Ndeipi nzvimbo chikabviswa? Geographical zvinhu: mazita

Ndeipi nzvimbo chikabviswa? tinogona funga wakasununguka-yakamira gomo zvakadaro, gungwa chengarava kana guta guru? A kondinendi yose? Ngatiedzei kukurira nyaya ino munyaya ino.

Ndeipi nzvimbo chikabviswa: tsananguro uye mienzaniso

Jogirafi - sayenzi kuti zveBhaibheri pamusoro paNyika nezvose mairi. A zvinhu zvakawanda yaiva imomo; nzizi uye madhamu, makomo uye gungwa, neminda uye matombo canyons, maguta nemisha duku ... Zviri izvi zvinhu uye kupa dzakasiyana hwakajeka chiso redu.

Saka, chii chiri nenzvimbo sangano? Izvi ariko chaizvo uye achiri kugadzikana maatomu akafanana pepasi. tsaukana zvinhu zvose zvakasiyana kuvimbika, kwaanogara uye vane dzavo nemiganhu. Saka Genesisi yavo (mavambo) inogona zvakasiyana-siyana.

Science jogirafi, kudzidza zvinhu izvi zvose, pakutanga kwezvose, anosungirwa kupindura mibvunzo miviri mikuru;

• Uripiko chinhu?
• Sei somunhu?

Mufananidzo nzvimbo chinhu kunokosha chaizvo. Vamwe vavo akaiumba wakajeka chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, apo aireva Roman yeColosseum, kana akakurumbira muEgipita mapiramidhi mumusoro wangu kamwe pane "mufananidzo" runoenzanirana.

Dzakasiyana-siyana nenzvimbo zvinhu

Pahwaro mavambo, zvose zvinhu enzvimbo inogona rakakamurwa mapoka makuru maviri:

1. Natural (makungwa, nyanza, gomo neeSultan, nyanza, nomumapako, masango, matombo, namatsime, etc.).
2. Man-yakaitwa kana nevanhu (nyika, maguta, mumisha, mafekitari, dzemamongi, mumapaki, zviteshi, njanji dzemapurisa, etc.).

Chero nenzvimbo chinhu akaita nokungwarira uye zvinotsanangurwa zvizere, kuona kwayo maitiro ehupfumi, uyewo kuti kuyera parameters ayo. Somuenzaniso, kuti kuona nenhongonya yavo yakakwirira, nokuti nzizi - kureba dzendege - mutakurwi, etc.

Ndeipi nzvimbo chikabviswa? Unogona kupa mumwe rondedzero - nyore, asi yakarurama zvakakwana. Geographic zvinhu - zviri chinhu kuti rinogona kurondedzerwa pamepu uye zvirongwa yacho. Izvi zvingaitwa sei?

Geographic zviri pamepu

Various zvinhu pamepu uye urongwa vari huchiratidzwa kushandisa chaiwo zviratidzo. gadziriro iyi zvikuru yakagadzirwa hwakajeka zviratidzo uye zvitarisiko, izvo anobvumira kupa Qualitative uye quantitative maitiro mamwe zvinhu kana zvakavapo.

cartographic zviratidzo zvose zviri rakakamurwa nezvemarudzi zvina:

• chikero kana areal (contours makungwa, masango, minda nezvimwe.);
• scaleless kana pfungwa (simba anosima, chicherwa manyuko, vakirisito netemberi, etc.);
• Linear (nzizi, nehova, migwagwa, muganhu nzvimbo, etc.);
• rinotsanangura (siyana kutukana uye kusanganiswa zvinyorwa).

Relief map chinoreva munhu gandiwa pamwe - dzakaonda shava mitsetse unobatanidza pfungwa pamwe chete kureba pepasi. Miseve anokosha vatambi kufamba anoratidza zvakasiyana-siyana dzinongoitika kana socio-zvemari mananara, akadai kutungamirirwa mugungwa zvifambiso.

Mazita nenzvimbo zvinhu

Mumwe chinhu chakadai ane "zita." Ayo Uye, sezvo mutemo, hazvina chero. mazita Geographical Kazhinji chokuita ayo features, nzvimbo kana nhoroondo.

The kudzidza mavambo, zvinoreva uye kukura (change) mazita nenzvimbo yave yoga sayenzi - mazita nzvimbo. Ichi kurangwa nesayenzi panguva mharadzano kuti nzvimbo, nhoroondo uye zvemutauro. Zita kwakarurama nzvimbo chinhu kunokosha zvikuru kuti cartographers.

Kune mhando dzakawanda mazita nenzvimbo: hydronyms (mazita nzizi uye madziva), nzvimbo mazita (mazita nemisha), oronyms (zita landforms), godonimy (mazita mumigwagwa), etc.