire pakati Trebizond. Yaiva yendarama zera simba rezvematongerwo enyika uye tsika nemagariro yave ndamboitwa Georgia. Nzvimbo nenharaunda dzaro vakaenda kure kupfuura muganhu pamiganhu vanhasi.

Asi hapana huchavapo nokusingaperi. Mushure Golden Age akatanga Death nemakakatamwa pakati nhengo imba mutongo. Georgian mamiriro simba akazunungusa Mongol nechisimba muna 20-ies zviri XIII remakore. Pakupedzisira, madzimambo vokuGeorgia vaiziva muranda pamusoro eMongolia uye akabvuma kubhadhara mutero. Pakupedzisira makapwanya vakabatana Georgian mamiriro nhevedzano kukunda ose Asian mutongi Central Tamerlane. Nzendo idzi zvakatungamirira wakakwana kuneta pamusoro Georgian zvoupfumi uye ayo disintegration kupinda inoverengeka wezvikamu akazvimirira anoti. Nokufamba kwenguva, vakawanda zvemisoro izvi aifanira kuona muranda hweOttoman Empire kana hwePezhiya Safavid. On kunharaunda Georgia vakaita hondo pakati izvi zviviri monarchies zvikuru. Pakupedzisira, rugare Chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa iri pakati XVI remakore, hugota pakati Kakheti uye Kartli kudunhu yakapiwa Persia, uye Imereti - the kuvaOttoman.

Muzana XVII remakore kuCaucasus kuona itsva simba Hurumende - the Russian Empire. In dzakatevedzana hondo hweOttoman Empire uye Persia nayo asimbisa kudzora yakawanda eCaucasus. Zvichakadai, Kartli uye Kakheti kwavabati vakabatana kuva kusaroora. The mubati yakabatana umambo Kartli-Kakheti Heraclius II anogamuchira muna 1783 kuRussia citizenship. Uye muna 1801, pashure pokufa Georgia unotevera mambo Kartli-Kakheti mamiriro okupedzisira Russian Empire.

Zvino, sezvo chikamu Empire, ano vokuGeorgia mundima yaiva chikamu Tiflis uye Kutaisi enyika, nehasha dzinoenderana mundima Kartli-Kakheti uye Imereti umambo, uyewo nzvimbo yacho Batumi.

Paumbwe Georgian mamiriro panyika ano

Georgia nharaunda, nehasha coinciding yayo ano miganhu, akatanga kuumbwa mushure mokuparara poumambo muna Russian Empire muna 1917. Atova November 1917 Tiflis (Tbilisi ano) ikaunganidzwa Transcaucasian Commissariat, inova mubatanidzwa mapurovhinzi Transcaucasia Government (Georgia, Armenia neAzerbaijan).

Muna April 1918, Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic yakavhurwa pahwaro hwayo. Asi muna May, pasi kufurirwa Turkish hurumende rakakamurwa zvitatu akazvimiririra chinoda, mumwe yaiva Democratic Republic of Georgia. Nzvimbo mundima State anofukidza haangogoni Georgia ano uye Abkhazia uye South Ossetia, uyewo zvikamu Armenia uye Turkey. Zviri pasimba iyi statehood muGeorgia ano.

Zvisinei, akazosvika pfupi. Nechekare muna 1921, ari Bolshevik mauto vakatora Georgia. Pane rakavambwa vokuGeorgia Soviet Socialist Republic pamwe guru iri Tbilisi. Mugore iroro Adjara SSR akaziviswa sezvo nyaya GSPC. Inobva kwemamiriro Union Treaty, kuti Abkhazian SSR ndiyo chikamu Georgia, uye gore gare gare vakaumba mumwe Simba - South Ossetian zvionera Region. Uyewo 1922 vokuGeorgia SSR, Armenian SSR uye Azerbaijan SSR akaumba mumwe mubatanidzwa - TSFSR. Pakapera 1922, chikamu chokupedzisira USSR. Zvisinei, muna 1936 TSFSR akanga emauto akadzingwa mabasa uye zvose chinoda zvitatu vaiva chikamu nokuwadzana ichi, kusanganisira Georgia, ndizvo zvakananga vanotongwa USSR.

Mukupera 80-ies remakore rapfuura, Georgia ndeimwe wokutanga chinoda ndokunanga secession kubva USSR. Izvi yakataurwa Supreme Council of Zimbabwe muna 1989, apo mauto eSoviet vakarambana munhu dziite, wakakumbira Georgia kuti secession kubva Soviet Union. Muna April 1991, Georgia akataura ayo kuparadzana zvachose kubva Soviet Union.

Asi zvionera ndima vokuGeorgia SSR - Abkhaz ASSR uye South Ossetian zvionera District, aida kuramba ari pakati USSR. Izvi zvakaita kuti kunetsana pakati Georgia uye muchiuto kuti chinoda izvi. War aigona kumiswa chete muna 1993, kubudikidza Mediation yeRussia uye nekutumirwa kwemauto kuti anochengetedza runyararo contingent. Kutaura zvazviri, South Ossetia uye Abkhazia vakava akazvimiririra inoti, kunyange zviri pamutemo chokwadi ichi haina kuzivikanwa chero nyika munyika. Georgia akaramba kuverenga mashoko nokuti ndima yayo.

The ano Danho

Muna 2008, hondo itsva zvombo kwakatanga pakati Georgia rumwe rutivi, uye Abkhazia uye South Ossetia, uye Russia - panorumwe. Maererano migumisiro makakatanwa, Georgia zvachose akarasikirwa kudzora South Ossetia uye Abkhazia, unova mukuru wehurumende anozivikanwa Russia.

Vakagadzirira iri nharaunda yeGeorgia zvakadaro chimiro sezvazvakanyorwa iripo zvino, rakachengetedzwa kwapera. Ndokusaka nhasi inocherechedzwa paunoronga pakuverenga nzvimbo Georgia pasina Abkhazia uye South Ossetia.

Nzvimbo munharaunda Georgia

Zvino yava nguva asi kuziva chii nharaunda Georgia mu pachivara mamita. ? km pasina Abkhazia uye South Ossetia. Saka, uzive mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu.

The zvachose nzvimbo Georgia vose nzvimbo iyo sezvarinotaura iri 69,7 thous. Km ^2. Maererano paakati ichi nyika inoremekedzwa yacho 119th nzvimbo munyika. Asi isu tiri anonyanya kufarira munharaunda Georgia munzvimbo inoungana mamita. ? km. pasina South Ossetia uye Abkhazia.

Kwakapiwa kuti munharaunda Abkhazia ndiyo 8.6 zviuru km ^2, uye nharaunda South Ossetia - .. 3.9 zviuru km ^2, zviri nyore kuti kuverenga zvachose nzvimbo yavo - 12,5 zviuru km ^{2 ..} Saka, Georgia nharaunda pasina mashoko kumatunhu 57,2 zviuru. ^Km2. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo 122 ndipo pakati pamarudzi ose enyika.

uwandu hwevanhu

Takawana Georgia riri nzvimbo ipi saizi. Nzvimbo yacho, vagari venyika dziri nyika - zviri dyidzana chaizvo parameters. Naizvozvo, kuti mufananidzo wakakwana, tinodzidza wandei vanogara munyika Transcaucasian nyika ino.

Parizvino inogarwa neHurumende 3729,5 zviuru. Residents. Zana nzvimbo ramakumi matatu ari chakarurama ichi anopindura pakati dzimwe nyika nyika, Georgia. Area uye Vagari ari Transcaucasian inoti vakapiwa pasina chokuita Abkhazia uye South Ossetia.

arambe achirema zvokuwedzera

Kuziva zviratidzo izvi munyika vemo uye munyika nharaunda, zviri nyore kuti kuverenga, uye arambe achirema pakati vanhu rokuGeorgia. Panguva iyoyo vanhu 68. 1 ba. ? km.

Enzanisa mashoko arambe achirema zvokuwedzera ari dzakavakidzana Azerbaijan uye Armenia vari ukuwo, 111 101,5 vanhu / ba. M. ? km. Saka, mwero kuGeorgia idukusa kuti nyika dzakavakidzana.

Murwiyo vokuparidzira

Zvino ngatitarise panguva kwemarudzi uye zvitendero Zvinoumba VOKUPARIDZIRA vanogara munharaunda Georgia, kureva vanhu achitora imwe nzvimbo munyika.

Ko kwemadzinza Georgians. Idzowo 83,4% of zvachose vanhu Georgia dzakakudzingai Abkhazia uye South Ossetia. Iyi inechirevo rive nyika ine chinokosha predominance imwe nyika. nzvimbo yechipiri pamusoro nhamba vakagaramo Azerbaijanis - 6.7%, achiteverwa Armenian - 5.7%. Asi Russian ratova lagging kwenhamba dzemadzinza pamusoro apa. mugove wavo 1.9 chete%. Ossetians munyika inenge 1%.

All mamwe madzinza vagere Georgia, asingasviki 1% of zvachose kwevanhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira Yezidis (Kurds), Ukrainians, vaGiriki, Chechens, vaAvar, Kistinians, Abkhaz, vaAsiriya uye mamwe marudzi.

Ruzhinji Georgians vanozviti chiKristu Orthodox - 83,4%. Wandei zvakare vaMuslim, kunyanya Adjara - 10.7%. Zvimwewo Zvitendero zvinofanira govera nyika vomuchechi of Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, vaPurotesitendi, Yezidis, Zvapupu zvaJehovha, vaJudha.

administrative kupesana

Zvino ngationei chii miganhu dzakabatana yakakamurwa Georgia ano. mamiriro ichi chaizvoizvo inoumbwa 9 micheto (mhare), mumwe zvionera zvokuvhoterwa (Adjara) uye rimwe guta renyika kukosha (Tbilisi). Uyezve, zviri pamutemo chikamu Georgia achitevedza mitemo yayo, kuti AP inosanganisira Abkhazia, asi chaizvoizvo nharaunda yeGeorgia asingadi kudzora.

List of pfumbamwe micheto sezvinotevera: Samtskhe-Javakheti, Racha-Lechkhumi uye Lower Svaneti, Imereti, Guria, Samegrelo-Upper Svaneti, Kakheti, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Shida Kartli, Kvemo Kartli.

Uyezve, mashoko administrative vamapoka wakakwirira kurongeka (micheto uye zvionera chinoda), vari rakakamurwa administrative vamapoka akaderera kuti (makanzuru uye maguta Republican (romunharaunda) ukoshi). Panguva iyoyo, mashoko mutemo kuGeorgia vakanochengeta pamberi 67 makanzuru uye maguta gumi pakati remunharaunda kukosha. Asi chokwadi kutongwa Georgia ndiyo makanzuru 59 chete uye 11 shoma yawo.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti administrative masangano, izvo zvino vachinzi makanzuru, makadanirwa, sapamazuva Soviet Union, nzvimbo kusvikira 2006.

Nzvimbo munhu kumatunhu Georgia

Zvino ngationei kuti nharaunda iri ndakabatikana vaeni nzvimbo, izvo zviri chikamu voruzhinji dzidzo sezvo Georgia. Nharaunda zvionera Republic of Adjara, neguta rayo guru muna Batumi, riri munzvimbo zvakanyanyisa kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero Georgia, ndiyo 2,9 zviuru. Km ^2.

Kumucheto Samegrelo-Upper Svaneti iri kuchamhembe-dzokumadokero chikamu Georgia, riri pamuganhu Abkhazia pamusoro munharaunda 7.4 zviuru. Km ^2. The guta chikuru nedunhu Zugdidi.

Muzinda ndiro guta unopinza Guria Ozurgeti. Ichi chikwata miganhu ine nzvimbo 2.0 zviuru. Km ² uye riri zasi-kumadokero kwenyika.

Kumucheto Racha-Lechkhumi uye Lower Svaneti iri kuchamhembe munyika iri munharaunda 4,6 zviuru. Km ^2. The huru muguta pane guta Ambrolauri.

Edge, ane zita rinoenderana zita umambo wekare Imereti, ine nzvimbo 6.6 zviuru. Km ² uye riri nechepakati chikamu Georgia pamwe iya kumavirira. Muzinda nharaunda, guta Kutaisi.

Streek kunzwisisa rinonzi Samtskhe-Javakheti ane nzvimbo akaenzana 6.4 thous. Km ^2. Zvayaiva pamahombekombe rwezasi nyika. Taundi chikuru Akhaltsikhe pano.

Edge Shida Kartli ane nzvimbo 4.8 zviuru. ^Km2. Guta huru munzvimbo - Gori. Zviri nharaunda iri kuchamhembe-nechepakati Georgia riri pamuganhu South Ossetia. Pasi mitemo Georgia, inenge hafu mundima nharaunda rinongova rwezasi Ossetian nyika, uye vazhinji South Ossetia ndiyo chikamu chiri pamucheto Shida Kartli. Asi kuverenga kwenzvimbo mudunhu rino, takazvitora nezvokuti chete munharaunda iri chaizvoizvo inotongwa vokuGeorgia nezviremera.

The nharaunda pamwe wokufananidzira zita Mtskheta-Mtianeti ndima kukura 6.8 zviuru. Km ^2, riri kuchamhembe-mabvazuva Georgia, asi chaizvoizvo anodzora 5.8 thous. Km ^2, sezvo ari Mamwe munharaunda South Ossetia. Taundi chikuru mudunhu - Mtskheta.

Edge Kvemo Kartli iri kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva Georgia. It Ane nzvimbo akaenzana 6,5 zviuru. ^Km2. Muzinda - Rustavi.

Kakheti Region iri rinonyanya kumabvazuva kwenyika yacho. Ane saizi akaenzana 11,3 thous. Km ^2. Muzinda ndiro guta Telavi pano.

Guta National kukosha Tbilisi anewo kunharaunda yayo. Iye, chokwadi, zviduku zvikuru nzvimbo micheto uye ndiyo chete 720 km ^2. Uwandu vanogara muguta guru Georgia ndiyo mamiriyoni 1,1. People. The guta iri nechepakati chikamu mamiriro ane zvaizopedza kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva.

Saka, sezvinoonekwa pamusoro kupfuura nzvimbo dziri pamucheto kumatunhu Georgia Kahetija (11.3 zviuru. Km ²⁾ uye yokumusoro-mupendero Samegrelo Svanetiya (7.4 fung. ² km). Ruduku nharaunda kumatunhu Georgia, pasina pamusoro kuguta Tbilisi State tsika Guria Region (2.0 thous. Km ²⁾ uye Adjara zvionera Republic (2,9 thous. Km ^2).

The kunopindirana mhedziso

Tinoziva chii nharaunda Georgia muna zviuru. Km2. Pakusarudza chakarurama ichi kuziva chimwe chinokosha chaizvo chinhu. Kune nzvimbo dziri rwakaiswa Tbilisi hurumende yechiGeorgian, asi kuti yorega kudzora Georgia. The nzvimbo munyika, ukuwo, mu vokuGeorgia zvinyorwa akanyanya kukwirira kana tichienzanisa chaiko mamiriro ezvinhu.

Saka, takaona kuti panguva nzvimbo yacho, pasina pamusoro chaizvoizvo chin'a South Ossetia uye Abkhazia, ndiyo 57,2 zviuru. Km ^2.