Musikana Tower muna Baku

Vakawanda zvinokwezva iri rekare guru kuAzerbaijan, Baku. Maiden Tower, mifananidzo zviri munyaya ino - kumwe zvisinganzwisisiki uye chikuru. Saka kure, hapana kuzivikanwa musi kuvaka chivako ichi, kana chinangwa chacho chaiyo. Maiden Tower anochengeta zvayo zvakavanzika. Vamwe vavo uchadzidza kubva ino.

Pakuonekwa shongwe

A yakasiyana mapurani pakuonekwa Maiden raMwari Tower kusvikira zvino zvinoratidza vanhu ashamiswe. Rinobuda iri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa chikamu Icheri Sheher (Old City) uye anonzi chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvinhu egungwa "France" muguta Baku. Zvakakomba kuko mamiriro riri pamusoro pedombo, nzvimbo taisa ashlar uye masvingo ne semicircular maberere richisimuka kubva pasi kusvikira kumusoro. On kumabvazuva divi Maiden raMwari Tower ane protrusion ane chinangwa anoramba ari chakavanzika. chaikosha ichi pasina nzvimbo yokuvanda, hapana buttresses kana "chaitika", achiratidza makirisito ibwe. Zvinoreva rokudzivirira zvinomera, zvinogona riri pamusoro neshongwe, hunhu mavakirwo ayo asina asvika mazuva edu. Uye yakasiyana penyika nemamiriro muviri inoumbwa ne ribbed rakatumbuka recessed uye projecting mitsara masonry.

Yomukati nzvimbo tridtsatimetrovoy shongwe cupolas sandara ibwe rakakamurwa tiers vasere interconnected zononoka masitepisi. Chivako chingava vagari anosvika mazana maviri. Mvura inogona kutorwa kubva mutsime rakadzika. Pakukora masvingo shongwe muzasi - makubhiti mashanu, kumusoro - mamita mana. Nokuti kwayo saizi akapfuudza ibwe colossus Apsheron nhare, rusvingo Ukobvu inova maviri chete mamita.

Musi erection

Masayendisiti vachiri kuvabvunzeiko kana Maiden raMwari Tower yakavakwa. Kurudyi pasuo ibwe ndiro, iyo ndokutsika Kufic chinyorwa: "Gubba (cupola Arch) Masuda Dawood remarara". Zvichienderana hunhu kunyora mashoko aya (echiArabic), kuvaka shongwe kwenguva refu, akanga aberekwa muzana remakore rechi12. Zvisinei, masayendisiti pashure dzavaienda kunotenga Labels nokungwarira. Chekutanga, shoko "Gubba", dzimwe nguva rinoshandurwa kuti "nzvimbo", kazhinji rakaiswa kuMiddle Ages kusvikira aizovigwa vaMuslim bwendefa kusvikira abva mweya huchikwira zvakananga kuna Mwari. Apo rusvingo rwematombo colossus chidimbu tombstones? Chechipiri, chingapedza iyo ndiro hunogara, harina kushandiswa paivakwa reshongwe. Zvakaratidza kuti akanyorwa akaonekwa chivakwa netsaona, panguva kugadziriswa, kana kukurumidza achibatsirwa mabwe vakaiswa mucherechedzo zvimwe kukuvara pamadziro. Zvimwe nzvimbo iyi yaiva loop-buri kana bhokisi dzakaenzana. Saka vakawana kuti pakuvaka shongwe Maiden Baku kwakaitika mumatanho maviri. Wokutanga inobatana pre-Islamic nguva, rechipiri - remakore rechi12.

nyaya

Panguva dzakasiyana siyana chikumbiro chaiva Maiden Tower. Muzana remakore rechi12 yakanga ine haripindiki nhare of Shirvanshahs, chikuru nhare kuzvidzivirira ezvinhu Baku. Muna 18-19 emakore chidziro raishandiswa senzira yechiedza, iyo yakatanga basa muna 1958, musi 13 Chikumi. Muna 1907 Lighthouse rikashamiswa kubva pamusoro zvivako pachitsuwa Nargin sezvo chiedza chawo vakatanga Kubatanidza pamwechete magetsi muguta usiku.

Maiden Tower Aigara pasi yokudzorerwa. Muzana remakore rechi19, panguva gadziridzo kubva ayo pamusoro mazino zvakabviswa (machicolations) pakuzvimirira. The wokupedzisira kudzorerwa sechivako yakaitwa muna 1960, uye makore mana gare gare neshongwe akava miziyamu. Muna 2000, iyi yakasiyana nedzimwe munhoroondo Monument akava munhu World Heritage Site ne UNESCO.

Nhare, mumwe yechiedza kana temberi?

Zvekungofungira pamusoro kuzvidzivirira basa Maiden Tower, vatsvakurudzi akapikisa. The kuvaka kungoti kufanira hondo - angava nzvimbo, kana chimiro kana zvemukati hurongwa. Chekutanga, iri shongwe ine mahwindo mashoma, izvo dziri pamwe manera unoenda kumusoro uye kwete downwards nezvatinovavarira uchikwira. Chechipiri, padenga kwezvivako, nokuda duku kukura, hazvibviri kuisa chero chombo. Chechitatu, Maiden zvaJehovha Tower haana zvachose kubatana pakati tiers. Uriri rokutanga yave chokuita navamwe nguva pezvikwiriso, izvo chero nguva aigona kubviswa.

Kuwedzera kwaro rakasiyana mapurani, kuti Maiden Tower Zvinoshamisa ... ayo sooty. Uyezve, chin'ai haisi yunifomu pamusoro nemamiriro layer uye vemunyika kumativi storeys manomwe shongwe (apo chiedza somwenje) uye panguva pamusoro. Maererano zvenhoroondo dzekare: "achaipisa moto nomwe ichipfuta pamusoro" (Moses Horessky, 5.), Rimwe nerimwe pamwero chiedza mavara akasiyana. Chii chaiitika mukati inoshamisa shongwe?

Pane kufungidzira kuti Maiden Tower - Lighthouse yekare. Asi nei kuvaka chivako guru kudaro, uye uutsaure kuna nomwe nhanho, nepo mba mazhenje zvakakwana pamusoro? Munguva pfupi yapfuura, uye kuvakwa raishandiswa senzira bhikoni, uye sezvo yokurinda, asi chinangwa chacho chepakutanga nokuti hapana kuzivikanwa. The ungangotarisa chisarudzo - yechitendero. The zita shongwe - "Giz Galasi" - ringashandurwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Shoko "gala", kana "Kala", ane yazvino Turkic marudzi "shongwe" kana "Castle", kare wakange yakasiyana. "Kala" - nzvimbo moto unopfuta tsika.

Nei shongwe rinonzi "musikana"?

Munyika zhinji zvivako anonzi "Maiden Tower". Istanbul, Crimea, Tallinn, Belgorod-Dnevstrosky kuzvirumbidza shongwe pamwe chete zita. Chokwadi chokuti izvi zvose masvingo dzakavakwa munguva kwakakwidibira Middle Ages, kana hapana kumbobvira akakunda neshongwe kwainzi "mhandara", kuti haisi akashanyira munhu maoko. Kunenge kwayo zita Baku shongwe yaiva yeMiddle Ages, apo European tsika vakatanga kupinda munzvimbo kumabvazuva mafungiro vagari Azerbaijan.

Legend of Baku Maiden

Kune nyaya yekare zhinji chokuita zita "Maiden Tower". Legend of Baku Mhandara rinoti muna pre-Islamic rune Khan, aitonga munzvimbo idzodzo, aida kuroora mwanasikana wake, uyo zvaimuyeuchidza akafa mukadzi rwaikurumidza kuuya anodiwa. Akagamuchira chikomborero yavamwari vavo, yakavakwa rukudzo romwenga kuti chikuru shongwe pamusoro rusine uye akagadzirira kutanga mabasa conjugal. Zvisinei, musikana akaramba kuda kwababa uye vaivenga panguva yokupedzisira akasvetukira kubva pashongwe munzvimbo yairwiwa mugungwa. Wave ukabatwa muviri wake vatete uye yakarova matombo. Kubvira ipapo, chihombe ibwe colossus anotakura zita "Maiden". Kana tava kuenda chaiye nhoroondo chokwadi, zvinokwanisika kuwana isina kunanga nokusimbisa zviitiko zvinorondedzerwa ngano. Muna 439-457 AD. e. Sassanid mutongi Iezdigerd chaizvoizvo azopora vekare Zoroastrianism tsika, maererano iyo hama vaibvumirwa kuroora hanzvadzi, uye madzibaba - vanasikana. Ari pamusoro nyaya dzinogona kuwanikwa Zvisaririra kusagutsikana nezvinhu mamiriro ezvinhu aya.

Legend mudiki murwi

Chimwe ngano of Maiden wacho Tower zvinotiratidza munguva dzekare, kana guta Baku ainzi "ahir", uye navageremo vakatenda mwari Zoroastrianism Ahura Mazda. Guta dzvene kwemwedzi mitatu rakakombwa, uye veko mukuru-mukuru akazivisa kuti muvengi ichaparadzwa nemaoko mhandara mhosva. Mangwanani pamusoro temberi yekare (Maiden Tower) guru romoto murwi pamwe nomunondo unopfuta muruoko rwake. It akabhururuka yakakwirira uye akarova muvengi mukuru - on-Eddin Shah - chaipo mumwoyo. Zvisinei, iye pakarepo kudanana naro vakauraya muduku uye akanaka vechidiki. Kukwanisa kudzivisa marwadzo, Maid vakabayiwa pachake nomunondo, uye akafa, uye mweya wake vakadzokera temberi. mazuva manomwe nousiku vachiridza mhepo simba - Gilavar uye Xazri. Ivo akadzimwa kumabvazuva matsvene mutemberi. Asi farsangs nomwe tsvene kwazvo murazvo itsva. Kubvira ipapo, mutemberi yerenje yaigarwa mweya muduku murwi. Dzimwe nguva iye anosiya utiziro, nhunzi kugungwa kunotsvaka nomudiwa uye kutsamwa maturo nesimba, Anosimudza zvakaipa mhepo kuti kukonzera dutu.

Sezvineiwo, ngano ichi pasi chaicho chiitiko. Munguva kukomba guta on-Eddin Shah (7-6 CC. BC. E.) Paiva kwenyika simba muruwa Baku. pasi misha kwakatungamirira ndechokuti gasi ( "moto matsvene") akatanga kudzoka mumusha Sura-Hana ( "farsangs nomwe" zvivako "Maiden Tower"). Up kusvikira 1902, nzvimbo iyi yaiva mutemberi uye akapisa uchaipisa nemoto usingadzimiki.

mhedziso

Wanda, hasha uye chisingasvikiki sokuti Maiden Tower. Baku - guta iro pebhanhire zvakanyatsobatana zvenhoroondo Oriental pakubika uye mazuva ano. Iyi nzvimbo zvakakodzera. Dark asinganzwisisiki chivakwa muguta rekare kamwe glowed pamwe magetsi mavara, anotyisa vafambi akafuridzirwa vemifananidzo uye vadetembi. View of Maiden Tower vanoda meso ako. Kuti tione uye edza kunzwisisa chii yakanyarara yekare Giz Galasi kuti anovanda shure rwawo paukobvu, shure risingazivikanwi kudzika vachena emakore.