Mary, Mambokadzi Scots: Biography. History of Queen Mary Stuart

Scottish Queen Mary Stuart akararama upenyu inoshamisa. Kwokumiririra mugumo achiri inofarirwa nevakawanda.

Childhood uye mangwanani makore

Mary Stuart - Mambokadzi Scots kubvira paucheche, mubati France (sezvo mukadzi pakati Francis II) uye mumwe venhema kusvikira chigaro England, akaberekwa musi waDecember 8, 1542 muna paMuzinda Linlithgow, kufarira yakagara vatongi Stuart dzinza.

mwanasikana Princess Marii De achinyepera uye Scottish King James V, vaduku mugari wenhaka kuti mazuva mashomanana pashure pokuberekwa, akarasikirwa baba vake. Akafa achiri muduku, aine makore 30. Chikonzero kudaro mangwanani rufu vaiva chidhakwa uye zvikuru zvinonyadzisa kukundwa Scotland vari muchiuto vachinetsana Britain, kusavimbika NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi, akayambukira muvengi, uye rufu vanakomana vaviri.

Sezvo zvakananga uye chepamutemo venhaka pashure Jakobho akabva, achangozvarwa, mwanasikana wake akanzi mutongi mutsva Scotland.

Nokuda nemakore ari Mariya, Mambokadzi Scots, iye asingagoni kutonga, akagadzwa regent. Vakava yake yepedyo, Dzheyms Gamilton.

Military vachinetsana England

History of Queen Maria Scotland rizere isingatarisirwi dzinokanganisa uye muchichinjana. baba vake akatsvaka kubatana France, uye akanga ari hondo pamwe nehurumende yeBritain. Regent Dzheyms Gamilton Kusiyana neizvi, akatanga kutsvaka aifarira-British negwaro. It zvakabvumiranwa Mary akaroora wenhaka yokuBritain chigaro Edward. Panguva ino akanga wake kugadzwa.

Against urongwa izvi raiva Queen Amai, kushumira boka wokuScotland Vanokudzwa kwenguva mubatanidzwa itsva France. Zviito, uyewo nezvaidiwa Henry VIII pakarepo kumutuma zvishoma Mary, zvakakonzera unopinza kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu munyika. Supporters akauya simba kuFrance, uye England akapindura pakarepo kuti pairi. Yakatanga incursions kupinda Scotland of British mauto. Ivo akaparadzwa misha nemisha, uye vakaparadza kereke. Active Vatsigiri Protestantism vaisimudzira rapprochement pamwe England. Zvose izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi chokuti wokuScotland zviremera kuDare rubatsiro France. chibvumirano chokuroorana waMaria mugari wenhaka pachigaro French, Francis akanga yakasainwa. Shure kwaizvozvo-gore mashanu Mambokadzi Scots yakaendeswa kune France.

Life mudare Henry II

Muzhizha 1548 Little Mary ane diki navaranda anosvika Paris. Iye akapiwa noushamwari chaizvo paHoro mudare ramambo French. Ikoko iye akawana dzidzo yepamusoro, kudzidza mitauro yakawanda, vakadzidza kutamba nomutengeramwa uye zvinoimba.

Makore 10 pashure asvika France Koroleva Mariya Scots uye Francis takaroorana. kwomubatanidzwa uyu, mumwe ezvinhu rakanga France panyaya kupararira Scotland vana Queen, zvakagumbura kumba kwake.

Koroleva Mariya Scots uye Francis vaiva pamwe chete kwemakore maviri chete. Mushure accession choumambo hwake 1559 nyika chaizvoizvo ushe Ekaterina Medichi, amai vamambo. Simba utano Francis akafa muna 1560. rufu rwake zvaireva kudzoka Mary Stuart musha.

mai regency

History of Queen Maria Scotland kwakafanana inosiririsa yokufungidzira. Kubvira paucheche iye azvuzvurudzirwa kupinda enyika yaiitwa mitambo zvoushe, aakararama kunze kumusha kwemakore akawanda uye votonga pacharo pfupi-akararama kwemakore matanhatu.

Mumakore iwayo, kana iye aigara France, pane nyika yake hunotongwa namai vake, Mariya De achinyepera. Yaiva nguva yakaoma Scotland. Machinda akanga ndisingambofariri chibvumirano muchato Queen dzavo, Mapurotesitenzi kuramba zvichiwedzera mugumisiro kwakatungamirira mahwanda munzanga. matambudziko More akazviratidza aine akwira chigaro England Elizabeth I. Akanga nomutemo, uye Mary, Mambokadzi Scots, aiva nekodzero nhaka korona England. It anoenda sezvinotevera: hazvivhiringidzi Elizabeth pachigaro choumambo, asi kwete pamutemo rambai kodzero chacho. Asi apo Maria anoita mapundu chiito Anotadzira ukama pakati mutongi nokusingaperi. Iye akapfeka nguvo yake zvombo korona neEngland, zvichireva kuti ndiye mugari wenhaka kwepamutemo.

Yakatanga panguva ino maProtestenti yechimurenga Scotland akaita vatsigiri varo kuti kutsvaka rubatsiro kubva kuEngland, uye Elizabeth I akatanga mauto nyika. Mary, Mambokadzi Scots, asingagoni kubatsira amai, nekuti vakanga vasina maturo, uye Ekaterina Medichi, uyo akatonga France chokwadi, asingadi kupinda kunetsana pamwe Britain.

Muzhizha 1560 anofa Mariya De achinyepera - raiva rokupedzisira chipinganidzo kwokupedzisira kukunda of Protestantism muScotland. Tichangotanga anofa Francis II.

Homecoming

Muna 1561, Mary Stuart akadzokera Scotland. The ezvinhu, iyo yakarova mambokadzi-makore 18, zvakanga zvakaoma. Vatsigiri pamwe France vakanga vakagadzirira vanoritsigira nenzira dzose. The mwero bapiro vaizodzorerwa kune wake divi chete pasi nemamiriro nokuchengetedzwa Protestantism uye dzidziso imwe rapprochement pamwe England. Inonyanya yakakura Chikamu vakakwirira of Protestant Queen akabvunza pakarepo rotonhorera nokutenda Catholic uye muchato wayo nomumwe vatungamiriri vavo - Earl pakati Arran. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, taifanira kuita chaizvo nokungwarira.

Board uye zvematongerwo enyika

Koroleva Mariya Scots, riri zvikuru dzinonakidza Biography mumakore ake okutonga, kungwarira. Protestantism haana kugamuchira, asi kuti kudzorera yeRoma munyika haana kuedza. Kwaibva usinganyanyi nechigumbuso kuburikidza achitaipa anokosha zvinzvimbo mamiriro, William Maitland uye James Stewart, ake hafu-mukoma. Radicals vakaedza kuronga rangano naro, asi akakundikana. Queen pamutemo chitendero yechiPurotesitendi, asi haana ukama neRoma. Gwaro rino kwakatobatsira - mukutonga Mary Stuart munyika yaiva nekaupenyu nekudzikama.

Kana matambudziko munyika aigona kunzwisisa pasina ropa, vatorwa mutemo vakauya zvakawanda nezvinetso. Scotland Queen akaramba kubvuma Elizabeth I ari pamutemo mugari wenhaka, vachitarisira kushandisa kodzero dzavo Chirungu choushe. Hakuna umwe wavo achienda kuenda conciliation.

upenyu Personal

Chero mufananidzo waMariya Stuart, Mambokadzi Scots, anoti iye aiva mukadzi fadza. Vakwikwidzi pafudzi rake rakange ravira. Pashure kufirwa Francis II uye Queen kumba nyaya muchato wake mutsva Ainyanya chakasimba. Atarisana muna 1565 muduku Genriha Styuarta, iye kudanana naye pakutanga kuona, uye gore iroro akatora muchato wavo. Izvi zvakakonzera simba Kusagutsikana kwete chete Mambokadzi England, asiwo dzepedyo vatsigiri Marii Styuart. muchato wake zvaireva kukundikana mutemo rapprochement pamwe England. Dzheyms Styuart akatanga kumukira Queen, asi iye akakwanisa kuwana rutsigiro uye akakwanisa kudzinga unoranganawo kubva munyika.

wanano yechipiri yakanga kubudirira. Kuva mutongi mediocre, Henry akaedza kudzora nyika mumaoko avo, saka kuti Maria akaramba. Zvishoma nezvishoma vakakura vega. Queen kuramba akavimba rubatsiro munyori wake Dhavhidhi Richcho, uye kutsiva, Henry vakava shamwari Mapurotesitenzi uye akatora rutivi rangano mukadzi waunofarira. Riccio vakaurayirwa chigaro pamberi Queen. Aifanira kushanda nesimba uye kunyange kuwiriranisa nomurume wake kuparadza yemamiriro rangano naro. Asi ukama Henry akanga kare hwevanovatadzira zvachose. Tom kwete chete pave noutsinye nokupondwa Riccio, asiwo chitandadzo itsva Queen - vakashinga Earl pamusoro Bothwell. Uye munzira kuenda mufaro wake aiva naye. Aigona kuziva avo vachangobva kuberekwa mwanakomana waJakobho woupombwe, uye kubvumira kuti zvakanga zvisingabviri.

Genrih Styuart, Ishe Darnley, akaurayiwa nokuputika upfu keg mumba yaaigara, usiku kubva 8 kusvika 9 February 1567. Iye akawanikwa akafa mumunda apo kuedza kupukunyuka.

Munhoroondo Mary aiitawo hwokuuraya murume wake ichiri kunzi nharo. Darnley uye aiva nemamwe vavengi zvakakomba, asi dzakakurumbira shoko mhosva mambokadzi. Uye iye, nokuti vamwe chikonzero, haana kuita chinhu kuratidza ake mhosva kune wokuScotland mhosva. Mukupesana, shoko Vanongogara zvose, isingasviki mwedzi pashure murume afa akaroorwa Bothwell.

bvisa

Izvi muchato zvechimbichimbi aiva asisafarirwi mambokadzi. Iye pakarepo afirwa rutsigiro, uye vavengi vake nokukurumidza akatora kushandisa mamiriro ezvinhu. Kuunganidza simba, vaiva pamusoro Maria nemurume wake mutsva. Royal mauto vakakundwa, mambokadzi aisa, asati ari kukwanisa uvhure nzira yekupukunyuka murume wake. Castle Lohvelene iye rakamanikidzwa kusaina renunciation simba nyasha mwanakomana muduku.

Tiza kuEngland. An kundikana kuedza kuti vawanezve simba

Havasi vose vanobvumirana nevanokudzwa vaimanikidzwa misha hwomutongi wayo. The nyika yakatanga mafaro. Mary, Mambokadzi Scots, akakwanisa kutora mukana uyu uye vakapukunyuka kubva mujeri. Kuedza vawanezve simba rakakundikana. kushorwa hondo vakakundwa uye Akabviswa mambokadzi kutiza kuEngland.

Anofungira Elizabeth I

Mambokadzi England yaiva yaigona ezvinhu. Batsirai mauto ehondo hazvaikwanisa kutuma hama muFrance, zvakare - Maria kuti pakarepo vakatanga kuisa mberi kutaura kuti Chirungu choushe. Elizabeth akavhura imwe feya ezvinhu rufu murume wechipiri waMaria wake kuriita.

Queen vavengi akauya tsamba (kunze kwake nhetembo, vakanga nyepera), iro zvichipomerwa Aireva kuti aiziva nezvourongwa hwokuuraya. Somugumisiro dare uye zvakare yakavapo Scotland nokusagadzikana Maria pakupedzisira tariro kuti vawanezve simba.

Paaiva muusungwa, iye akaita chaizvo achirasika, akatanga tsamba dzimwe dzimba dzoumambo. Against Elizabeth haana kurega kuedza kuzadzisa kubva pachigaro, uye Mariya akaramba guru kurwa nawo.

Kutongwa uye kuuraya Marii Styuart, Mambokadzi Scots

zita rayo riri anonzi vanoverengeka akafukura conspiracies pamusoro Elizabeth, asi aizeza, kwete vanoda kuenda nezviyero zvakanyanyisa. Chete kana nepaiva akwikwidzane kunyorerana mumwe vatungamiri revapanduki, Mambokadzi England asarudza kudare. Iye akatongera Mary Stuart rufu. Elizabeth akanga akamirira munin'ina wangu lacrimal nekukumbirira ngoni, asi hazvina zvazvakabatsira.

Mary Stuart, Mambokadzi Scots, nhoroondo upenyu izvo zvichiri chitonge pfungwa dzekare uye uri vamiririri, akakwira scaffold uye akaurayiwa pachena mangwanani aine makore 44 8 February 1587. Ndakaramba izvozvo zvinoshamisa ushingi, uye akakwira scaffold, musoro wake Akarumbidza. Stefan Tsveyg sowakajeka akarondedzera Queen kuti chirango mubasa rake pamusoro mukadzi uyu zvinoshamisa.

Scottish Queen Mary Stuart mu mifananidzo

Her Zvinosiririsa mugumo uye utsinye kurangwa vaiva kupi romubati mabasa mazhinji. Stefan Tsveyg, Friedrich Schiller nevamwe vanyori vakatsaurira mabasa avo kwaari. The kuuraya Marii Styuart, Mambokadzi Scots, aiva nevavariro canvasses zhinji.

Mabhaisikopu chiri haana kusiya shure. A muupenyu kwaiva nemateru nezvisingafadzi, rudo uye kunyengera, tariro uye kumutengesa, zvinoratidzwa chikabviswa uye vhidhiyo mafirimu.

Zita mukadzi uyu aishamisa kunosanganisira zvizhinji vemungano nyaya. Dzinoti itsva, "The Kingdom," vanyori akapfuurira kukanganisa dzakaitika kurudyi - Koroleva Mariya Scots uye Sebastian, ari mubvandiripo mwanakomana Henry II uye Diane of Poitiers, vakapa pano sezvo vadiwa. Kutaura zvazviri zvakadaro kare hunhu kumbova.

Muna 2013, zvakanga akasikwa firimu "Mary - Mambokadzi Scots (Scotland)," iro rinotaura pamusoro zvinoshamisa zvichaitika mutongi vaitakura mireza pamusoro korona matatu.