Mumwe mukadzi wechiSamamura muJapan. Anonyanya kuzive-bugeysya

MuSamamura mukadzi - zvinogoneka here? Munyika yeJapan, kwete vamiririri vehutano hwakasimba vanogona kuwana unyanzvi mune zvombo. Nhoroondo inoratidza kuti kunyange munyika ino yakachengetedza pane vakadzi vakawanda vasina kubvumirana nevarume mune zvose zvakashata zvehondo. Chii chinozivikanwa pamusoro pevakadzi vakadaro?

Chii chinonyatsozivikanwa pamusoro peatna bugaine

Chokutanga pane zvose, inofanira kurehwa kuti izwi rokuti "samurai" harina kushandiswa kune vamiririri vevakadzi vasina simba. Varume chete ndivo vaiva nekodzero yekudanwa samurai. Kuumbwa kweshoko iri kunosanganisira vanhu vaviri: "shumira" uye "murwi". Onna-bugaysya mukushandura kubva mumutauro wechiJapane zvinoreva "murume wezvigaro zvehondo". Nokudaro vakadanwa vakadzi vaive veboka ravana samurai, vakadzidza kugadzirisa marudzi akasiyana ezvombo.

Onna-bugeysya - mukadzi asingaiti chete zvombo, asiwo anobatanidzwa muhondo pamusana pebonde rakasimba. Uyewo, mukadzi akadaro anogona kutsiva kune vavengi vakauraya tenzi, uyo akamutuka. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti vamiririri vekurara pabonde muJapan vaizivikanwa nekuda kwekuzvipira kwavo, kazhinji kudarika mune varume ava.

Vakadzi vakakurumbira

Izvo zviri pamusoro zvinoudzwa kuti mukadzi wechiSamamura haasi nhau yakanaka pane dzose. Ndezvipi varwi vaive vekirasi ravana vechikoro vakakwanisa kusiya chiratidzo munhoroondo? Chokutanga pane zvose, tinofanira kuyeuka mukadzi uyo ainzi Hangaku Godzen, uyo aigara kumagumo eHeian nguva, iyo yakabva 794 kusvika 1185. Uyu mukadzi asingatyi akatora chikamu muhondo nehondo ye-10 000-yakasimba yeimba yaHojo iyo yakarwisana kurutivi rweMinamoto Shogun. Pasi peutungamiri varo pane mauto mazana matatu. Hondo yakarasika, asi Hangaku, akakuvadzwa, akakwanisa kupona. Akazoroora uye akazova nemwana.

Hodze Masako mumwe mukadzi akakurumbira samurai mukadzi, akazvarwa muna 1156 muJapan. Mushure mekufa kwaShogun Minamoto asi Jerimoto, uyo aiva murume wake, mukadzi uyu asingatyi akatora nyika dzaiva kwaari, vanakomana vake vaingova vatongi chete. Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare kuti yaipfeka zita rezita rokuti "nun-shogun" uye rakapa simba reimba yeHojo.

Zvechokwadi, kwaiva nevamwe vaikwanisa samurai vakadzi muJapan. Somuenzaniso, haukwanisi kukanganwa pamusoro paNakano Takeshko, uyo akaberekwa muna 1847. Uyu murwi akashinga aiva pakati pevaya vaidzivirira imba yeAizu mushure mokunge tokugawa shogunate yawa. Nhamo, akafira muhondo iyi, asi kuyeuka kwake kwakapona.

Chii chinozivikanwa pamusoro pebhuku-kwete-onna

Zvechokwadi, vakadzi vakarwa pamwe nehutano hwakasimba vakanga vachiri kunze kwekutonga. Kazhinji kazhinji zvaikwanisika kusangana nebhuku-on-on. Vakadzi vakadaro vakanga vasingadi kubatanidzwa muhondo. Vane ruzivo rwekuvhara uye ruoko-kuru-ruoko kurwisana munzvimbo yekutanga kuitira kuchengetedza mhuri dzavo kana zvichidiwa, uye kudzidzisa vana.

Zvaifungidzirwa kuti kubva mubhuku-on-on unofanira kuteerera mumwe wake, kumushumira asingatauriki. Uyewo vanofanira kuregererwa nehutera, hunowanzoitirwa zvepabonde rakanaka, kuratidza simba remweya mumamiriro ese ezvinhu. Pakanga pane vakadzi vakadaro uye kodzero yekuzvitsivira, kana mumwe munhu akauraya mhuri dzemhuri yavo, yakakonzera kunyadziswa kukuru.

Weapons

Ndeipi yombo yakashandiswa nemusikana samurai mukadzi aigona kubata? Somuenzaniso, kwaiva naginata - mutauro wekuJapan wekushisa, iyo zita rake rinoshandura se "simba refu". Iko yaida kuti iye uye ane unyanzvi hwekuwana tanto - iyo inonzi inonzi sagai samurai, iyo zita rechiJapan rinoreva "munondo mupfupi." Uyewo, varwi vakarwa nerubatsiro rwemambo uye maketani, mapfumo aiva.

Tsika dzakarairwa kuti dzibate pfumo munzvimbo inokosha, iyo yakanga iri pamusoro pesuo remukova. Izvi zvakavimbisa kuti mukadzi wacho achava nenguva yekumubata kuti azvidzivirire ivo nevana pamusana pokurwiswa kamwe kamwe kwemuvengi, chiitiko chevaenzi vasina kugamuchirwa. Vadzimai vacho vaishandiswawo nehombodo shoma, iyo yainzi kaiken. Nechimbo ichi vakadzi vechiJapan vaiita sevasina kuparadzana, vaiipfeka pachiuno kana mune sleeve. Iyo nyoka yakandibvumira kuti ndakuvadza nokukurumidza kana kuuraya muvengi mukurwisana kwakapoteredza, uye iye akakandwawo nechisimba chinoshamisa. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti musikana-musikana wemupa wakapiwa pazuva raakakura. Izvi zvakaitika paaiva nemakore gumi nemaviri.

Kuzviuraya

Vakadzi vechiJapane vaiita tsika yekuzviuraya, sezvakanga zvakaita tsika dzevarume vechiSamamura? Hungu, tsika iyi yainzi jigai, yakanga yakawanda. Vakadzi vacho havana kuguma pamwe chete navo nenzira imwecheteyo sevamiririri vehutano hwakasimba hwakaita. Havana kubvarura dumbu ravo, vachida kucheka huro dzavo.

Iyi tsika inofanira kunge yakaitwa maererano nemitemo yose. Mumwe wavo anorayira kuti vakadzi vakasarudza kusiya upenyu hwavo, vakasunga zviuno zvavo mberi. Izvi zvakaitwa kuitira kuti ave nechitarisiko chakanaka mushure mekufa. Kazhinji pane zvisiri izvo, vakadzi vechiJapan vakasarudza kuzviuraya apo paiva nekutyisidzira kwekuve mumaoko emavengi. Uye vaigara vachiuraya kwete ivo voga, asiwo hama dzavo dzisina simba, kusanganisira vana vavo.

Dambudziko

Mumwe mukadzi wechiSamamura chinhu chinowanzoitika kwezana remakore rechi11 ne17. Pakutanga kwemitemo yezana remakore rechi13 rakagamuchirwa, maererano nevamiririri vevakadzi vasina simba vakange vane kodzero imwechete kune nhaka yemadzibaba sehama dzavo. Uyezve, vakadzi vacho vakabvumirwa kusiya chido, varasa zvinhu zvavo.

Dambudziko rakauya muzana remakore rechi17, apo mafungiro evarwikadzi ehondo akawedzera zvikuru. Vamwe vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanoti izvi zvinopararira kupararira kwemafashoni evarume vanoita zvepabonde mumasamariya. Zvisinei, varwi vakashinga vakapfuurira kushamisa nyika nemabasa avo, vachiramba kuti vakashandiswa sepawns mumisika yemukati.

Somuenzaniso, vazhinji vakadzi vakapinda muhondo yehurumende yeBosin, iyo yakaitika muzana ramakore rechi19. Vamwe vavo vakatoenda pasi munhoroondo.

Munyika

Nhamo inoshamisa yevarume vechiJapan vakadzi varwi havaiti zororo kune vanyori vemazuva ano uye vatungamiri, vanowanzonyorwa mabhuku nemamato emitambo. Somuenzaniso, mumutambo weterevhizheni "Kenkaku Sebay" kunyanya kunobhadharwa kune imwe yakakurumbira onna-bugeysya - Sasaki Mifuyu.