Musha gusevodstve

UDC 636.598

musha gusevodstve

Geese - huru zvibereko yehuku, uremu nevakura 7-8 makirogiramu, hanzi anoteya kubva 15 kusvika 60 kana kupfuura mazai achirema 150-220 d kubva mukuru anogona kusvika makirogiramu matanhatu nyama, 500 magiramu mafuta anokosha, ari kushingaira inoshandiswa mukurapa uye pharmacology, pamwe yakaderera chaizvo remafuta akawandisa, uye panguva inokosha fattening - delicatessen chiropa yairema kusvika 700? g .. The shiri - chete shiri duku, paunogona kuwana pakararama yepamusoro pasi uye munhenga, izvo kaviri sezvo zvakanaka mukurumari huku. Goose muduku kutsanya kukura goslings kurarama uremu mumwedzi miviri yokutanga kurimwa kwakawedzera neinopfuura ka40. Geese kushandisa zvakakwana dzokumafuro, uye pasina chero shiri zvinogona zvokudya kuti girini. High zvibereko, nyore tichitarisa kugutsikana, kugona upise roughage rurefu azvipire faibha - zvinokosha unhu vaya vakasarudza ruchikonzera shiri.

Biological uye zvoupfumi zvinhu

Geese vamwe vokubereka uye zveupfumi zvinhu kusiyanisa nevamwe mhando yehuku:

• · Mano kushandisa kumafuro uye upise kuchikosha mari zvakasvibirira muto chikafu rurefu zviri faibha;
• · Mano yakasimba, zveupfumi kururamiswa kushandisa (anopfuura 3 years), apo hunotarisira 20-25 makore oupenyu. A nevamwe chinhu nemamwe marudzi yehuku iri kuwedzera zai kurimwa mugore rechipiri uye rechitatu tichienzanisa pakutanga;
• · Young shiri mumwedzi miviri upenyu chokutanga ane yakakwirira chaizvo kukura simba. Uyezve, pamwedzi wokutanga kuwedzera simba iri 200, rechipiri - 96, wechitatu - 17%. Nyaya iyi iri rinoshandiswa zvoutachiona kuzvishandisa gusevodstve apo gusjat broilers yairimwa nyama kusvika 9 mavhiki zera;
• · Goose munhenga uye pasi zvakasiyana elasticity uye simba, pasi Absorção de Água uye chafariz conductivity, achivaita chinokosha mbishi mashoko kugadzirwa munhenga-pasi;
• · Nokuda gobvu uye hanzi minhenga anogona kushivirira kwenguva duku donhwe tembiricha kuti kubvisa 25-30 ° C. Kurera tembiricha pamusoro 32-34 ° C ndinoiitawo kunokonzera wheezing shiri uye kudzikira zvarwo ezvinhu, saka inopisa nguva yezhizha vanofanira zvine anoteura kana reservoirs.

Zvazvakashatira shiri dzinosanganisira:

• · Zvirongwa pasi fecundity uye zai kugadzirwa, yakamanikana zvepabonde reshiyo (1: 3). Kana peya nyama nehuku vanogona kuwana 125-150 kako kubva peya turkeys - 50-60 turkeys, zvadaro peya shiri - hapana kupfuura 30-40 goslings;
• · A mukuru chikamu mafuta ari chitunha, ane makore matatu nemwedzi uye pamusoro wayo kugutsikana rinosvika 25-30% nokuda subcutaneous mafuta uye kusvika 10% nokuda zvemukati;
• · Late pabonde kukura (240-310 mazuva). Light erudzi shiri dziri kutanga bhaudhi pamberi rinorema;
• · Enhanced propensity nokuda incubating (tsotsonya kubva 30 kusvika 60% mhuka);
• · Eggs vakaisa kunze dendere (40%).

Rora uye erudzi mumapoka shiri

Kune mapoka matatu pamatombo: inorema (nyama uye zara mafuta), svikiro (decoration) uye chiedza (zai). Wokutanga zvinosanganisira zvose ano dzinoita guru - Kholmogorskaya, emdenskuyu, Toulouse, Landes, hombe pfumbu. Nyama shiri kwemarudzi ine zvinokosha mari mafuta. Kwavari tiri nemafuta chiropa guru 600-800, boka rechipiri unosanganisira tepi kana rakamonana Sebastopol shiri. Vamiririri boka rechitatu ndivo Chinese, Kuban, Adler, vokuItaly.

Kholmogory erudzi akaberekwa ari nzvimbo Central Black Earth mapazi. Ndicho dangwe mumhuri rudzi shiri nezvakanaka zviratidzo yemari-anobatsira. The shiri ine bumbiro simba, akaomarara, zvakanaka acclimated. Juvenile uye shiri mukuru ave chinhanho. With ndichibvunza fattening mazuva 60 zera shiri kusvika mhenyu kurema vanenge 4 makirogiramu zvokudya panguva mari 3 makirogiramu por 1 kg kukura. Geese Kholmogory erudzi akaberekwa ose nechepakati kwenyika.

Large pfumbu dombo vakasikwa Tambov munharaunda kuburikidza kuyambuka Romny shiri kubva Toulouse. Selection akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze nenzira kuwedzera muviri uremu uye zai kugadzirwa. Mutumbi kuti shiri yakadzika uye yakafara. Vazvionere tsandanyama. Chinhanho vechidiki uye vakura shiri zvakanaka. Misa shiri mazuva 60 zera 3.5-4.0 makirogiramu. Goose zvakanaka incubate kukura uye shiri, undemanding kuti mvura quality, tsime kundofudza uye kudya zviyo-padalitsu.Krupnyh pfumbu shiri anoshandiswa dzemadzibaba siyana kana akayambuka Pereyaslavskaya Kuban, Rhine uye Chinese gusjat kuti broiler.

Kuban erudzi hwokurara ne vashandi wedhipatimendi kuti yehuku Kuban State Agrarian University. Bird erudzi urwu ane anochinjika chakanaka kwezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu Krasnodar nharaunda uye yakakwirira yakachengeteka yaikura vaduku (95-97%) uye kugutsikana vemo vakura. Misa gusjat 2 months pazera 3.5-3.7 makirogiramu. Kubanskie kushandisa shiri zvakanaka mafuro uye vanoremekedza zai kugadzirwa (kusvika 95-100 zvidimbu) achirema 150 d

In gusevodstve rayirika kushandisa crossbreeding kubereka remasanganiswa VaNefirimu. Zvaaiva nyore kushandisa mubereki dombo Kuban, Chinese, uye Italian Rhine shiri kuva yepamusoro wokubereka, uyewo dzemadzibaba - huru grey landshskih, Lind pamusoro muToulouse shiri, kuva mukuru kukura unodiwa.

gutsikana

Mukana shiri inofanira kuva akachena, yakaoma, zvakanaka ventilated, pasina drafts. Drafts uye dampness kuderedza negoho yehuku. Insulated paburiro uye vakasimudza pamusoro pasi, kana zvichikodzera 15-20 cm. Zvinofanira kuva isapinda uye kudzivirira nemakonzo mukamuri masvingo wakanamira uye kubatwa 20 muzana madota dhaka. Windows zvakaitwa kureba masendimita 50 kubva pasi, kuti varege kupenyerwa nokuvhenekera kwemashoko pa pauriri pamwero zvishoma pane 15 lux. imba yehuku inofanira vakapakata kudziyisa uye kufefetedza, kupa mukana kuparadzana, zvakanakisisa yepasi partition kuva zvikamu. Room kureba ndima anofanira kanenge 2 M parusvingo -. Not asingasviki 1,7 mamita Simbe kuti shiri uye hwindo ane wokumaodzanyemba kana kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva meimba. Denga inofanira kudzivirira shiri kubva mvura.

Zvisingagamuchiriki pamusoro-kukudyira shiri muimba ino anopindwa inetsvina, wakaputsika microclimate kwakanyanya chokuwanziridza kuti microflora kunotungamirira rwakawedzerwa kuitika shiri. In hwokumusoro uye nechepakati nzvimbo nyika zvivako kuti shiri vachivaka France kumaodzanyemba, kusvikira zuva kupfuura kuvhenekera nzvimbo, uye kumaodzanyemba vematunhu, apo pane zvinopfuura zuva mwaranzi, - rwezasi-kumadokero kana zasi-kumabvazuva.

A rakakura kukanganisa utano uye zvakanaka kuva shiri inoshandura nemarara, mamiriro ayo kunoenderana tembiricha uye mwando. Sezvo nemarara rinoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana nezvinhu: sawdust, Shavings, mashanga, sphagnum peat, pasi zviyo the cobs, sunflower pamateko kana mapfunde. Zvekufuga inofanira kuva rakaoma, dzakachena, hygroscopic, vakasununguka kubva chakuvhuvhu. Nemarara kubva kurima zvinhu, kunze kwayo Utsanana, rematsutso uriri. In Mumatsutso nechando, shandisa inodziya zvekufuga - uswa, peat; mu yechirimo - jecha uye sawdust. Goose chete munhu akura pagore vanofanira kugadzirira makirogiramu 40 emarara zvokunyama.

Kukodzera kugutsikana shiri kwakafumuka nemarara - iyi Feather, tsvina, disheveled, uye anova zvakaipa anoramba kupisa. Maererano neizvi kuipa kushandiswa zvibereko pamusoro inosimbisa ipfupi muviri nemishonga, iyo inosvitsa chikosoro. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti yakachena minhenga shiri anotidzivirira hypothermia. Pakatanga chando, asati nokuisa zvakadzama nemarara, zviri chinodiwa kusasa uriri yakaoma slaked madota kana hydrated madota pa mwero 0.5-1 makirogiramu muzana 1 ba. M sikweya. Zvadaro muvete pamubhedha machipisi duku, anodzvinyirirwa zviyo the cobs, sawdust, wakatemerwa mashanga Ukobvu haidereri pane 5 uye kwete masendimita anopfuura 15. The kuisa pamusoro kudyisa, kudiridza uye nezvigadziko. Deep nemarara changed kana iwe kushandura bato shiri kana mwaka (kuwa kana chitubu).

Low tembiricha kunyanya maberekero mwaka, kunogona kuderedza zai kuisa shiri, tembiricha haafaniri kuwa pazasi -4-5 ° C. kutonhora Lower kungaguma yadzikira hatchability mazai nokuda oma.

To hanzi inoshandiswa kutakura zai iri nzvimbo mumba, hapana papera pane mwedzi mumwe asati kutanga pasi, akaisa porusvingo panosangana pa mwero mumwe dendere 2-3 shiri. With kwokushaya kwavo shiri zvinogona vakatakurwa yakavandika nzvimbo. Nezvigadziko shandisa chete nemarara, sapamazuva Gusyatnikov. Sezvo shiri dziri kumhanyira mangwanani, kuitira kudzivisa kusvibiswa mazai, nemarara mudendere anofanira spiked manheru. Hazvina yakarumbidza kuisa dendere pamusoro kutonhora masvingo uye munzvimbo vane chiedza zvakananga. miganhu Inner pakati matendere ndeinotevera :. Width - 0.4-0.5 m, urefu 0,65 m, nekukwirira - 0.6-0.65 m, Nut nekukwirira - 0.01 M matendere zvakaitwa namatanda, plywood, kana zvimwe zvinhu uye akaiswa kuti inongosvikika yokuzvigadzirisa.

Vanongodya nokuti shiri kudaro kudzivisa hombe kurasikirwa chikafu. Vanofanira kuva chiedza, dzakanaka. Vanogona kuva mapuranga, plywood kana zvimwe zvinhu. Vanongodya vanofanira zvakakwana kudzivisa chinongova chipatapata panguva zvokudya pamusoro shiri. Nokuti chicherwa yokuvirisa vaishandisa vanongodya multiple nezvikamu: mavhu, reraimu, anoshongwa. Vanongodya akaturikwa ari nekukwirira masendimita 20 kubva pasi. Nokuti zvokudya munyoro gobvu akaita muchimwiro nendumure mhando. midziyo yose inofanira kugara yakachena.

Under munomwa shiri mukuru vanoshandisa zvimwiro, migomo kana zvimwe mumagaba. Kuti adzivise mvura pfapfaidzo zvimwiro akatasva zviumbwe, akafukidza simbi kana yemapuranga mambure. Munguva yechando, kuitira kuti mvura hazvirevi -oma, insulated muchimwiro kana panguva nenguva kudirwa mvura inopisa. Kushaikwa kwemvura, kunyanya mu inopisa ekunze, zvoita kuti vanhu vakawanda chirwere shiri.

Aviary zvinoiswa kurutivi rwezasi chivakwa, inofanira kuva Canopies kubva zuva uye mvura. Bathing shiri afadzewo yakakodzera mudziyo, achiwedzera nguva nenguva imwe mvura kugara pamwero. Area pa shiri zvinofanira kanenge 1 ba. M - nokuti shiri, 5 ba. M - mhuka duku, 15 ba. M -nokuti vakuru. Kana yokuwandisa kamuri shiri zvaunoswedera inetsvina, Zvinoipisisa mhepo hwechiFascist, izvo zvingakonzera vakawanda chirwere shiri. Asi panguva mwero yokudyara arambe achirema kunobva okunze. Nechokumaodzanyemba munzvimbo, apo shiri inopedzera uzhinji pazuva paddock, vachidyara arambe achirema anogona ngazviwedzerwe 2.5 chete 1 mativi musoro. M nzvimbo yeimba paburiro.

Nokuti inodziya mwaka inogona vakapakata yemakaravhani akwanise mhando nokuda kwerunyararo 15-50 shiri. Chakafanana imba yakavakwa mizariro kana pakona yorusvingo sheathe bhodhi kana plywood, emapuranga mapuranga flooring, denga akafukidzwa plywood kana mapuranga. Very nyore yekare yehuku imba zvinogona kuitwa pajira riya, tara pepa firimu. The furemu rakagadzirwa zvipfigiso kana mapuranga, zviri wakasimba afoot, uye unowedzera pajira riya pamusoro nemakadhibhokisi akanzwa, kana firimu. Denga chakagadzirwa tsvimbo, ane pakakoromoka therebetween vanenge 0.3 m, musoro wakafukidzwa denga remba kana firimu. imba yese nokuti 15 shiri - 2.5 X 2.5 m, pent denga, iro France nekukwirira - 2.1 m, rusvingo musana -. kwete asingasviki 1.4 mamita vanongodya, munomwa uye matendere vanofanira kuita inotakurika uye akatasva kuna regai kusvibisa nyika. Semi-rakavhurika aviary yekare yakavakwa sezvinoitwa yapfuura mumwe, chete France rinovharwa namapuranga kuti kukwirira vanenge 0,6, uye kubva pasi, uye kupfuura - yakaisvonaka-pajira riya mambure. Muzhizha aviary uyu nyore zvikuru, nokuti shiri zvinochengetwa panze.

The vasiri mamiriro shiri iri yekudyidzana kukanganiswa molting. Daily goslings akafukidzwa pasi. Pana 3 mavhiki zera, goslings fuzz anotanga ichabvisa chikuru peni, uye muna 10-vhiki yekare yokupara Molt kunoitika. Panguva iyi mhuru kukura mwero kunoderedza inosimbisa kunwa chete chairema kukura kunowedzera. Kuvakwa pamusoro "hemp" muviri shiri zvokuvamba minhenga zvitsva zvakaoma kubvisa zvitunha panguva kubudiswa, saka zviri here kuuraya shiri zvokudya pamberi yokupara Molt kana yangopedzwa. By 4 months yezera, vechiduku shiri zvakazara nokufukidzwa kunyorwa shiri munhu mukuru, ipapo shiri Molt 2 nguva pagore - muzhizha uye kwematsutso. Panoperera patsime maberekero mwaka muna May - June zai-nokuisa kunopera, zvinoderedza kusimba spermatogenesis muna Gusakov, muviri uremu vapiswa ne 20-30%. Muzhizha wouya shiri Molt, panguva iyo inenge 2 months, akatsiva chose ose minhenga. Zvisinei, pashure 3 mavhiki pashure yokutanga moulting shiri moult mukuvamba kwematsutso kechipiri, uye kuchinja havasi vose minhenga, uye "chete vaduku pakati kunyora.

With chitunha hanzi yabviswa pana 250-300 d mudanga, kusanganisira 50-60 magiramu pamusoro Zvinhu Zvisina Basa. Munhenga uye pasi pakati shiri ndivo kupfuura inodziya uye nani. Zviri nani ruchikonzera shiri ne chena plumage sezvo hanzi munhenga ndachena vanofungidzirwa 20-30% isingadhuri kupfuura chena. Kuti kuwedzera kuunganidzwa hanzi minhenga uye pasi, zvinokwanisika kuti aite mbiri-nguva (munguva inodziya mwaka) intravital Oschipko shiri, uye kumaodzanyemba 3rd yakakodzera uye zvakarurama haasaruri Oschipko shiri anogona kuwedzera goho minhenga diki uye pasi kusvika muna 2 nguva. Munyika dzakawanda pamwe dzakabudirira yehuku rinoitwa kaviri pagore vanodzura minhenga kusvikira nguva yepanyama molting shiri zera, vasiri sepakutanga. Unyanzvi Oschipko haana kukonzera marwadzo shiri. Panyaya iyi chete shiri kutanha pasi uye minhenga diki muviri coverts.

kubereka

In shiri zvakajeka akaratidza chido kumisa igadzikane vakaroorana, saka Gusakov kugovera nezvibereko risati maberekero mwaka, inobva imwe hanzi - hanzi 3-4. Young Gusakov mutoro ipfupi. Ya kushandisa shiri pamapoka anoenderana rudzi uye uwandu mazai dzateyiwa. Kunobereka vane yakaderera zai kugadzirwa uye hatching mazai akachengetwa maitiro ndiwo iwane 5-6 makore. Geese dzakakwirira zai kugadzirwa uye rinorema erudzi yakaorera 3-4 makore. Term kushandisa zvakanaka, rikaratidzwa Gusakov kungawedzera kusvika makore 10-12.

A gander zvakanaka bapiro vari vaviri munhenga diki (chigero) uye minhenga gumi chikuru rokutanga uye rechipiri kuti, zvakafanana inofanira chega okumusoro minhenga. muduku goho zvikuru kunobva bonde Gusakov. Active pakutanga pamusoro maberekero mwaka (February kuna June) Gussaki kuramba achishingaira kusvikira pakuguma. Uyezve, bonde Gusakov pazuva rechipiri uye rechitatu gore zvowedzera, zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo.

Zvakakosha kudzivisa inbreeding kuti vadzivise degeneration nemombe somugumisiro inbreeding. Where regai kushandisa yakaisvonaka maberekero, ari mazambuko kuwana vakaberekwa vechiduku kukuru kutaura bhizimisi - anobatsira zviratidzo.

Anoda kuchengetedza purazi vake vaviri kana kupfuura zvigadziko mhuri inofanira kuziva kuti zviri zvinodiwa kuisa mhuri dzakasiyana matura uye paddock, zvimwe Gussaki anogona kurwa. Muna rutoto mwaka Gussaki mazuva mashoma ugare nzara, achichengetedza vanhukadzi vavo nezvimwe Gusakov.

Egg achiisa shiri - kubva 10 kusvika 50 mazai pagore. Kunyanya chiedza shiri mhando vanosvika kurara pakunamata pa 6 mwedzi zera, inorema dombo vagadzirira ruchikonzera pamwe mwedzi 9 chete. mazai Weight hanzi anobva 150 kusvika 190g (avhareji 170g). Ndichibvunza zai Kugadzirwa mberi 3,5-9 mwedzi. Ya incubation kuti hanzi mazai - 28-30 mazuva.

Kubereka shiri sei: mhepo tembiricha, kutevedzana neusiku, ya masikati. Light kunomutsa: kukura pakati yehuku, kukura, molting, mavambo zai Kugadzirwa ane nezvainoita kuguma zai kugadzirwa.

Long masikati Inowedzera kuyaruka shiri, kukanganisa kunaka goko, uye zai vakawanda. A unopinza zvinoderedza pakureba chemasikati kunokonzera vakurumidze molting uye kumira zai kugadzirwa.

Mukuwedzera, maberekero nguva spermatogenesis muna Gusakov kunotanga, kazhinji 1-2 Kwapera vhiki kupfuura zai-kuisa shiri, saka mazai rokutanga kazhinji vanoramba unfertilized. Kuwedzera pakureba chemasikati maawa kubva maawa 8 kusvika 14, rwakatanga munenge muna 7-10 mazuva asati atanga zai-nokuisa shiri Inowedzera gadziriro Gusakov mavambo maberekero mwaka.

Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, kana kwaedza anotanga kutakura shiri mukupera February kana mangwanani March. Kana zvakakodzera, unogona kufambisa kutanga musi kuripisa kuguma January - kuvamba February, kana iwe uvhure optimum microclimate muna January Gusyatnikov, kureva tiine kwakavakirwa pamusoro-razero tembiricha uye kwaedza maawa kuwedzera kune maawa 14, achishandisa chakagadzirwa chiedza. Utongi akadaro anofanira kuchengetedzwa sokuvapo yepanyama masikati havazokwanisi akaenzana maawa 14 dzimwe nguva, kuti shiri wechipiri -. Autumn - zai kugadzirwa inaye, nokudaro vachiwedzera wembereko wavo anenge 2 nguva.

Goose tichimhanya zuva, saka kuti kunyange varombo shiri achatakura kanenge pamwedzi. Saka, kana iwe kuronga kuwana kako, zvakakodzera kutarisa mazuva 30-40. Nguva zvakakodzera kubvisa mazai kubva matendere, ndokuaunganidza kupinda mabhokisi ari chete layer kunyanya pamusoro machipisi kana sawdust. Mazai inounganidzwa kubva matendere nani chiratidzo - kubva hanzi uye musi kuparadzwa. Mazai zvakanakisisa akaramba ari makadhibhokisi bhokisi ari kudziya 7-13 ° C, akatendeuka zuva bhokisi divi mune imwe negwara. With kwakadaro okuchengetera anenge ari mazai kuramba vapenyu yakareba.

Sei kuda refu mazai? Zvakawanda sezvo inogona kudziyisa kuti hanzi, kazhinji 11-13 dzakabatana. Under huru shiri komberedza zvakawanda pasi diki - zvishoma. Zvakakosha kuti huku zvakanaka mazai anodzivirira.

Zvino guru mubvunzo: sei kuti hanzi hatching mazai, kunyanya kana nhunzvi yacho mazai chenguva duku pachayo? Zvinofanira kuwedzera ambient tembiricha - mureza incubating. In Gusyatnikov vanofanira kutendeuka kukwira kupisa, kuwedzera mhepo tembiricha, kanenge zvishoma. Kana hanzi rassids, kuti hita inogona vadzoserwa kure.

Chimwe chinokosha: dendere racho rarira Chinongodiwa kuronga kamwe kwenguva dzose, kuti ndipo hanzi nendege uko uye vachifanira hatching. Old nemarara inofanira kupiswa pamwe utachiona hwacho. The dendere dira nemarara itsva, musakanganwa kuwedzera gavakava, pamusoro slots kuti guru quill kunyora. Apo vose shiri pachigaro dendere, tinovapa rassidetsya mazuva 2-3. Nokuti rassizhivaniya zvakakodzera kuti akarara ari dendere dzinenge mbiri kana mazai matatu. Kungava chenhando mazai - kwemashifiti chimiro, pamwe murombo anoshongwa, akwegura, etc.

Kuwedzera mhepo tembiricha, uyewo mazai, ratova mudendere, huchatibatsira kuti hanzi achaita kuzopedza kwekanguva mubhokisi pashure kuisa zai. Mazai dziri nhema mudendere, muchishungurudza receptors pamusoro hanzi mudumbu, izvo zvinozoita rinovayeuchidza zvisaririra dzepanguva. Kana ukaronga izvi mamiriro mumba, mugumisiro haangavi kutora nguva. Kana hanzi rassids chiri zvakasimba pazvigaro avo 2-3 mazai wakasimwa, vanogona kuva ne yepamusoro mazai akagadzirirwa kuchengetera mumabhokisi makadhibhokisi. Kubvira Rinotanga unotara nguva incubation. Eggs akarara usiku nani 13-15 yori. pasi mumwe hanzi zvichienderana tembiricha panze uye mumba, kukosha shiri uye mazai, asi kuti Goose muviri wake zvachose avanza mazai kudyarwa.

Kana hatching hanzi anofanira kunge akasununguka vawane zvokudya uye mvura pa nzvimbo necheseri kana iri rakadeurwa. Panguva kudyisa kuzoongorora dendere yakachena yakapwanyika zai. Mushure rokuchenesa dendere uye mazai shiri vaimhanya, kuita chokwadi havana rwakabatwa isiri slots. Kuwedzera zvibereko goslings, hanzi-mazai pasi sheche nani nzvimbo kwete paya pane 10-12 mazuva pashure nokuisa optimally - 5-7.

Vamwe vanoedza kuita zvose akamuka hanzi hatching panguva imwe chete. Izvi rinobvumira unogarira kunyange-akwegura shiri, izvo kutanga kudzinga shiri vanhuwo boka. Vamwe kuumba panosangana sitters sezvo mazai kuwanda, nokudaro vachiwedzera uwandu mazai uye akaita rwoshandiswa hatching mazai pasherefu upenyu zvikuru.

Kana hanzi musha muduku hatching, uye ipapo raderera nouchenjeri hwokuzvarwa nahwo naye uye raakabva dendere, regai kumhanyira kuti chisiye. Gore rakatevera, pamwe zvichava zvakanaka nhunzvi, uye mazai gore hanzi rechipiri vane 15-20% kupfuura muduku. "Talent" shiri zvisaririra takaberekwa. Saka, kuona kunyange mumwe huku zvakanaka, iwe nguva dzose kukwanisa kuwedzera nhamba yavo, vachisiya dzinza pavakunda hanzi. Uye huku zvakanaka zvakakodzera makore mashoma uchashumira iwe nokutendeka.

Kana okupedzisira 7 days asati kushaya ari mazai kubva shiri akaisa mundiro nemvura inopisa (35-40 ° C) kuitira kuti ivo akasununguka kuyangarara, mazai vapenyu goslings pashure pechinguva kutanga kwapera. Vakasarudzwa mazai mhenyu zvakaenzana awaridza pasi shiri. Nezuva 28, vamwe kutokurudzira mazai nemvura pfapfaidzo. In chiedza shiri runouyisa Pip rinotanga yechi27 zuva incubation, mu dzinoita guru - 28 - 29 maminitsi, uye 30-31 zuva - zvizere mazana.

Kana kamuri ushamwari, iyo incubation nguva inogona kuwedzerwa mazuva 30, ndiko kuti Pip uye goho rinotanga maminitsi 31 chete pazuva. The tembiricha ambient anobatsira basa rinokosha muupenyu reshiri.

Zvino unofanira kusarudza: kutorazve goslings kusiya imba kana pasi amai.

Kana sheche rinorema uye zveufende, uye manyana kuonekwa disjointed, kureva, mumwe kare wakapwisa, zuva rose kutungamirira chinoshingaira mararamiro, uye dzimwe mazai vachiri nhema pasi shiri, zviri kutanga zvakakodzera kuva nechokwadi chokuti pasi goko mhenyu kako, pasi mazai yasara mumvura, vane kutama, kuti azviite kana mupenyu. Vakarangana goslings chete, pashure kwayo kure, zvakanakisisa osimudza imba. Chekuita Manyana anoita hanzi anovaima pamusoro dendere kuitira kupwanya nepwere, uye avo vari achiri mazai, apo zvirokwazvo inotonhora uye vangatoona kufa. Nhiyo nani akaramba kudziya, ari makadhibhokisi bhokisi, apo tembiricha vanenge 30 ° C uye kumirira yasara goho. Simba gusjat muNzvimbo kudziyisa mubhokisi apo tembiricha anodzokororwa pa 35 ° C kare. Goslings akasimba usiku zvakafanana akaisa pasi pemapapiro shiri. Goslings aparadzane vanaamai vavo havagoni kuramba refu - kujaira munhu, havana akakodzera kuti hanzi. Bvuma kuti hanzi goslings, takatarisa maitiro vanaamai. ari goslings usiku asati Inoziva uye vakagovera pamusoro Goose. Kana nomumwe wavo, ivo vachava kusangana zvakawanda goslings vakasarudzwa uye akaisa pasi rerimwe shiri. Mune ramangwana, ichava korasi neboka pasi kudzivirirwa shiri dzose uye gander.

Zvakanaka, kana nhunzvi dzenyu nokungwarira uye nounyanzvi haazvibati mudendere, haufaniri kunetseka - hapana chicks haungakanganikwi kana hushed kumusoro Amai. Iwe panguva ino chete kuita nechokwadi chokuti goslings vakasununguka kusiya dendere uye kudzoka. Kuti aite izvi, ronga zviripo goho uye mazano ari slots. Mukati kuona nemarara pedyo dendere, unofanira kuisa mvura mbiya uye kudzika tireyi zvokudya vacheche, tsanga uye mugomo wemvura vanaamai vavo. Bucket - kune goslings vasingagoni kupinda mugaba nemvura uye kunyura mairi.

hanzi Good kunyatsotevera vachiongorora vana panguva rinopisa pashure kudya, akadana kupinda slots. The dendere inofanira kusiiwa kwevhiki, ipapo akabvisa, uye panzvimbo yayo kukandira huru armload akaoma uswa. Mazana pachaiswa yakachena pamusoro nomufaro mukuru. Kana zviri kare kudziya, ivo goslings naamai rinogona asunungurwa padenga uswa kamwe, pavakangopedza nechivimbo mira netsoka dzavo. Kana shiri shoma, zvino kudzinga kune vanhuwo mafuro zvinogoneka chete pashure amai uye vana vari zvakanaka kurangarira mumwe. Nekuti dzimwe nguva nokusaziva goslings vanogona kukwira ushamwari womumwe amai. Vamwe hanzi, kuita noutsinye kune vatorwa kako vanogona kunyange kukuvadza maduku goslings.

Goslings vane yakakwirira kusimba kukura, aine kunyanya nokukurumidza kuwedzera rokutanga romwedzi upenyu. Kana zuva nemakore shiri kurarama uremu 100-120 g, muna 30-zuva - anopfuura 2 makirogiramu. Nokuti mazuva 60-70 pasi zvakanaka kukura goslings dzichichera uye kuwedzera kwavo muviri uremu kwokutanga pane 35-40 nguva, richisvika 4-4.5 makirogiramu.

Pane zviviri zvakasiyana nemaonero pamusoro apo iyi inofanira kuva gander. Vamwe vanodavira kuti munguva incubation uye goho vana Gusakov kuti Goose nani kuramba kure. At akanyarara, kudziya, kuine mamiriro okunze muduku naamai vake kutendera panze patsangadzi kuti "sunbathe" muzuva uye kubvumirwa pedo gander, vakatarira aachaita vazvibate. Vamwe havana kushandura hanzi neimwe nzvimbo apo hanzi akagara mazai, muchitenda kuti hatizombofi haadaro uye nekunzwisisa chaizvo. Kunzwa svisvidza pakati kako, izvozvo zvinoenderana panosangana, pokes musoro wake mukati, kufarira, iye asina anogumbura goslings. kufara chaizvo kana hanzi ari kutanga kubuda kubva mudendere pamwe goslings.

Mhenyu kurema shiri ine mukuru nemagene variability, kuti zvakanaka chinhu pasi. Gusevod kana kutsvakwa, anogona zvikuru zvinobudirira kuwedzera mhenyu kurema shiri akaberekwa navo, kusarudza kuti incubation Mazai hombe uye kusiya hombe yorudzi shiri. Kubva mazai huru zvichabviswa akaratidza huru diurnal goslings umo kuchawedzera huru vaduku shiri. Kana gusevod achapedzisa maberekero nemombe dzavo, ivo vachava mazai huru, uye zvichingodaro. Somugumisiro, mhenyu kurema maberekero shiri ichamuka nokukurumidza. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti panguva iyoyo vari kupiwa mombe kubereka zvakakwana shiri dzichadya kuderera: zai kugadzirwa, wembereko uye hatchability mazai. Izvi imhaka inofambiswa yomuzvarirwo ukama pakati muviri kurema yehuku uye ayo kubereka: zai kugadzirwa, wembereko uye hatchability mazai, saka dilution Ptitsevod shiri sarudza Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri muviri uremu farmed yehuku, izvo hakutadzisi kutaura mukuru wembereko uye Breeders yakakwana vechiduku nevanhu yakakodzera kukura. Zvinokosha zvakaenzana kusiya mhuri kunze shiri dzakakwirira zai kugadzirwa uye Gusakov dzakakwirira zvepabonde.

Ose mazai shiri inoshandiswa kugadzira goslings, saka wembereko dzavo uye hatchability Unotofanira kuramba ari mukuru pamwero. Kuti vanyatsonzwisisa mazai hatching, kufudza shiri dzinofanira kuva pakati nepakati mune zvose inotonhorera intakes, kunyanya mapurotini uye mavhitaminzi.

dzokudya Features

Goose - mafuro shiri, herbivorous. Geese nokuzvidira uchapedza yakawanda yakachena uswa uye mafuro ndiko yakachipa pashiri rine zvokudya. Kushandisa mafuro uye mvura kunobatsirawo pamusoro zvinonyatsorehwa muviri shiri. Vanokwanisa kudya zuva 2 makirogiramu yakasvibirira guru. Adult shiri iri mafuro kubudisa pakarepo pashure oviposition. Zvigare shiri anogona kushandisa mafashamo uye chakaoma Mafuro uye nemakoronga. Apo pasina mukana kusunungura shiri kumafuro, vari kuchengetwa mumatanga.

Kune zvitatu nzira kudyisa shiri: yakaoma, nyoro uye vasanganiswa.

Munguva yakaoma mhando dzichifura shiri zvaunoswedera pakaoma, kana pelleted inosimbisa zvinosanganisira yakavhenganiswa inosimbisa, kana zviyo wemisanganiswa. Nzira iyi zvokudya zvinoda zvizere kuvariritira uye vapfume pamusoro kudya pamwe vhitamini-chicherwa zvokuwedzera chikafu wemisanganiswa. zvazvingava Its daily anogona kuiswa imwe-nguva - mangwanani kubudikidza BUNKER otomatiki vanongodya, pasina kutya kukuvadzwa. In nemadhaka nzira dzichifura comminuted dzichiitika inosimbisa yakakanyiwa nemvura, romukaka kubudiswa, vakasara imvura zvokudya, tsvina kicheni, wakatemerwa manune zvokudya, nyama uye Kusuka hove. The yakakanyiwa chikafu (Mash) iri nyore pasi acidification muzhizha uye kuoma nechando muchando. Saka, vanenge vakaisa pamusoro feeder asati zvokudya. Ari kubatanidzwa nzira zvokudya chinosanganisira zvose chakaoma uye manyoro kubva zvokudya, aomeswa dzinovaraidza zvokudya kuve akaparadzana vanongodya akaramba nyoro ugovere imwe kana mbiri nguva pazuva.

Zvokudya - iri kunzwisisa homogeneous vasanganise akasvuura nowakapwanyika kuti zvaida ukuru siyana feedstuffs uye microadditives pakupa rizere dzokudya shiri.

Yakabudiswa kwakakwana chikafu (PC) uye unzenza granulated chimiro, dyisa inonyanya uye feed-the. PC - musanganiswa zvizere kugovera simba yehuku, inotonhorera uye pakugadzira vanoshingaira yeimwe pasina dzokuwedzera zvokudya uye zvimwe zvokudya microadditives (Table 1).

Granular chikafu hazvirevi kuparadzana panguva zvekufambisa uye kuparadzira, shiri haasi kukwanisa kusarudza munhu tudonhwe mhuka zvokudya, inosimbisa mwero isina achishungurudzika, izvozvo kunoderedza zvemaziso nezvinhu nokuda kupararira guruva uye. The granules anochengetwa nani pakugadzira vanoshingaira zvinhu, kunyanya carotene, mavhitaminzi; mu granulation kwacho nokuda kufurirwa netembiricha inowedzera inotonhorera digestibility uye vamwe kuparara FIs (nevasori izvo kuderedza digestibility) mapuroteni.

Zvokudya zvakapfumisa microaddings - premixes.

Zviyo chipiriso chikafu shiri nenzvimbo chikuru chikamu kudya chete panguva ndichibvunza fattening. In yehuku infield ezvinhu achishandisa chibage, gorosi, bhari, oats, mapfunde, mhunga, mapfunde, rye, Buckwheat groats uye nechipo tsvina residues (Table 2).

Geese vari zvakanaka anokwanisa kupinza zvinokurisa girini, muto zvinonyadzisa zvokudya, nokuda izvo zvavo zvavanoda. Masikati, asi hanzi anokwanisa kudya 2 makirogiramu, uye zvakawanda uswa, iro rinoita zvinodiwa rinokosha yomuviri wake zvinovaka muviri uye mavhitaminzi. Mukupera kwematsutso, chando uye mangwanani chitubu shiri kubereka kusvika 300 magiramu zvakanaka uswa kudya rimwe zuva. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa ozeyewa, izvo zvinobatsira hunobata zviri mavhitaminzi mune mazai uye unhu goslings nezuva. Kunze kufudza shiri pamusoro pamafuro manyoro kunoderedza 2 nguva mari kuramba chikafu chete chairema kukura, kuderedza basa yokufambisa uye mari nyama. Active inogona kushandiswa uye zvokudya kura zvakadai zviyo the cobs mu particulate chimiro, mapfunde kana oats Mash pa 200 g pa musoro. Kunwa shiri akaoma roughage ndiyo yakanakisisa uye zvakawanda kana vari flavoured pamwe kuwedzera kuisa zvokudya bhiti uye akabika matapiri. Geese vari zvakanaka ozeyewa internet bhari, oats, pizi. Sezvo chikafu rurefu zviri faibha, kazhinji isingadhuri, izvozvo kunoderedza mari uye mari zvokudya yehuku. The gizzard shiri pane zvokuimba nokugeda pamusoro yakawanda chikafu. Izvi zvinogoneka kana mudumbu mabwe duku, izvo zvinogona kusvika zvidimbu 30 panguva. Uyezve, mapofu ura somugumisiro tusingaoneki siyana wakanamatira kunyanya chirimwa zvikamu akapfuma faibha. Kuitwa mafuta kupinda nezvokudya, shiri dziri kuwanda 45-55%, yekudyidzana kupfuura mwero dzimwe mhando yehuku.

Table 1 Zvinoumba chikafu shiri

zvinoriumba

azere chikafu

Feedstuff pasi mapuroteni kugutsikana

zviyo  

40

43

gorosi  

20

20

bhari

7

9

Otsi kana mapfunde

3

-

sunflower

10

7

mbiriso

2

4

gorosi bran

2

2

hove kudya

3

2

furawa Meat-mapfupa

1

-

furawa yemakwenzi

4

4

furawa Rakushechnaya

3.5

4.5

choko

3

3

munyu

0.5

0.5

vhitamini gadziriro

1

1

Total:

100

100

From muto girini zvokudya silage zvokudya kuti yehuku, makarotsi, Squash, shuga bhiti, mbatatisi, makabheji, bhinzi, rekushongedzesa uye forbs. Roughage (uswa, uswa kudya uye marara, mashizha) sezvo mitema zvokudya akapfuma mavhitaminzi. mwero Daily kunobva mhando uye zera shiri.

Green uremu ari dzichangobva mowed sezvo shiri vanopiwa kubva yoga vanongodya, uye weupfu - inowedzerwa Mash ari uwandu 40-50% of zvokudya. Geese kuteerera ruvara uye kunhuwidza zvokudya. Vanonyanya titsigire mutema zvadzinofura, zvakanaka kudya miriwo vanoramba rinopeperetswa chipande: horsetail uye twakadai misoro hwemvura zvinomera - duckweed. Kubva zviyo segorosi uswa, ochadhi bluegrass, vaduku oats uye rye; bhinzi - chemombe uye Clover.

Geese kunyatsoona chaizvo aiona, saka vanogona kudya murima. Usiku, kunyanya mambakwedza, vanokwanisa upise zvokudya kupfuura masikati, saka gusevody siya zvokudya vanongodya usiku, izvo zvinokosha zvikuru, kunyanya maberekero mwaka.

Table 2 Estimated mitemo zvinodiwa mu inosimbisa shiri (g pa musoro pazuva)

poop

chando kumwedzi

The kwoushamwari kumwedzi

tsanga

50

-

pizi chimwe-chidimbu

50

40

gorosi bran

50

50

yakapwanyika pizi

100

100

Grass kudya, uswa, silage

500

-

Beets, makarotsi, mbatatisi

500

-

greenery

-

1500

Goko, choko, reraimu

15

10

munyu

2

3

Geese vanosarudza inotapira chikafu. It ane kukosha uye wevasungwa pamusoro makabhohaidhiretsi. Kuramba fructose wevasungwa pamusoro 1.5 uye 3%, havangavi kuramba 10- uye 20 muzana mhinduro. With yakaderera mafuta kudya zvakawanda shiri Appetizing kungonyanya zvinotapira zvokudya.

Brewer kuti zviyo zvokudya shiri 30-35 magiramu pazuva. Mbiriso yakaoma nomubiki uye Brewer anogona chakaunzwa zvokudya vechiduku kubva reshanu roupenyu. Dry bhiti pulp anogona kuisa pa kusvika 10% kubudikidza kurema kuramba zvokudya.

Kubva mhuka chikafu akashandisa nyama, nyama uye pfupa, hove uye ropa kudya, upfu mukaka, buttermilk uye skim mukaka, hove uye nyama bhisikiti, ropa yakachena, mhuka inedible mafuta. The yakaoma mhuka zvokudya haafaniri kupfuudza 7% of chikafu.

Zvichienderana nzira dzichifura rinoitwa uye runoenzanirana inosimbisa gadziriro, achivaita nyore dzokudyira, izvozvo anovandudza digestibility uye assimilability.

Root zvirimwa vasati zvokudya anatswa tsvina, kushambidzwa nowakapwanyika. Part of inosimbisa zviyo zvakare milled. Kana Kupwanya tsanga zvinovaka muviri wayo nyore kuti kugaya uye Utilisation nokuwedzera pemvura neVadzidzi mucosa pamusoro zvomudumbu turakiti uye facial. Uyezve, zviri nani kudya zvinoriumba vari aivhengana.

Rusununguko kunobva mhando uye zera shiri. Pane zvinotevera zvikamu zviduku kukuya: wakaisvonaka kukuya - 0.2 mm paavhareji - 1 kusvika 1,8 neMM, guru - 1.8-2.8 mm. Adult shiri chinodiwa kupa guru chakapatsanurwa (avhareji) nokugeda, vechiduku