Harald Hardrada, wokupedzisira mambo VaViking: Biography, nhoroondo uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Vaigara XI remakore Mambo Norway Harald III Stern, aizivikanwawo Harald Hardrada, akava mumwe kupfuura chinopenya madzimambo nguva yake. In hwake akanga akaparadzaniswa nyika yake yaakaberekerwa, uye ipapo vakapedza makore akawanda vari nhapwa, mari mari. Harald vakashumira muRussia uye Byzantium. Paakadzokera kuNorway, akasimuka zvakafanira kwaari chigaro. Pashure paizvozvo, pamwe kunosiyana madhigirii kubudirira konung Ndakarwa nevavakidzani vayo vose. danidziro ake okupedzisira aiva kumhara mu England. Kufa Harald pa Albion kwakaratidza kuguma ane nguva European Viking vachirwisa (nokuti chikonzero ichi unowanzonzi "wokupedzisira Viking mambo").

udiki

Baba Harald III akanga Sigurd Ishe - konung Ringerike duku umambo kumabvazuva muNorway. Kunozivikanwa Viking akaberekwa munenge 1015. Aiva hafu-mukoma Olaf Ii. Muna 1015-1028 gg. kuti hama yake akatora chigaro Mambo Norway zvose. Olaf Kutonga nokushingaira kutsigira Sigurd.

Kubva achiri muduku, Harald Hardrada anozivikanwa nokuda kwake tikakavare uye kurerutsa hunhu. Izvi hazvishamisi, unhu aidiwa chaizvo VaViking. Ndivo chinobatsira Harald mumakore 15. Muna 1030 Olaf akaurayiwa, akabviswa kurwa simba imba estridsen Knud (Papera remadunhurirwa Mukuru). Yokusarudza muhondo yaiva Hondo Stiklastdire. Olaf akarasikirwa noupenyu hwake, uye Harald Hardrada akakuvara. Iye kutiza uye kutizira yakavakidzana Sweden.

yakapanduka

Kuva akarasika kumusha, Harald uye dzimwe nyika vakatanga kuita chaanoita zvakanakisisa. Akaunganidza chikwata chake uye naye vakatanga kushumira panguva Yaroslava Mudrogo. Hondo akapindawo akakurumbira murwi Eyliv Ragnvaldson. Muchinda Kiev panguva iyoyo akanga ari kurwa Poland, uye kubatsira VaViking akava rubatsiro zvikuru kwaari. Maererano Air sagas, Harald Hardrada aiva munhu wechipiri muuto pashure zvikuru Yaroslav.

Akunoita skalds kupa mufananidzo kupfuura rakakwana muupenyu Viking kunze Norway. In kwedenga kuti sagas "Circle Pasi" ndiro gwaro basa Harald kuti Byzantine mambo. Michael IV Paphlagonian Harald dziri vepamusoro Varangian Guard. Pasi pokudzora panguva Norwegian vakakurumbira varwi mazana mashanu. Mubasa vaGiriki akarwa Harald Mediterranean Pirates. Muna 1036-1040 gg. akanga ari wemasoja Georgiya Maniaka. Uto ichi akaita Sisiri kwaiva hondo pamwe Normans vakanga vakagara ikoko.

Kutiza Byzantium

Wokupedzisira guru Mushandirapamwe Harald mubasa umambo kwaiva kudzvinyirira ari Bulgarian yemuna muna 1041. Maererano nengano, mupanduki mutungamiri Peter II Delyan akanga pachake akaurayiwa Norwegian VaViking. Gore rakatevera, Harald III Hardrada Constantinople akatora rutivi mumuzinda nevapanduki. Ipapo, uyo yaita kunyadziswa, aifanira kutiza Byzantium.

Maererano mushanduro dzakasiyana, Viking rwaipotera mukuzarurirwa Kiev kana Novgorod. On rombo wake, aigona kutora kubva Greece yose mari yavaiwana. Sezvo musoro cheVarindi, iye akava rebei chitsama. mabwe zvose izvi zvinokosha uye nendarama vakanga kuchengetwa Russia.

Upenyu Russia

Muna 1043 Yaroslav Mudry Harald akatuma pamwe nemwanakomana wake, muchinda Novgorod, Vladimir, chipatapata pamusoro Byzantine Empire, iyo zvino kutonga Constantine Monomakh. Mushandirapamwe uyu akanga kubudirira. Russian Zvikepe kutambura kwazvo kukundwa. Akafa 6000 pemauto. Harald uye Vladimir akakwanisa kurarama uye kudzokera Kiev.

Kuti chando chete Norwegian akaroora mwanasikana Yaroslava Mudrogo Elizabeth. Vaiva nevana vaviri (Ingigerd uye Mary). Panzira, kuti Viking aiva muKristu. Kunyange zvakadaro, vakawanda kare tsika yechihedheni kare muna dzekuma Scandinavia vachiri vasina vaenda. Naizvozvo, Harald aiva murongo Tora. Pazviri vakaberekerwa yemberi Norwegian King Magnus II uye III Olaf runyararo.

Zvakare muna Norway

The mari inounganidzwa panguva basa Byzantine Empire, akabvumira Harald kuunganidza uto rakasimba, uye pamwe naye kuti adzokere kumusha. In Norway, ipapo mitemo regai Tyava, uye mutsivi wake Magnus Dobrý. Harald, aiva muzukuru. Kuwedzera kuNorway, Denmark Magnus anotonga. Kushandisa ichi, nemuvengi wake akaita ukama wacho pamusoro simba vari pedyo nyika, Sven Estridsenom. Magnus vakaziva kuti yakadaro mubatanidzwa haagoni kurarama, uye aida kuva ake co-regent nababamukuru vake. Harald Stern akabvuma.

A gore pashure kwemamiriro chibvumirano, Magnus akafa pakarepo. Harald Hardrada uye Queen Elizabeth kuNorway akava youmambo vaviri munyika. The mutongi mutsva bedzi tichiita kusimbisa womukati kutsiga mamiriro. Key kuziva kukosha kunobatsira zvokutengeserana, uye muna 1048 akavamba zvivanakire vatengesi Oslo nzvimbo. Zvakazova guta guru yose Norway

Zvisinei, VaViking havana kukwana. Magnus anazvo uye Zvisinei, Denmark, iye ikazopiwa korona yake Sven Estridsenu. Harald, akarota kubatanidza yose dzekuma Scandinavia, akazivisa hondo iri wokwake. The vokuDenmark vakanga maturo vavengi. Vakatambura vakakurirwa akawanda, uye vomuNorway kutombotsva hombe zvokutengeserana mutaundi Hedeby. Muna 1062 Sven vakakundwa muhondo Naval nekuitirwa vakatiza. Asi pasinei ose mberi, Harald haana kuva mambo Denmark. Kwaari utsinye sezvo vanhuwo munyika, uye kuziva izvozvo. Achiziva kusabatsira nevanodzidza nezvenhamba, Harald Hardrada akagumisa Sven nyika.

centralization simba

Harald akarwa kwete chete muDenmark asiwo kubva Sweden. Muna 1063 kumukira wenhema mambo kwamachinda yakavhurwa Norway. mambo wokuSweden vakatsigira vapanduki earls. Harald, kunyange asingagoni kuhwina Denmark, akanga asiri kuenda mapfumo chii chakakodzera kuva chake. Uyewo 1063, akaputsa wemasangano mauto uye vapanduki zviri yeSweden ari hondo Vänern.

Kudzvanyirira chero zviratidzo zvinopesana simba rake, Stern haana kunyara munhau uye akaratidza utsinye. Zvaive munguva yake Norwegian earls uye vagari vapfumi kokutanga zvachose omurume wamambo simba. All vasingabvumirani mitemo naMambo, kusanganisira mukuru mitero uye kugara hondo, vakadzingwa munyika kana kunyimwa upenyu. Kuburikidza centralization, Harald Hardrada, wokupedzisira Viking mambo, ainakidzwa kutsigirwa chechi yechiKristu.

Nechikepe England

Kugona Kudzikamiswa kuNorway, mambo aigona kupedza mamwe mazuva ake norugare. Asi ndairota refu muduku Harald Hardrada? Matambudziko King akamupa wenhaka, uye saka kuvimba kuenderera imba. Zvisinei, namambo richiri dzinoratidzwa vaduku shungu, akarota akunde itsva uye nokurebesa simba rayo. Naizvozvo, kana mamiriro ezvinhu akamubvumira kuti azivise bhidha rake kuti simba muBritain, haana kukundikana kushandisa mukana uyu.

Mumakore upenyu mugadzi Harald Norwegian choushe, Magnus, akagumisa namambo Harthacnut chibvumirano kuti huripo pashure pokufa mudyi wenhaka yake. Chokwadi kuti chibvumirano haina nekusimba dzakaitika. Kunyange zvakadaro, zviri nharo uyu Harald paakasvika Albion, zvichitungamirira kuti hondo zvikuru.

rufu

Mambo England muna 1066 raiva Harold II Godwinson. Zviri kwaari uye akatarisana Harold. Norwegian konung wechi kutsigirwa mukoma yanyadziswa pakati nemuvengi wake, Tostig Godwinson. Viking disembarkation kwakaitika North of England.

The Battle rokutanga Fulford, pedyo York, vomuNorway yakahwina kuondomoka kukunda. Asi yakunda yakanga pfupi. Mazuva mashanu gare gare (September 25, 1066) Harald Stern akatambura kupwanya kukundwa uye akaurayiwa muhondo pashure kunayiwa pahuro ne miseve muvengi. MuEngland akasvika 300 Viking ngarava. Kutiza aiva 25. chete The muviri waMambo uye vakadzokera kumusha. Akavigwa Trondheim. Vhiki shomanana gare gare, Harold II Akabviswa Godwinson kurwa matsva choumambo England - Norman William Mukundi.