Zviri munhau: enyika makuru nzvimbo Russia. Vladimir-Suzdal kwavabati - enyika chikuru nechepakati Russia

Mumwe matambudziko inokosha kudzidza Russian Ages kare ndiro dingindira "The enyika chikuru nzvimbo Russia." Muchidimbu, nyaya iyi inofanira kugadziriswa nokuongorora zvinhu huru nzvimbo yakabuda pokuwa kamwe yakabatana ndima mamiriro.

Nzira paumbwe weutungamiriri iri kuchamhembe

The political chikuru muzinda Russia panguva zvinhu nguva - ndicho nyika Rostov-Suzdal. Zviri pano kuti akaumba chikuru kurima uye zvokurima, iyo gare gare chamuita kuti shangu munzvimbo musimboti ramangwana rakabatana mamiriro. In idzi kurutivi chikuru chekubuda vanhu kundotsvaka munyika itsva, mafuro nyika. A maitiro chinoratidza nzvimbo iyi ndiyo chikamu chinoshanda machinda simba pakuvaka mumaguta, nhare, achibvisa dzokumafuro, wastelands, kuparadzwa kwemasango.

Yokupedzisira kwakatungamirira chokuti pano pakutanga ane simba simba kwomuchinda, izvo stifled ari boyar kushorwa uye yakakunda vemo kwavo. Hazvishamisi North-East munyika akava hwaro paumbwe rakabatana Russian mamiriro. Zviri kumativi nzvimbo iyi yakatanga Association korona idzo akazova chinoumba ari centralized rudzi-mamiriro.

zvakanakira mucheto

The chikuru muzinda enyika yeRussia rakanga inoumbwa kuvakwa mumataundi itsva, iyo yakava guta guru fiefdoms itsva. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mashoko initiators okusika dzavo vaiva machinda. Mumwe wavo aiva Yuri Dolgoruky, ane zita inobatanidzwa kutanga kunyorwa kutaurwa muguta Moscow. Active mumadhorobha Kugadzirwa machinda kuchamhembe, zviyero dzavo nesimba kuti akwezve vanhu pano vakaita basa ravo.

Pashure Kiev chakarasikirwa zvarinoreva uye vakaguma chaizvoizvo kuva guru wokuRussia nyika, munzvimbo dzokumusoro namafashamu vanhu vaitsvaga iyi masango kudzivirirwa muArabhu, machinda kukakavara, kuparadzwa maguta nemisha. Future political mukuru muzinda Russia yakanga yakanaka nenzvimbo chinzvimbo, nokuti kufukidzwa muArabhu uye Tatars masango safambika. Uyezve, nzvimbo iyi ine yakaorera idzo vakanga vakanaka kwazvo nokuda kukura zvokurima. Vomumusha vakapisa huni uye madota isa fotereza ivhu, izvo zvakaita kuti pave arable nyika, uyewo-siyana rwokugadzira.

Zvimwe zvinhu kubva munhoroondo

The political chikuru muzinda Russia muna 12-13 emakore akaumba paitonga Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Muchinda uyu akatungamirira yokumwe hondo kushingaira, somugumisiro iro akakwanisa andobata kunyange aimbova guru Russian nyika uye chirimwa ikoko vaya mutongi. mwanakomana wake uye mutsivi Andrew Bogolyubskii pakupedzisira vakakunda ari boyars dzoumambo simba. Izvi akafanosarudza monarchical chehurumende munharaunda iyi. Pasinei pfupi kwakaderera simba muchinda, mutsivi wake achiri kukwanisa kuramba mutemo baba vake uye sekuru uye kuti vabudirire kutongwa kuMhedziso. Saka, nharaunda iyi yakava musimboti kubatana munyika Russian inotevera remakore.

Fight maguta

Kudzidza nhoroondo Ages Russian kunyatsotevera hunogara pamusoro kuongorora nyaya "The enyika chikuru nzvimbo Russia." Vladimir-Suzdal kwavabati mune dzino ane kutungamirira chinzvimbo, sezvo anoritsanangura akaumba rimwe rudzi-mamiriro. Asi izvi pashure yakareba yokurwisana pakati yekare uye itsva maguta Rostov uye Vladimir. Yokutanga kwenguva refu aine aitungamirira chinzvimbo, sezvo aiva muridzi mukuru hweHIV. Zvisinei, pasina nguva refu padariro kare raiva guta mutsva Vladimir, mutongi ari Kusiyana yekare pfungwa akazviti ndiye mutongi mukuru okumusoro-okumabvazuva nyika. Saka, enyika chikuru pakati Russia akatanga rokubatanidza dzose.

dzimwe nyika

Kuwedzera Vladimir-Suzdal kwavabati pane dzimwe nzvimbo waigona vanotiwo kuva unifier yenyika. Kazhinji, kwaiva zvemisoro vazhinji vakange chinozvimirira chokwadi, asi vatatu chete vavo vakakwanisa kusimuka kuti wosiya rupawo National mundangariro. Hazvina kukura kwavo, uye ndiye mukuru nyaya kunzwisisa zviri kuratidzwa panguva akakodzera nguva nhoroondo Russia. The political chikuru nzvimbo Russia kuwedzera nzvimbo pamusoro inosanganisira nyika Novgorod uye Galicia-Volyn kwavabati.

Novgorod

The peculiarity wokutanga waiva kuti hwakasimbiswa nevaikudzwa kuzvidzora, uye muchinda kwainzi ari aizviti simba. Last sehofisi muchiuto uye vamwe administrative mabasa. Akanga asiri musoro enyika uye havana kutora chikamu mune zvemitemo upenyu guta. Mukupesana, akatora muromo Boyar mutemo kunyange dzingai muchinda pasingadiwi kuti Novgorod. Saka, pane chokwadi asimbiswa kuva Republican mhando hurumende - kutanga kuti chaizvoizvo rakasiyana kuMiddle Ages.

upfumi veguta

Chimwe unoshamisa kuchiitwa nzvimbo iyi yakanga kuti zvakanga zvoupfumi dzakabudirira uye aiva kutengeserana ukama kunyika Western Europe. Vatengesi Novgorod akanga vagoverwa kuchamhembe States, uye muguta kuitwawo ravo vatengesi dzimwe bhizimisi. Zvisinei, kurima akanga underdeveloped munyika Novgorod panyika, iyo hwaibva zviyo zvokuyamura kubva anonzi grassroots nzvimbo. Kunyange zvakadaro, Novgorod boyar zvokuvhoterwa aiva mukuru dzomumaguta tsika.

Galicia-Volhynia

Nzvimbo iyi iri kuchamhembe-kumadokero Russia. In enyika nemashoko, zvakanga muchinjikwa pakati maviri pamusoro-ataurwa nzvimbo: nayo zvakaenzana masimba vakakamurwa pakati muchinda uye boyars. Nguva nenguva, mumwe nomumwe mauto aya enyika zvipararire Zvisinei, sezvo mutemo, akacherechedza hama nepakati pakati zviviri. Zvisinei, kutamburira ukuru kwakatungamirira mhirizhonga pakati pevatongi uye vamarudzi vakakwirira, izvo nguva nenguva vakatsvaka kuhwina vakarasika nzvimbo.

Chimwe maitiro chinoratidza nedunhu - iri kuramba kupindira vavakidzani Western Europe munyaya dzomunyika yacho mamiriro. Asi Galicia-Volyn kwavabati raiva kure Khan kuti mwero uye saka haana kudaro zvikuru kukanganiswa kunoitwa vachirwisa of Tatars. Ari arikunze yeRussian nyika, ndima iyi vakaramba imwe rusununguko, asi panguva imwe chete pakupedzisira akasvika pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu West.

Netafura nhoroondo "The chikuru enyika nzvimbo Russia" kunoratidza ichangobva kutaurwa zvinhu.