Museum nomoto kudzivirira mumaguta Russian. Nhoroondo moto kudzivirira

Pakati njodzi dzose kupinda kutambura Rus, moto vakawanda kakawanda, sezvo kwemazana emakore zvinhu Dzinovaka umo dzakavakwa dzomumaguta uye kumaruwa kuvakwa uyezve anga huni. Nokuti chivi kuvanhu chikonzero kuuya pasi kupfuura ivo, kana akaonekwa ari kutarisira mumwe munhu, asi aifanira kurwa navo nguva dzose, uye saka nhoroondo moto chinodzivirira vasingasiyani kubva munhoroondo nyika yedu.

Museum, ndichizivisa pakurwisa moto

About kuti, munzira ipi yakanga kukura dzebhizimisi moto kuRussia, vakaudza nezvemidzimu yose nyika mamiziyamu omoto kudzivirirwa. The pakukura vavo, makasimbiswa muna 1957, riri muMoscow Durov mumugwagwa. In dzimba dzose miziyamu rine Exhibits kuti recreate nhoroondo moto kurwa kubvira panguva Ivan vanotyisa kusvikira nhasi.

No zvishoma kunakidza ndiye Fire Service Museum muSt Petersburg, riri pana Bolshoy Tariro Võ, d. 73. Pasinei ndechokuti Kuongorora nhoroondo bhizimisi moto Anofukidza nguva kutanga mashoma ichangopfuura nguva ─ nenguva Peter I ekisiposha wayo zvikuru uye ane vanoverengeka nemamwe Exhibits. Uyezve, moto bhurigedhi miziyamu yakatangwa Samara, Yekaterinburg, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo uye Krasnodar. Mumwe nomumwe wavo rine zvinhu kufukidza kukura kwete chete veko basa moto, asiwo kurwisa moto kuRussia.

Kazhinji, ungano moto kudzivirira mumamiziyamu muMoscow, St. Petersburg uye mamwe maguta munyika uye nhoroondo yamabhuku mari kuzobvumira recreate mufananidzo sei vokuRussia kubva makarekare vakaedza kudzivisa tichivashanyira vanopinda moto njodzi.

Changamire mitemo zvainanga kurwa moto

Nhoroondo moto dziviriro, iro akawana kuratidzwa kwayo mune hwakawanda huripo zvakachengetedzwa magwaro, anobvawo zvinoverengeka mitemo nekanzuru Grand Duke of Moscow, Ivan III ─ sekuru Ivana Groznogo, pashure anotyisa moto chakaparadza guru muna 1472.

In izvi kwaizotevera nemirau, ona chiedza munguva iri Romanovs, vakaraira akarayira mumaguta (uye kunyanya guru) kuvaka kure sezvinobvira ibwe nezvivakwa uye kuvaka navo yakachengeteka mune moto ukama kure nomumwe.

Uyezve, rinoti rine zvimwe matanho zvainanga kudzivisa moto. Panyaya vapari vemhosva chemhando nezvakatongwa, uye kunyanya vaya vakanga mhosva moto, envisaged wakakura zvikuru marangirwo.

Asi sei asina varohwa kuti vagari nzvimbo, zvinopesana Imperial chirevo akamboda kubika zvokudya pamba panguva inopisa mwedzi zhizha moto panzvimbo, uye nokusingaperi Russian "pamwe" nguva dzose kuikunda inokosha mitemo moto vakachengeteka. Somugumisiro, moto njodzi dzimwe nguva akatora zvokuti inotyisa zvikuru kuti akaparadza maguta ose.

Zvinotyisa moto apfuura emakore

Zvakakwana kutaura mashomanana zviitiko kuti audze kumutangidzira vanenge vose mamiziyamu izvi moto dziviriro ─ kwakadaro migumisiro vakanga muupenyu ehurumende. Chokutanga, kwaiva moto muna 1212 kuti kuparadzwa mukati chete mamwe maawa mashoma 4300 mamita ose Veliky Novgorod. vanobatwa ake vainge chiuru vagari.

Muna 1354, moto achivharwa Moscow kwemaawa maviri dzikava inopfungaira madota kwete Kremlin asiwo akaripoteredza namafuro. Zvakafanana ngozi chaiva guru uye moto, iyo yakaitika muna 1547. Ipapo moto wake vakauraya zviuru zvakawanda vagari Choumambo First.

Kuberekwa Russian basa moto

Mhinduro chinetso wakabvunzwa nemafungu okunze, yave pakusikwa anokosha moto brigades muRussia. Vakanga kutanga yakasimbiswa pachishandiswa gwaro yakatanga muna 1649 pamwe kutora chikamu chevaux Alexei Mikhailovich, uye rakanzi "Mirayiridzo iri guta deanery." Under zvokudya zvayo, maguta ose makuru munyika vane nounyanzvi moto brigades, ane nhengo vakabhadharwa wakaiswa mari.

The chete chirevo akarayira vashandi nomoto brigades, kuwedzera kuitisa-awa mana basa, kuti chokudzivirira nechiyero detours mukati nenharaunda dzavo uye kuziva zvinobvira Vanotyora mutemo mitemo kubata moto. Uyezve, chevaux Alexei Mikhailovich haashandirwi uye kusikwa zvinoreva kurwisa moto uye akarayira kushandisa iyi chinangwa vodopolivnye chubhu vakava kumumvuri kuti hoses vanhasi.

Danho idzva kukura National basa moto

Makore Peter I rokutonga vaiva munguva apo sangano nomoto kudzivirirwa yamuka kuvandudza. Zvikurukuru, rakachengetedzwa upgraded moto-vachirwa zvokushandisa, mienzaniso yakawanda iyo mambo zvikuru yakatengwa kunze. Pamusana kwaari, kurasa vemoto Russian vaiva pombi vokutanga, wakakwana reganda maoko uye mhangura mvura cannons.

Panguva iyoyo panguva Admiralty St. Petersburg, Russia wokutanga moto wedhipatimendi yakatangwa. MuMoscow, nguva dzose basa moto akazviratidza nekaupenyu kunonoka. Chirevo chacho zvisikwa yakanga wakabudiswa Alexander I muna 1804 chete.

Fire Kudzivirirwa ari XIX remakore

Mangwana mambo, Nicholas I, uyo akakwira choumambo muna 1825, akaita nechokwadi kuti nguva dzose basa moto akarega kuva mugove St. Petersburg uye Moscow. Kana anenge zvose nzvimbo huru munyika akazviratidza kurwisa moto dhipatimendi.

An chinokosha ose moto chiteshi, Nharireyomurindi, kakawanda kacho, akava chirefu kupfuura kuvaka guta, izvo zvaiita kuti vachengete yakapoteredza misha yose. Kana moto pairi akamutsa chaiyo mureza uye chiratidzo balls, uwandu rakanga Proportional kuti kukura kunobva moto zvakananga.

It kwakavandudzika zvikuru panguva uye moto-achirwa michina. Vazhinji ake ivhu chepakutanga anogona kuonekwa Moscow Museum remoto unodzivirira, uyewo kuratidzira zvimwe zvivako zvakafanana. Muzana XIX remakore ngaakushongedzei moto madhipatimendi pamwe zvakafanira midziyo akwanise nokuda kwoUmambo muMoscow uye St. Petersburg makambani kuronga kugadzirwa kwete chete moto pombi uye hoses kwavari, asi zvose kufanana midziyo: rinopeta Manera, gaffs uye unodzivirira michina inodiwa kuti moto-vanodzima.

Old moto nengowani rakapa panguva XIX uye mangwanani XX remakore, muri chinokosha chokufunga zvinenge mamiziyamu dzose nyaya dzakafanana. An chinokosha exposures yavo zvakare Snap kuti wakapinda kushandiswa panongovira moto chiteshi yaishandiswa motokari, izvo kwakatsiva yaidhonzwa.

Fire-kurwa zviyero rakatorwa Bolsheviks

In St. Petersburg Museum remoto kudzivirira nzvimbo chaiyo inopiwa nesangano nomoto kurwa mumakore mushure chimurenga. Pane dzinoturwa magwaro yepakutanga, ndichizivisa hwagadzwa muna April 1918, Commissariat kuchengeteka uye moto kurwa. Akava musoro wayo wokutanga M. T. Elizarov.

Pamusana ake kuita nyika yakanga kukurumidza akamisa chaizvo samambure moto pazviteshi, vakagadzirira pamwe azvino kwemashoko nguva. Gore rakatevera, Hurumende mamwe matanho kusimbisa moto brigades akatorwa. Order Vanhu vaJehovha Commissars yacho NKVD mamiriro, sangano simba kupfuura munguva akasimbisa Central Division, akatungamirira basa moto mabasa munyika.

Nhoroondo moto kurwa muSoviet nguva

Muna 1924 iri Leningrad akavhura moto pakoreji, iyo akatanga kusikwa vashandi hwaro pamusoro izvo akaumbwa munyika moto kudzora wemuTesitamende ramangwana. Nzvimbo inokosha mariri achiitei zvivako vakasikwa gare gare vanotanga Vechiduku Communist League uye siyana wesangano rinomirira masangano. The kupfuura ihwai chaiva chokuzvidira moto brigades, ane mapazi nokukurumidza kukaonekwa zvose pamusoro nyika.

Umhare peji akatanga muHondo Yenyika II munhoroondo moto webasa, umo mauto ayo kunge nechemberi pakurwisa moto. Zvinozivikanwa kuti chete imwe Leningrad, vanopfuura 2 zviuru. Of kwavari vakapa upenyu hwavo. Haasi masanga muna May 1945 varwi moto kufora wokupedzisira rworukundo kuburikidza Red Square pamwe zvose yetsiva mauto.

Mhemberero yacho umhare vanhu basa

Nhasi, moto basa rave rakavapo kuva akaoma multi-yaishandiswa hurongwa kuti anogona kutsvaka uye kudzima muhomwe moto chero kunzwisisa. In kwayo zvombo ndivo achangobuda nebudiriro yazvino. In chiratidzo chokuremekedza vanhu ngozi, asi zvikuru rinodiwa basa iri nguva dzose nehurumende muna 1999 zvakatanga ─ Russian mutambo nezuva moto kudzivirirwa.